Question 1

Even with scale data, one may choose to run a nonparametric test when there is a small sample size and the data are skewed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The assumptions of the Mann-Whitney U test are that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the data are ordinal and randomly distributed. 
B)  participants are randomly selected and the population is symmetric. 
C)  the data are ordinal, the participants are randomly selected, and ideally no ranks are tied. 
D)  the data are ordinal, the participants are randomly selected, and the population is symmetric. 
A)  the data are ordinal and randomly distributed. 
B)  participants are randomly selected and the population is symmetric. 
C)  the data are ordinal, the participants are randomly selected, and ideally no ranks are tied. 
D)  the data are ordinal, the participants are randomly selected, and the population is symmetric.

Question 3

When using ordinal data, a nonparametric test instead of a parametric statistic is employed because ordinal variables are:

Accepted Answer

A)  based on absolute values that are not normally distributed. 
B)  not as scientific as scale data. 
C)  based on rankings and will not be normally distributed. 
D)  normally distributed. 
A)  based on absolute values that are not normally distributed. 
B)  not as scientific as scale data. 
C)  based on rankings and will not be normally distributed. 
D)  normally distributed.

Question 4

When using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, reject the null hypothesis only when the _____ of the two calculated statistics is equal to or _____ than the critical value.

Accepted Answer

A)  smaller; less 
B)  larger; less 
C)  smaller; greater 
D)  larger; greater 
A)  smaller; less 
B)  larger; less 
C)  smaller; greater 
D)  larger; greater

Question 5

The Mann-Whitney U test would be used in which of these examples?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ranked job satisfaction was compared for members of five different work teams. 
B)  Ranked job satisfaction was compared for the same eight women before and after they had a child. 
C)  Ranked job satisfaction was compared for males and females at a local business. 
D)  Job satisfaction as a scale variable is compared for three different work teams. 
A)  Ranked job satisfaction was compared for members of five different work teams. 
B)  Ranked job satisfaction was compared for the same eight women before and after they had a child. 
C)  Ranked job satisfaction was compared for males and females at a local business. 
D)  Job satisfaction as a scale variable is compared for three different work teams.

Question 6

To quantify the strength of association between an ordinal and a scale variable, first transform the scale variable into an ordinal variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

A sample of 10 men and 12 women are compared on their ranked life satisfaction.Which of these is the research hypothesis for this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Men and women do not tend to differ in ranked life satisfaction. 
B)  Men and women tend to differ in ranked life satisfaction. 
C)  There is a relationship between gender and ranked life satisfaction. 
D)  The distributions of ranked life satisfaction for men and women are the same. 
A)  Men and women do not tend to differ in ranked life satisfaction. 
B)  Men and women tend to differ in ranked life satisfaction. 
C)  There is a relationship between gender and ranked life satisfaction. 
D)  The distributions of ranked life satisfaction for men and women are the same.

Question 8

You are interested in attempting to replicate the results of a 1973 study by Belmont and Marolla that found a negative correlation between birth order and IQ.You collect the necessary data using students in your school's participant pool.Which technique would you use to analyze your data?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient 
B)  Pearson correlation coefficient 
C)  Mann-Whitney U test 
D)  Kruskal-Wallis H test 
A)  Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient 
B)  Pearson correlation coefficient 
C)  Mann-Whitney U test 
D)  Kruskal-Wallis H test

Question 9

A Pearson correlation coefficient of -0.72 indicates a strong negative correlation, and a Spearman correlation coefficient of -0.72 indicates _____ correlation.

Accepted Answer

A)  a strong positive 
B)  no 
C)  a strong negative 
D)  a weak positive 
A)  a strong positive 
B)  no 
C)  a strong negative 
D)  a weak positive

Question 10

A statistical process in which original sample data are used to represent an entire population through repeated sampling is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothesis testing. 
B)  inferential statistics. 
C)  parametric estimation. 
D)  bootstrapping. 
A)  hypothesis testing. 
B)  inferential statistics. 
C)  parametric estimation. 
D)  bootstrapping.

Question 11

A Spearman's correlation coefficient can range from _____ to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  0; 1.00 
B)  -1.00; 0 
C)  -1.00; 1.00 
D)  -10.00; 10.00 
A)  0; 1.00 
B)  -1.00; 0 
C)  -1.00; 1.00 
D)  -10.00; 10.00

Question 12

To calculate a Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient, first convert both variables to ranks.After that:

Accepted Answer

A)  compute the difference between each pair of ranks. 
B)  sum the ranks for each pair. 
C)  square the ranks and add them together. 
D)  subtract the mean from each score and square the sum. 
A)  compute the difference between each pair of ranks. 
B)  sum the ranks for each pair. 
C)  square the ranks and add them together. 
D)  subtract the mean from each score and square the sum.

Question 13

What is the formula for the Spearman's correlation coefficient?

Accepted Answer

A)  $r _ { s } = 1 - \frac { N \left( \sum D \right) } { N \left( N ^ { 2 } - 1 \right) }$ 
B)  $r _ { s } = 1 - \frac { 6 \left( \sum D \right) } { N \left( N ^ { 2 } - 1 \right) }$ 
C)  $r _ { s } = 1 - \frac { N \left( \sum D ^ { 2 } \right) } { N \left( N ^ { 2 } - 1 \right) }$ 
D)  $r _ { s } = 1 - \frac { 6 \left( \sum D ^ { 2 } \right) } { N \left( N ^ { 2 } - 1 \right) }$ 
A)  $r _ { s } = 1 - \frac { N \left( \sum D \right) } { N \left( N ^ { 2 } - 1 \right) }$ 
B)  $r _ { s } = 1 - \frac { 6 \left( \sum D \right) } { N \left( N ^ { 2 } - 1 \right) }$ 
C)  $r _ { s } = 1 - \frac { N \left( \sum D ^ { 2 } \right) } { N \left( N ^ { 2 } - 1 \right) }$ 
D)  $r _ { s } = 1 - \frac { 6 \left( \sum D ^ { 2 } \right) } { N \left( N ^ { 2 } - 1 \right) }$

Question 14

The Wilcoxon signed-rank test examines matched pairs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The assumptions of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test are that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the difference between pairs of scores can be ranked, participants are randomly selected, and the population distribution of differences is symmetric. 
B)  the mean difference between pairs of scores is 0, participants are randomly selected, and the population is symmetric. 
C)  participants are randomly selected and the population is symmetric. 
D)  the mean of the population of difference scores is 0 and its distribution is symmetric. 
A)  the difference between pairs of scores can be ranked, participants are randomly selected, and the population distribution of differences is symmetric. 
B)  the mean difference between pairs of scores is 0, participants are randomly selected, and the population is symmetric. 
C)  participants are randomly selected and the population is symmetric. 
D)  the mean of the population of difference scores is 0 and its distribution is symmetric.

Question 16

Now that you are an adult, you decide to test one of the truisms passed along by your mother: "Cheaters never win in the end." You randomly assign a group of 20 children to either cheat or to play fair on a scavenger hunt.You then rank the children by how many items they were able to get during the scavenger hunt.Which technique would you use to analyze the data to determine whether cheaters finish differently than non-cheaters?

Accepted Answer

A)  independent-samples t test 
B)  paired-samples t test 
C)  Wilcoxon signed-rank test 
D)  Mann-Whitney U test 
A)  independent-samples t test 
B)  paired-samples t test 
C)  Wilcoxon signed-rank test 
D)  Mann-Whitney U test

Question 17

The H distribution for the Kruskal-Wallis H test is very close to the _____ distribution, so the latter is often used for determining the critical values for the Kruskal-Wallis H test.

Accepted Answer

A)  F 
B)  t 
C)  T 
D)  chi-square 
A)  F 
B)  t 
C)  T 
D)  chi-square

Question 18

The Mann-Whitney U test is the nonparametric test used when assumptions for the _____ are violated, because it is the parallel to this parametric statistic.

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent-samples t test 
B)  independent-samples t test 
C)  standardized z test 
D)  one-way ANOVA 
A)  dependent-samples t test 
B)  independent-samples t test 
C)  standardized z test 
D)  one-way ANOVA

Question 19

The Mann-Whitney U test has three assumptions: the data are ordinal, random selection is used, and ideally no ranks are tied.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

One of the assumptions of the Mann-Whitney U test is that there are no ties.If there are ties in the data set:

Accepted Answer

A)  do not use the Mann-Whitney U test. 
B)  use the Mann-Whitney U test if there are just a few ties as it is robust to violations of this assumption. 
C)  use the Mann-Whitney U test anyway, even if you have lots of ties in your data since it is robust to this assumption. 
D)  use the Kruskal-Wallis H test instead. 
A)  do not use the Mann-Whitney U test. 
B)  use the Mann-Whitney U test if there are just a few ties as it is robust to violations of this assumption. 
C)  use the Mann-Whitney U test anyway, even if you have lots of ties in your data since it is robust to this assumption. 
D)  use the Kruskal-Wallis H test instead.

Even with scale data, one may choose to run a nonparametric test when there is a small sample size and the data are skewed.

The assumptions of the Mann-Whitney U test are that:

When using ordinal data, a nonparametric test instead of a parametric statistic is employed because ordinal variables are:

When using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, reject the null hypothesis only when the _ of the two calculated statistics is equal to or _ than the critical value.

The Mann-Whitney U test would be used in which of these examples?

To quantify the strength of association between an ordinal and a scale variable, first transform the scale variable into an ordinal variable.

A sample of 10 men and 12 women are compared on their ranked life satisfaction.Which of these is the research hypothesis for this study?

You are interested in attempting to replicate the results of a 1973 study by Belmont and Marolla that found a negative correlation between birth order and IQ.You collect the necessary data using students in your school's participant pool.Which technique would you use to analyze your data?

A Pearson correlation coefficient of -0.72 indicates a strong negative correlation, and a Spearman correlation coefficient of -0.72 indicates _____ correlation.

A statistical process in which original sample data are used to represent an entire population through repeated sampling is called:

A Spearman's correlation coefficient can range from _ to _.

To calculate a Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient, first convert both variables to ranks.After that:

What is the formula for the Spearman's correlation coefficient?

The Wilcoxon signed-rank test examines matched pairs.

The assumptions of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test are that:

The H distribution for the Kruskal-Wallis H test is very close to the _____ distribution, so the latter is often used for determining the critical values for the Kruskal-Wallis H test.

The Mann-Whitney U test is the nonparametric test used when assumptions for the _____ are violated, because it is the parallel to this parametric statistic.

The Mann-Whitney U test has three assumptions: the data are ordinal, random selection is used, and ideally no ranks are tied.

One of the assumptions of the Mann-Whitney U test is that there are no ties.If there are ties in the data set:

An Introduction to Statistics and Research Design

Frequency Distributions

Visual Displays of Data

Central Tendency and Variability

Sampling and Probability

The Normal Curve, Standardization and Z Scores

Hypothesis Testing With Z Tests

Confidence Intervals, Effect Size, and Statistical Power

The Single-Sample T Test

The Paired-Samples T Test

The Independent-Samples T Test

One-Way Between-Groups Anova

One-Way Within-Groups Anova

Two-Way Between-Groups Anova

Correlation

Regression

Chi-Square Tess

Filters

Exam 18: Choosing and Reporting Statistics

Even with scale data, one may choose to run a nonparametric test when there is a small sample size and the data are skewed.

The assumptions of the Mann-Whitney U test are that:

When using ordinal data, a nonparametric test instead of a parametric statistic is employed because ordinal variables are:

When using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, reject the null hypothesis only when the _____ of the two calculated statistics is equal to or _____ than the critical value.

The Mann-Whitney U test would be used in which of these examples?

To quantify the strength of association between an ordinal and a scale variable, first transform the scale variable into an ordinal variable.

A sample of 10 men and 12 women are compared on their ranked life satisfaction.Which of these is the research hypothesis for this study?

You are interested in attempting to replicate the results of a 1973 study by Belmont and Marolla that found a negative correlation between birth order and IQ.You collect the necessary data using students in your school's participant pool.Which technique would you use to analyze your data?

A Pearson correlation coefficient of -0.72 indicates a strong negative correlation, and a Spearman correlation coefficient of -0.72 indicates _____ correlation.

A statistical process in which original sample data are used to represent an entire population through repeated sampling is called:

A Spearman's correlation coefficient can range from _____ to _____.

To calculate a Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient, first convert both variables to ranks.After that:

What is the formula for the Spearman's correlation coefficient?

The Wilcoxon signed-rank test examines matched pairs.

The assumptions of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test are that:

The H distribution for the Kruskal-Wallis H test is very close to the _____ distribution, so the latter is often used for determining the critical values for the Kruskal-Wallis H test.

The Mann-Whitney U test is the nonparametric test used when assumptions for the _____ are violated, because it is the parallel to this parametric statistic.

The Mann-Whitney U test has three assumptions: the data are ordinal, random selection is used, and ideally no ranks are tied.

One of the assumptions of the Mann-Whitney U test is that there are no ties.If there are ties in the data set:

An Introduction to Statistics and Research Design

Frequency Distributions

Visual Displays of Data

Central Tendency and Variability

Sampling and Probability

The Normal Curve, Standardization and Z Scores

Hypothesis Testing With Z Tests

Confidence Intervals, Effect Size, and Statistical Power

The Single-Sample T Test

The Paired-Samples T Test

The Independent-Samples T Test

One-Way Between-Groups Anova

One-Way Within-Groups Anova

Two-Way Between-Groups Anova

Correlation

Regression

Chi-Square Tess

Filters

When using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, reject the null hypothesis only when the _ of the two calculated statistics is equal to or _ than the critical value.

A Spearman's correlation coefficient can range from _ to _.