Question 1

A false-positive pregnancy test is an example of a Type II error.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

In a famous experiment on the unreliability of eyewitness testimony, participants first watched a video of a car wreck and were then asked either, "How fast was the car going when it hit the other car?" or "How fast was the car going when it smashed into the other car?" The hypothesis was that the word "smashed" would induce higher estimates of speed than the word "hit." What is the null hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  The "hit" group will estimate a lower speed than the "smashed" group. 
B)  Only the "smashed" group will estimate a high speed. 
C)  Both groups will give similar estimates of speed. 
D)  Neither group will estimate the speed. 
A)  The "hit" group will estimate a lower speed than the "smashed" group. 
B)  Only the "smashed" group will estimate a high speed. 
C)  Both groups will give similar estimates of speed. 
D)  Neither group will estimate the speed.

Question 3

The statement "There was no significant difference between the intelligence test scores of men and women in the current study" supports the _____ hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A)  null 
B)  research 
C)  rejection of the null 
D)  failure to reject the research 
A)  null 
B)  research 
C)  rejection of the null 
D)  failure to reject the research

Question 4

Jack and Hugo each bought a lottery ticket.Hugo's ticket is 4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42, and Jack's ticket is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.Who is more likely to win the lottery?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jack 
B)  Hugo 
C)  Both Jack and Hugo are equally likely to win. 
D)  Neither Jack nor Hugo has any chance of winning. 
A)  Jack 
B)  Hugo 
C)  Both Jack and Hugo are equally likely to win. 
D)  Neither Jack nor Hugo has any chance of winning.

Question 5

A researcher is interested in the eventual divorce rates of people who live together before they get married compared to those who do not cohabitate before marriage.The researcher is particularly interested in the couples who cohabitate to see if that leads to higher divorce rates.In a sense, the couples who do not cohabitate are serving as the _____ group.

Accepted Answer

A)  independent 
B)  null 
C)  experimental 
D)  control 
A)  independent 
B)  null 
C)  experimental 
D)  control

Question 6

A researcher has conducted a study on logical reasoning using a sample of college freshmen and is concerned that the results of the study may not accurately depict the logical reasoning of college seniors.The researcher's concern can be described as a concern about the _____ of the study results.

Accepted Answer

A)  replication 
B)  accuracy 
C)  generalizability 
D)  design 
A)  replication 
B)  accuracy 
C)  generalizability 
D)  design

Question 7

On April 16, 2007, BBC News reported the results of a study done by Dr.David Lewis of Mindlab International in the United Kingdom.Dr.Lewis found that eating dark chocolate had longer lasting excitatory effects on the body than did kissing a romantic partner.From his statement, it is evident that Dr.Lewis:

Accepted Answer

A)  rejected the null hypothesis. 
B)  committed a Type I error. 
C)  failed to reject the null hypothesis. 
D)  committed a Type II error. 
A)  rejected the null hypothesis. 
B)  committed a Type I error. 
C)  failed to reject the null hypothesis. 
D)  committed a Type II error.

Question 8

A statement that postulates that two populations are NOT different from one another is a(n) _____ hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A)  null 
B)  research 
C)  illusory 
D)  control 
A)  null 
B)  research 
C)  illusory 
D)  control

Question 9

Some people used to believe that the intelligence of a person was related to their head size.If there is no actual association between these variables, this would be an example of a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  coincidence. 
B)  personal probability. 
C)  confirmation bias. 
D)  illusory correlation. 
A)  coincidence. 
B)  personal probability. 
C)  confirmation bias. 
D)  illusory correlation.

Question 10

When his boss asked him the likelihood that he would be able to produce the annual report by next Friday, Joshua told him that he was 90 percent likely to complete it by the deadline.Joshua's estimate is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a personal probability. 
B)  the expected relative-frequency probability. 
C)  an expected outcome. 
D)  generalizable. 
A)  a personal probability. 
B)  the expected relative-frequency probability. 
C)  an expected outcome. 
D)  generalizable.

Question 11

Volunteer samples are:

Accepted Answer

A)  preferred to random samples. 
B)  not preferred to random samples. 
C)  provide similar results to random samples. 
D)  allow for greater generalizability than random samples. 
A)  preferred to random samples. 
B)  not preferred to random samples. 
C)  provide similar results to random samples. 
D)  allow for greater generalizability than random samples.

Question 12

A goal of _____ is to generalize from a sample to a population and help to determine the probability of a given outcome.

