Question 1

The Kruskal-Wallis H test has two assumptions that must be met.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

One should reject the null hypothesis using the Kruskal-Wallis H test when the calculated H statistic is _____ the critical value.

Accepted Answer

A)  less than or equal to 
B)  greater than 
C)  five times 
D)  less than five times 
A)  less than or equal to 
B)  greater than 
C)  five times 
D)  less than five times

Question 3

The nonparametric equivalent for the independent-samples t-test is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Spearman correlation. 
B)  Kruskal-Wallis H test. 
C)  Mann-Whitney U test. 
D)  Wilcoxon signed-rank test. 
A)  Spearman correlation. 
B)  Kruskal-Wallis H test. 
C)  Mann-Whitney U test. 
D)  Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Question 4

There is rarely an established nonparametric alternative to a parametric test.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The Mann-Whitney U test is the nonparametric equivalent of the one-way between-groups ANOVA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The comparison distribution for the Wilcoxon signed-rank test is the _____ distribution.

Accepted Answer

A)  t 
B)  F 
C)  z 
D)  T 
A)  t 
B)  F 
C)  z 
D)  T

Question 7

The process of bootstrapping requires:

Accepted Answer

A)  sampling without replacement. 
B)  access to the entire population of scores. 
C)  performing a log transformation of all scores. 
D)  sampling with replacement. 
A)  sampling without replacement. 
B)  access to the entire population of scores. 
C)  performing a log transformation of all scores. 
D)  sampling with replacement.

Question 8

Sue is converting scale data to ordinal rankings.She has organized the data from highest to lowest but does not know what to do with two data points that have the same value of 12.8.The two scores would hold the 5th and 6th ranks.What should she do?

Accepted Answer

A)  Randomly assign one value to the rank of 5 and the other to 6. 
B)  Assign whichever is first on the list to the rank of 5 and the other to the rank of 6. 
C)  Use a rank of 5.5 for both. 
D)  Use a rank of 5 for both. 
A)  Randomly assign one value to the rank of 5 and the other to 6. 
B)  Assign whichever is first on the list to the rank of 5 and the other to the rank of 6. 
C)  Use a rank of 5.5 for both. 
D)  Use a rank of 5 for both.

Question 9

The Kruskal-Wallis test result, H, is compared to the chi-square distribution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

When comparing three or more levels of an independent variable for an ordinal dependent variable, one should use a _____ test, specifically _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  nonparametric; the Mann-Whitney U test 
B)  nonparametric; the Kruskal-Wallis H test 
C)  parametric; a one-way ANOVA 
D)  parametric; the Wilcoxon signed-rank test 
A)  nonparametric; the Mann-Whitney U test 
B)  nonparametric; the Kruskal-Wallis H test 
C)  parametric; a one-way ANOVA 
D)  parametric; the Wilcoxon signed-rank test

Question 11

Does a person's letter grade in statistics depend on whether he or she is a member of a Greek organization? In three statistics classes, data is collected on the letter grades of students belonging to Greek organizations and of students who are not members.Which of these is the research hypothesis for this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Members and nonmembers of Greek organizations do not tend to differ in letter grades. 
B)  Members and nonmembers of Greek organizations tend to differ in letter grades. 
C)  There is a relationship between Greek organization membership and letter grade. 
D)  The distributions of letter grades for members and nonmembers of Greek organizations is the same. 
A)  Members and nonmembers of Greek organizations do not tend to differ in letter grades. 
B)  Members and nonmembers of Greek organizations tend to differ in letter grades. 
C)  There is a relationship between Greek organization membership and letter grade. 
D)  The distributions of letter grades for members and nonmembers of Greek organizations is the same.

Question 12

Three different ethnic groups are compared on their ranked language skills and an H statistic of 7.1 is computed.What conclusion could be made about a hypothesis test at a p level of 0.05?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reject the null hypothesis and conclude there are differences among these groups for ranked language skills. 
B)  Reject the null hypothesis and conclude that all three groups are significantly different from each other. 
C)  Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude no differences exist. 
D)  Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude there was no statistical power. 
A)  Reject the null hypothesis and conclude there are differences among these groups for ranked language skills. 
B)  Reject the null hypothesis and conclude that all three groups are significantly different from each other. 
C)  Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude no differences exist. 
D)  Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude there was no statistical power.

Question 13

What is the formula for the Kruskal-Wallis H test?

