Chat with AIExam 5: Paying Attention
An example of the difference between perception and conscious perception is shown by Moore and Egeth (1997), who showed participants a display containing two horizontal lines and a series of surrounding dots. In one trial the lines and dots were arranged to produce the Müller-Lyer illusion (an illusion that causes two same-length lines to look different in length). In this experiment, most participants were
(31) 
VerifiedC
Is attention space-based or object-based? Include evidence from patients with unilateral neglect in your answer.
(38) 
Answered by Examlex AI CopilotThe debate over whether attention is space-based or object-based has been a topic of interest in cognitive psychology and neuroscience. Attention can be described as the cognitive process of selectively concentrating on one aspect of the environment while ignoring other things. The distinction between space-based and object-based attention refers to whether attention is oriented to locations in space or to specific objects, regardless of their location.
Evidence from patients with unilateral neglect, a condition often resulting from damage to the right parietal lobe, has been used to explore this question. Unilateral neglect is characterized by a lack of awareness or attention to objects or events on the side opposite the brain lesion, typically the left side. This condition provides a unique opportunity to study the mechanisms of attention.
Space-based attention would suggest that patients with unilateral neglect ignore all stimuli on the contralateral side of space. Indeed, many patients with unilateral neglect behave as if the left side of space does not exist, failing to eat food from the left side of their plate or to dress the left side of their body, which supports the space-based theory of attention.
However, there is also evidence for object-based attention in these patients. For example, when patients with unilateral neglect are presented with an object that is initially on their neglected side and then rotated to their non-neglected side without changing its orientation, they may still neglect the left side of the object, even though it is now located in their attended space. This suggests that their attention is oriented to the object itself rather than the space it occupies.
Further experiments have shown that neglect can also be object-centered. For instance, when patients are shown two superimposed objects and asked to attend to one, they may neglect parts of the attended object if those parts fall within the neglected space, indicating that their attention can be anchored to objects rather than just spatial locations.
In summary, evidence from patients with unilateral neglect suggests that attention can be both space-based and object-based. The manifestation of neglect can depend on the context and the nature of the task, indicating that attentional processes are flexible and can operate over both spatial and object-centered representations. This dual nature of attention allows for a more adaptive interaction with the environment, as it enables individuals to focus on relevant objects regardless of their spatial location, while also being able to attend to regions of space when necessary.
Attention is best characterized as a(n)
(42) VerifiedD
If we overload attention by giving someone too much to do, we would expect to see what change in feature-binding abilities?
(39) There are several reasons why practice can improve performance. Which of the following statements is NOT a good reason?
(34) Jillian is participating in an experiment in which she was asked to shadow a message presented to the left ear while simultaneously ignoring a message presented to the right ear. Jillian is LEAST likely to detect which of the following changes in the signals?
(39) In a study of visual selection, participants were shown a video of people throwing and catching a ball. Some of the people were wearing white shirts and some were wearing black shirts. Participants were asked to attend only to the group of people wearing white shirts and count the number of times they threw the ball. In this study, participants
(37) Patty is asked to find a red square among a display that also contains blue squares and red circles. This task requires what kind of search process?
(36) Participants are shown a pair of similar pictures separated by a blank interval. The pictures are identical except for a single aspect (e.g., a man is wearing a hat in one scene but not in the other). In these kinds of tasks, participants often find it hard to detect the change. This phenomenon is known as change
(34) A participant is shown a series of stimuli and is asked to name the color of the ink in which the stimuli are printed. The eighth stimulus happens to be printed in green ink. We should expect a relatively slow response if the stimulus happens to be
(37) Some researchers have compared visual attention to a searchlight beam sweeping across the visual field. Which of the following claims about this beam is NOT currently supported by evidence?
(42) A patient has suffered brain damage and, as a result, now seems to ignore all information on the left side of her world. If shown words, she reads only the right half of the word; if asked to copy a picture, she copies only the right half. This patient seems to be suffering from
(31) If attention is like a spotlight, then feature search is a(n) ________ spotlight, while a search for a combination of features is a ________ spotlight.
(34) Marcus is searching for a red square among an array of red and blue squares. Marcus is easily (and quickly) able to identify the red square because he is engaged in a ________ search.
(36) Imagine you are studying for an upcoming final exam. You can't help but try and multitask while you are studying. Provide one example of a task that you probably could successfully do while studying and one you could not. Explain how the nature of the resource should contribute to your success or failure.
Participants are shown pictures of two alternating scenes that are separated by a brief blank interval. The scenes are identical except for one small detail. In this, case participants find it hard to detect the change. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true?
(32) Which situation is the most difficult (and most dangerous)?
(37) In a study of spatial attention, participants are shown a neutral cue, a high-validity prime (correctly predicting the location of the target 80% of the time), or a misleading cue to prime the location of an upcoming target. Which of the following statements is true?
(28) You have undoubtedly heard the phrase "practice makes perfect." Argue for or against this adage by discussing the role that attention plays in behavior, and how that could be modified (or not) via practice.
(36) Describe the cognitive processes and the neural correlates that are involved in attention. How might these processes or systems differ in someone with ADHD?
Filters
- Essay(0)
- Multiple Choice(0)
- Short Answer(0)
- True False(0)
- Matching(0)