Accepted Answer

A)  descriptive statistics 
B)  inferential statistics 
C)  validity 
D)  replication 
A)  descriptive statistics 
B)  inferential statistics 
C)  validity 
D)  replication

Question 13

A(n) _____ is a level of the _____ that receives a manipulation.

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental group; independent variable 
B)  independent variable; experimental group 
C)  control group; independent variable 
D)  independent variable; control group 
A)  experimental group; independent variable 
B)  independent variable; experimental group 
C)  control group; independent variable 
D)  independent variable; control group

Question 14

Brent tosses a quarter 4 times and 3 times it comes up heads.The percentage of heads is:

Accepted Answer

A)  0.75%. 
B)  7.5%. 
C)  75%. 
D)  50%. 
A)  0.75%. 
B)  7.5%. 
C)  75%. 
D)  50%.

Question 15

Random assignment differs from random selection because:

Accepted Answer

A)  random assignment deals with how participants for a study are chosen to begin with, whereas random selection deals with how participants in a sample are assigned to levels of the independent variable. 
B)  random assignment deals with how participants in a sample are assigned to levels of the independent variable, whereas random selection deals with how participants for a study are chosen to begin with. 
C)  random assignment is rarely achieved, but random selection is almost always achieved. 
D)  random assignment must be performed by the experimenter who is carrying out the study, but random selection can be carried out at the analysis stage. 
A)  random assignment deals with how participants for a study are chosen to begin with, whereas random selection deals with how participants in a sample are assigned to levels of the independent variable. 
B)  random assignment deals with how participants in a sample are assigned to levels of the independent variable, whereas random selection deals with how participants for a study are chosen to begin with. 
C)  random assignment is rarely achieved, but random selection is almost always achieved. 
D)  random assignment must be performed by the experimenter who is carrying out the study, but random selection can be carried out at the analysis stage.

Question 16

_____ refers to the occurrence of events over the long run, and _____ refers to the calculation of the number of successes divided by the number of trials.

Accepted Answer

A)  Proportion; percentage 
B)  Percentage; proportion 
C)  Probability; percentage 
D)  Probability; proportion 
A)  Proportion; percentage 
B)  Percentage; proportion 
C)  Probability; percentage 
D)  Probability; proportion

Question 17

A researcher is interested in the eventual divorce rates of people who live together before they get married compared to those who do not cohabitate before marriage.Any difference found between these groups would be of interest to the researcher, as well as to the popular media.Which statement is an appropriate null hypothesis for this research?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no difference in divorce rates between those who cohabitate and those who do not. 
B)  There is a difference in divorce rates between those who cohabitate and those who do not. 
C)  People who cohabitate before marriage have a divorce rate twice as high as those who do not. 
D)  People who do not cohabitate before marriage have a divorce rate twice as high as those who cohabitate. 
A)  There is no difference in divorce rates between those who cohabitate and those who do not. 
B)  There is a difference in divorce rates between those who cohabitate and those who do not. 
C)  People who cohabitate before marriage have a divorce rate twice as high as those who do not. 
D)  People who do not cohabitate before marriage have a divorce rate twice as high as those who cohabitate.

Question 18

One day, Megan's boyfriend accidentally text messaged her about meeting at the mall, even though they were in separate states.When she asked him about the text, he said it was intended for one of his friends, but seemed very defensive in his response.Megan concludes that her boyfriend is text messaging an old girlfriend.It turns out that he was texting a friend who works at a jewelry store because he is shopping for a ring for Megan.Megan's wrong conclusion represents a kind of _____ error.

Accepted Answer

A)  confirmation 
B)  Type II 
C)  random 
D)  Type I 
A)  confirmation 
B)  Type II 
C)  random 
D)  Type I

Question 19

Ethan once heard that wearing colorful socks helped release your positive energy toward others.Being the scientist that he is, he decided to put the claim to the test by running a well-designed study.He had 18 people wear colorful socks and another 18 people wear white socks.After carefully designing, collecting, and analyzing his data, he found no differences between the groups that he studied.Which of these represents failing to reject the null hypothesis, something he should NOT do?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that colorful socks do not help release your positive energy toward others. 
B)  Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the effect of colorful socks is not measureable. 
C)  Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that, based on this study, he did not observe an effect for colorful socks. 
D)  Reject the null hypothesis and conclude that colorful socks may benefit positive energy. 
A)  Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that colorful socks do not help release your positive energy toward others. 
B)  Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the effect of colorful socks is not measureable. 
C)  Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that, based on this study, he did not observe an effect for colorful socks. 
D)  Reject the null hypothesis and conclude that colorful socks may benefit positive energy.