Accepted Answer

A)  $\left[ \frac { 12 } { N ( N + 1 ) } \right] \left[ \sum n ( M - G M ) ^ { 2 } \right]$ 
B)  $\left[ \frac { 12 } { N ( N + 1 ) } \right] \left[ \sum n ( M - G M ) \right]$ 
C)  $\left[ \sum n ( M - G M ) ^ { 2 } \right]$ 
D)  $\left[ \frac { N } { N ( N + 1 ) } \right] \left[ \sum n ( M - G M ) \right]$ 
A)  $\left[ \frac { 12 } { N ( N + 1 ) } \right] \left[ \sum n ( M - G M ) ^ { 2 } \right]$ 
B)  $\left[ \frac { 12 } { N ( N + 1 ) } \right] \left[ \sum n ( M - G M ) \right]$ 
C)  $\left[ \sum n ( M - G M ) ^ { 2 } \right]$ 
D)  $\left[ \frac { N } { N ( N + 1 ) } \right] \left[ \sum n ( M - G M ) \right]$

Question 14

The Wilcoxin signed-rank test is the nonparametric equivalent of the paired-samples t test.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The paired scores for a Wilcoxon signed-rank test were 1, 1; 2, 4; 5, 2; 2, 1; 4, 4; 3, 5; 4, 3.What is the sample size for this test?

Accepted Answer

A)  5 
B)  10 
C)  4 
D)  1 
A)  5 
B)  10 
C)  4 
D)  1

Question 16

Jasmine wonders whether the ratings for movies that are dramas differ, on average, from the ratings of movies that are comedies.She retrieves the ratings of five comedies and five dramas from the Internet Movie Database (IMDB).The $\ \Sigma $R for drama is 32 and $\ \Sigma $R for comedies is 23.Using a p level of 0.05, what conclusion should be drawn on the basis of these results?

Accepted Answer

A)  Given that the largest of the $\ \Sigma $R (32) is greater than the critical value of 2, reject the null hypothesis.The ratings of dramas and comedies differ. 
B)  Given that the smallest U (U = 8) is not equal to or less than the critical value of 2, fail to reject the null hypothesis.There is no evidence that the ratings of dramas and comedies differ. 
C)  Given that the smallest of the $\ \Sigma $R (23) is greater than the critical value of 2, reject the null hypothesis.The ratings of dramas and comedies differ. 
D)  Given that the smallest of the $\ \Sigma $R (23) is not equal to or less than the critical value of 2, fail to reject the null hypothesis.There is no evidence that the ratings of dramas and comedies differ. 
A)  Given that the largest of the $\ \Sigma $R (32) is greater than the critical value of 2, reject the null hypothesis.The ratings of dramas and comedies differ. 
B)  Given that the smallest U (U = 8) is not equal to or less than the critical value of 2, fail to reject the null hypothesis.There is no evidence that the ratings of dramas and comedies differ. 
C)  Given that the smallest of the $\ \Sigma $R (23) is greater than the critical value of 2, reject the null hypothesis.The ratings of dramas and comedies differ. 
D)  Given that the smallest of the $\ \Sigma $R (23) is not equal to or less than the critical value of 2, fail to reject the null hypothesis.There is no evidence that the ratings of dramas and comedies differ.

Question 17

Using a p level of 0.05, a researcher performed the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with a sample size of 10 and found that ∑R+ = 3 and ∑R- = 9.Which statement accurately describes the results of this hypothesis test?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because T = 9, the researcher failed to reject the null hypothesis. 
B)  Because T = 9, the researcher rejected the null hypothesis. 
C)  Because T = 3, the researcher rejected the null hypothesis. 
D)  Because T = 3, the researcher failed to reject the null hypothesis. 
A)  Because T = 9, the researcher failed to reject the null hypothesis. 
B)  Because T = 9, the researcher rejected the null hypothesis. 
C)  Because T = 3, the researcher rejected the null hypothesis. 
D)  Because T = 3, the researcher failed to reject the null hypothesis.

Question 18

The paired scores for a Wilcoxon signed-rank test were: 1, 1; 2, 2; 5, 3; 3, 5; 2, 4; 4, 4.What is the sample size for this test?

Accepted Answer

A)  6 
B)  4 
C)  3 
D)  2 
A)  6 
B)  4 
C)  3 
D)  2

Question 19

The International Rugby Board calculates test statistics for a Mann-Whitney U test on tall versus short rugby players and the average ranking for number of goals they score in a season.The smaller calculated test value of the two groups is 5, and the critical value or cutoff for the test is 3.What can the board conclude?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tall rugby players and short rugby players differ in average goals per season. 
B)  Height of the players is strongly correlated with number of goals scored in a rugby game per season. 
C)  Short rugby players do not score goals very often. 
D)  There is insufficient evidence that tall and short rugby players differ in average goals per season. 
A)  Tall rugby players and short rugby players differ in average goals per season. 
B)  Height of the players is strongly correlated with number of goals scored in a rugby game per season. 
C)  Short rugby players do not score goals very often. 
D)  There is insufficient evidence that tall and short rugby players differ in average goals per season.

Question 20

A researcher wants to examine the relation between class rank and popularity among peers.Class rank is provided by the school and includes each student's rank in order.The researcher assesses popularity using a likability measure that provides scale data.What does the researcher need to do to the data before calculating a statistic using a nonparametric test?

Accepted Answer

A)  compute difference scores 
B)  convert the scale data to ordinal data 
C)  subtract the mean from each score 
D)  standardize the scores 
A)  compute difference scores 
B)  convert the scale data to ordinal data 
C)  subtract the mean from each score 
D)  standardize the scores

The Kruskal-Wallis H test has two assumptions that must be met.

