Exam 5: Sampling and Probability

In a study of the effects of humor on memory, Schmidt (1994) had participants read either humorous sentences or non-humorous sentences and later tested participants' memory for the sentences.Identify the research hypothesis for this study.

Confirmation bias is the tendency to pay attention to evidence that goes against one's beliefs.

A Type I error is to a _____ as a Type II error is to a _____.

Two events are said to be independent events when:

A statement that postulates that two populations are different from one another is a(n) _____ hypothesis.

A researcher interested in the concept of preparedness sets up a booth at a local mall.Her idea is to compare men and women in terms of what they carry on their person, and to evaluate what types of events or issues they are prepared to handle based on what they are carrying with them.She has chosen a mall setting because people are readily available.In this sense, people at the mall are a:

Why are true random samples rarely used?

A recent study on reorientation produced dramatic results when researchers found that college students ignore obvious landmarks while reorienting in a small confined space and performing a verbal task at the same time.However, several other studies, using the same methods at different universities, have not been able to replicate this finding.Is this important?

A fellow student failed to replicate the bystander effect, a well-established effect in social psychology.Because this student failed to find a statistically significant difference in helping behaviors as the number of bystanders increased, it is possible that the student:

The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true is known as a _____ error.

The saying "a watched pot never boils" claims an association between the temperature at which water boils and spectator presence.This is an example of a(n):

Random samples are used more often in research than convenience samples.

Jenny hypothesized that older adults would score higher on emotional intelligence measures compared to younger adults in her study.If the results are in support of Jenny's hypothesis, she would:

A random numbers table or online generator is often used by researchers to create random selection or assignment because:

A researcher's decision regarding whether to reject the null hypothesis is based on:

Dr.Warren thinks that criminal justice students are better analytical writers than sociology students.Which statement would be his null hypothesis?

If a researcher rejects the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is in fact true, the researcher has:

As part of their work in a research methods class, a group of psychology students devised a survey to assess the relation between stress and health.Each member of the class administered the survey to 10 friends, and the data were then pooled.What method of sampling was used?

The text claims that journals tend to prefer "exciting" findings over "boring" ones.Because of the drive to publish new findings that go against the status quo, the literature is assumed to contain _____ errors.

_____ sampling or _____ sampling is a type of convenience sampling.