Question 20

The expected outcome if an experiment is repeated many, many times is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  underlying probability. 
B)  reliable outcome. 
C)  expected relative-frequency probability. 
D)  expected outcome. 
A)  underlying probability. 
B)  reliable outcome. 
C)  expected relative-frequency probability. 
D)  expected outcome.

A false-positive pregnancy test is an example of a Type II error.

The statement "There was no significant difference between the intelligence test scores of men and women in the current study" supports the _____ hypothesis.

Jack and Hugo each bought a lottery ticket.Hugo's ticket is 4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42, and Jack's ticket is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.Who is more likely to win the lottery?

A researcher has conducted a study on logical reasoning using a sample of college freshmen and is concerned that the results of the study may not accurately depict the logical reasoning of college seniors.The researcher's concern can be described as a concern about the _____ of the study results.

A statement that postulates that two populations are NOT different from one another is a(n) _____ hypothesis.

Some people used to believe that the intelligence of a person was related to their head size.If there is no actual association between these variables, this would be an example of a(n):

When his boss asked him the likelihood that he would be able to produce the annual report by next Friday, Joshua told him that he was 90 percent likely to complete it by the deadline.Joshua's estimate is:

Volunteer samples are:

A goal of _____ is to generalize from a sample to a population and help to determine the probability of a given outcome.

A(n) _ is a level of the _ that receives a manipulation.

Brent tosses a quarter 4 times and 3 times it comes up heads.The percentage of heads is:

Random assignment differs from random selection because:

_ refers to the occurrence of events over the long run, and _ refers to the calculation of the number of successes divided by the number of trials.

The expected outcome if an experiment is repeated many, many times is the:

An Introduction to Statistics and Research Design

Frequency Distributions

Visual Displays of Data

Central Tendency and Variability

The Normal Curve, Standardization and Z Scores

Hypothesis Testing With Z Tests

Confidence Intervals, Effect Size, and Statistical Power

The Single-Sample T Test

The Paired-Samples T Test

The Independent-Samples T Test

One-Way Between-Groups Anova

One-Way Within-Groups Anova

Two-Way Between-Groups Anova

Correlation

Regression

Chi-Square Tess

Choosing and Reporting Statistics

Filters

Exam 5: Sampling and Probability

A false-positive pregnancy test is an example of a Type II error.

The statement "There was no significant difference between the intelligence test scores of men and women in the current study" supports the _____ hypothesis.

Jack and Hugo each bought a lottery ticket.Hugo's ticket is 4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42, and Jack's ticket is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.Who is more likely to win the lottery?

A researcher has conducted a study on logical reasoning using a sample of college freshmen and is concerned that the results of the study may not accurately depict the logical reasoning of college seniors.The researcher's concern can be described as a concern about the _____ of the study results.

A statement that postulates that two populations are NOT different from one another is a(n) _____ hypothesis.

Some people used to believe that the intelligence of a person was related to their head size.If there is no actual association between these variables, this would be an example of a(n):

When his boss asked him the likelihood that he would be able to produce the annual report by next Friday, Joshua told him that he was 90 percent likely to complete it by the deadline.Joshua's estimate is:

Volunteer samples are:

A goal of _____ is to generalize from a sample to a population and help to determine the probability of a given outcome.

A(n) _____ is a level of the _____ that receives a manipulation.

Brent tosses a quarter 4 times and 3 times it comes up heads.The percentage of heads is:

Random assignment differs from random selection because:

_____ refers to the occurrence of events over the long run, and _____ refers to the calculation of the number of successes divided by the number of trials.

The expected outcome if an experiment is repeated many, many times is the:

An Introduction to Statistics and Research Design

Frequency Distributions

Visual Displays of Data

Central Tendency and Variability

The Normal Curve, Standardization and Z Scores

Hypothesis Testing With Z Tests

Confidence Intervals, Effect Size, and Statistical Power

The Single-Sample T Test

The Paired-Samples T Test

The Independent-Samples T Test

One-Way Between-Groups Anova

One-Way Within-Groups Anova

Two-Way Between-Groups Anova

Correlation

Regression

Chi-Square Tess

Choosing and Reporting Statistics

Filters

A(n) _ is a level of the _ that receives a manipulation.

_ refers to the occurrence of events over the long run, and _ refers to the calculation of the number of successes divided by the number of trials.