One should reject the null hypothesis using the Kruskal-Wallis H test when the calculated H statistic is _____ the critical value.

The nonparametric equivalent for the independent-samples t-test is the:

There is rarely an established nonparametric alternative to a parametric test.

The Mann-Whitney U test is the nonparametric equivalent of the one-way between-groups ANOVA.

The comparison distribution for the Wilcoxon signed-rank test is the _____ distribution.

The process of bootstrapping requires:

Sue is converting scale data to ordinal rankings.She has organized the data from highest to lowest but does not know what to do with two data points that have the same value of 12.8.The two scores would hold the 5th and 6th ranks.What should she do?

The Kruskal-Wallis test result, H, is compared to the chi-square distribution.

When comparing three or more levels of an independent variable for an ordinal dependent variable, one should use a _ test, specifically _.

Three different ethnic groups are compared on their ranked language skills and an H statistic of 7.1 is computed.What conclusion could be made about a hypothesis test at a p level of 0.05?

What is the formula for the Kruskal-Wallis H test?

The Wilcoxin signed-rank test is the nonparametric equivalent of the paired-samples t test.

The paired scores for a Wilcoxon signed-rank test were 1, 1; 2, 4; 5, 2; 2, 1; 4, 4; 3, 5; 4, 3.What is the sample size for this test?

Using a p level of 0.05, a researcher performed the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with a sample size of 10 and found that ∑R₊ = 3 and ∑R_- = 9.Which statement accurately describes the results of this hypothesis test?

The paired scores for a Wilcoxon signed-rank test were: 1, 1; 2, 2; 5, 3; 3, 5; 2, 4; 4, 4.What is the sample size for this test?

An Introduction to Statistics and Research Design

Frequency Distributions

Visual Displays of Data

Central Tendency and Variability

Sampling and Probability

The Normal Curve, Standardization and Z Scores

Hypothesis Testing With Z Tests

Confidence Intervals, Effect Size, and Statistical Power

The Single-Sample T Test

The Paired-Samples T Test

The Independent-Samples T Test

One-Way Between-Groups Anova

One-Way Within-Groups Anova

Two-Way Between-Groups Anova

Correlation

Regression

Chi-Square Tess

Filters

Exam 18: Choosing and Reporting Statistics

The Kruskal-Wallis H test has two assumptions that must be met.

One should reject the null hypothesis using the Kruskal-Wallis H test when the calculated H statistic is _____ the critical value.

The nonparametric equivalent for the independent-samples t-test is the:

There is rarely an established nonparametric alternative to a parametric test.

The Mann-Whitney U test is the nonparametric equivalent of the one-way between-groups ANOVA.

The comparison distribution for the Wilcoxon signed-rank test is the _____ distribution.

The process of bootstrapping requires:

Sue is converting scale data to ordinal rankings.She has organized the data from highest to lowest but does not know what to do with two data points that have the same value of 12.8.The two scores would hold the 5th and 6th ranks.What should she do?

The Kruskal-Wallis test result, H, is compared to the chi-square distribution.

When comparing three or more levels of an independent variable for an ordinal dependent variable, one should use a _____ test, specifically _____.

Three different ethnic groups are compared on their ranked language skills and an H statistic of 7.1 is computed.What conclusion could be made about a hypothesis test at a p level of 0.05?

What is the formula for the Kruskal-Wallis H test?

The Wilcoxin signed-rank test is the nonparametric equivalent of the paired-samples t test.

The paired scores for a Wilcoxon signed-rank test were 1, 1; 2, 4; 5, 2; 2, 1; 4, 4; 3, 5; 4, 3.What is the sample size for this test?

Using a p level of 0.05, a researcher performed the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with a sample size of 10 and found that ∑R+ = 3 and ∑R- = 9.Which statement accurately describes the results of this hypothesis test?

The paired scores for a Wilcoxon signed-rank test were: 1, 1; 2, 2; 5, 3; 3, 5; 2, 4; 4, 4.What is the sample size for this test?

An Introduction to Statistics and Research Design

Frequency Distributions

Visual Displays of Data

Central Tendency and Variability

Sampling and Probability

The Normal Curve, Standardization and Z Scores

Hypothesis Testing With Z Tests

Confidence Intervals, Effect Size, and Statistical Power

The Single-Sample T Test

The Paired-Samples T Test

The Independent-Samples T Test

One-Way Between-Groups Anova

One-Way Within-Groups Anova

Two-Way Between-Groups Anova

Correlation

Regression

Chi-Square Tess

Filters

When comparing three or more levels of an independent variable for an ordinal dependent variable, one should use a _ test, specifically _.

Using a p level of 0.05, a researcher performed the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with a sample size of 10 and found that ∑R₊ = 3 and ∑R_- = 9.Which statement accurately describes the results of this hypothesis test?