Exam 5: Learning

The concept of latent learning was developed by __________ .

A young boy is watching TV. In one show he sees a bully steal a lunch from another child. The bully then enjoys eating the other child's lunch. Because this boy feels that his mother makes him a rather skimpy lunch and he is always hungry at school, he starts stealing other kids' lunches at school. According to Bandura's theory of observational learning, his hunger at lunchtime most influenced which factor?

Neurofeedback, a newer type of biofeedback, involves trying to change ________.

Sandy's favorite activity is to go to Las Vegas and play the slot machines. Her gambling behavior is being reinforced on a _______ schedule.

Which of the following events most intrigued Pavlov and led to his discoveries?

A reinforcer that adds something rewarding to a situation is called a ________ reinforcer.

At the National Zoological Park in Washington, D.C., a polar bear suffered a broken tooth, and keepers needed a safe way of treating the problem. The bear was rewarded first for sticking its nose through a slot in the cage door, then for allowing a keeper to lift its lip and touch its teeth. Finally, a veterinarian was able to treat the damaged tooth while the bear waited placidly for its familiar reward. This is an example of _______.

Ellen, an adult who has an intellectual disability, has just received a "token." Based on this information, it is most reasonable to assume that Ellen ________.

The Internal Revenue Service threatens Sue with a penalty if she fails to pay her back taxes. She pays, and the threat is withdrawn. In the future, she is more prompt in meeting her obligation. This is an example of the use of _______ to control behavior.

Repeatedly presenting a CS by itself will result in ________.

A school issues tokens to the children for good behavior. This issue of a token is an example of ________.

The person MOST closely associated with the law of effect is __________.

A positive reinforcer is a stimulus that is ________ and thus ________ the probability of a response.

A discriminative stimulus is a stimulus that ________.

The fact that a reward will increase the future likelihood of a response that produced it is known as:

In operant conditioning, ________ is necessary to create the association between the stimulus and the repetition of a voluntary response.

Negative reinforcement is negative in the sense that:

Rachel has found that when she opens up the cupboard door to get the cat food, the cats come running to the kitchen. Rachel knows that this is classical conditioning, that the unconditioned stimulus is the __________ and that the conditioned stimulus is the ___________.

Learning that is not manifested until some later time is called _________.

The "law of effect" was first proposed in the modern scientific community by: