Exam 18: Choosing and Reporting Statistics

When comparing two groups in which each participant gets a score for each level of the ordinal independent variable (a within-groups design), the best nonparametric test to use is the:

A Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.72 indicates a strong positive correlation, and a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.72 indicates _____ correlation.

The nonparametric equivalent of the paired-samples t test is the:

Blake is interested in training for his first marathon and wants to determine whether the finishing time of non-elite marathon runners depends on the type of training program used.There are three training programs he is interested in comparing: Hal Higdon's, Jeff Galloway's, and Art Liberman's.Blake is able to track down 30 runners, 10 who have used Higdon's, 10 who have used Galloway's, and 10 who have used Liberman's.Blake asks the runners for their marathon finishing times.What statistic should he use to analyze his data?

One of the assumptions of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test is that the distribution of the population of difference scores is:

Bootstrapping involves using limited sample data to represent the entire population through repeated sampling.

One should fail to reject the null hypothesis using the Kruskal-Wallis H test when the calculated H statistic is _____ the critical value.

To determine the critical cutoff for Mann-Whitney U, which of these must be known?

A sample of 13 women who have been competing in beauty pageants since they were young girls is found.In total, they have all competed in a youth pageant and a young adult pageant at some time.Information about their relative standing in each of those pageants is available.What analysis could be used to investigate whether relative standing differed across the two time periods?

Does the number of points a person earns on the final exam in statistics depend on whether the person is a member of a Greek organization? In three statistics classes, data is collected on the final exam points of students belonging to Greek organizations and of students who do not belong.Which technique would be used to analyze the data?

If a researcher is planning to perform a parametric test on scale data but finds it is not normally distributed, what should be done?

Four different sports teams are compared for the athleticism of their members.The data on athleticism is available as ranks only.What would be the critical cutoff for the Kruskal-Wallis test on these data, assuming a p level of 0.05?

Does a person's letter grade in statistics depend on whether he or she is a member of a Greek organization? In three statistics classes, data is collected on the letter grades of students belonging to Greek organizations and of students who are not members.Which of these is the null hypothesis for this study?

A sample of 10 men and 12 women are compared on their ranked life satisfaction.Which of these is the null hypothesis for this study?

The Mann-Whitney U test is the nonparametric equivalent of the independent-samples t test.

A Mann-Whitney U test is used to compare two groups of 18 on ranked athleticism.Which of these U test statistics would be considered significant?

When transforming scale data to ordinal data, if two people have exactly the same score, what is their rank?

A researcher is transforming finishing times from a 5K race into ordinal data and has the following scores in minutes: 17.6, 25.3, 18.4, 28.2, 32.6, 31.5, and 25.3.If the researcher ranks from fastest to slowest, what would be the rank of the two people with a finish time of 25.3?

A Spearman correlation of r_s = -0.30 between birth order and IQ means that:

The Kruskal-Wallis H test has four assumptions that must be met.