Question 1

Which of these tasks is LEAST likely to be resolved with the use of unconscious processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  a task that can be guided by habits 
B)  a task that involves an already established routine 
C)  a task that elicits strong stimulus-based actions 
D)  a task that has been previously well practiced but needs to be changed for a particular occasion 
A)  a task that can be guided by habits 
B)  a task that involves an already established routine 
C)  a task that elicits strong stimulus-based actions 
D)  a task that has been previously well practiced but needs to be changed for a particular occasion D

Question 2

What does consciousness tell us about the nature of introspection? Can we be trusted to know about the mental processes in which we engage? Why or why not? Provide examples to justify your position.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary.

Question 3

In order to detect that a red shape was moving, it is likely that

Accepted Answer

A)  the neural system detecting motion and the neural system detecting the color red were both firing in synchrony. 
B)  only the neural system detecting the color red was firing, as color is visually more important than motion. 
C)  only the neural system detecting motion was firing, as motion is visually more important than color. 
D)  the neural system detecting motion and the neural system detecting the color red were both firing but at an asynchronous rate. 
A)  the neural system detecting motion and the neural system detecting the color red were both firing in synchrony. 
B)  only the neural system detecting the color red was firing, as color is visually more important than motion. 
C)  only the neural system detecting motion was firing, as motion is visually more important than color. 
D)  the neural system detecting motion and the neural system detecting the color red were both firing but at an asynchronous rate. A

Question 4

The neuronal workspace helps us with all of the following EXCEPT that it

Accepted Answer

A)  allows us to think of a stimulus or idea long after the trigger for it has been removed. 
B)  breaks down a unitary experience into its separate components so that we are explicitly aware of the process behind redness and the process behind roundness every time we see an apple. 
C)  allows us to detect conflicts if two stimuli are leading toward different and incompatible responses or if the elicited response from a stimulus is incompatible with our goals. 
D)  allows us to compare neural systems in order to produce new combinations of ideas or novel behaviors. 
A)  allows us to think of a stimulus or idea long after the trigger for it has been removed. 
B)  breaks down a unitary experience into its separate components so that we are explicitly aware of the process behind redness and the process behind roundness every time we see an apple. 
C)  allows us to detect conflicts if two stimuli are leading toward different and incompatible responses or if the elicited response from a stimulus is incompatible with our goals. 
D)  allows us to compare neural systems in order to produce new combinations of ideas or novel behaviors.

Question 5

In the late 1800s, the young science of psychology

Accepted Answer

A)  considered consciousness to be a central concern of the science. 
B)  argued that consciousness could not be studied scientifically. 
C)  studied consciousness by focusing on the biological roots of conscious thought. 
D)  largely ignored the topic of consciousness. 
A)  considered consciousness to be a central concern of the science. 
B)  argued that consciousness could not be studied scientifically. 
C)  studied consciousness by focusing on the biological roots of conscious thought. 
D)  largely ignored the topic of consciousness.

Question 6

The text argues that you will take action based on a memory

Accepted Answer

A)  only if you are satisfied that the thought you are having is in fact an actual memory. 
B)  as soon as you recall the gist of the remembered information. 
C)  independently of how you assess the memory. 
D)  only if the content of the memory is consistent with your other beliefs. 
A)  only if you are satisfied that the thought you are having is in fact an actual memory. 
B)  as soon as you recall the gist of the remembered information. 
C)  independently of how you assess the memory. 
D)  only if the content of the memory is consistent with your other beliefs.

Question 7

Which area of the brain is thought to be critical for resolving conflicts among disparate goals?

Accepted Answer

A)  occipital lobe 
B)  basal ganglia 
C)  anterior cingulated cortex 
D)  frontal lobe 
A)  occipital lobe 
B)  basal ganglia 
C)  anterior cingulated cortex 
D)  frontal lobe

Question 8

The mind-body problem refers to the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)  the body directs the mind. 
B)  the mind directs the body. 
C)  the mind is a different entity from the brain. 
D)  conscious experience is separate from the physical experience. 
A)  the body directs the mind. 
B)  the mind directs the body. 
C)  the mind is a different entity from the brain. 
D)  conscious experience is separate from the physical experience.

Question 9

Are unconscious processes akin to "mental reflexes"? Support your answer with empirical evidence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Are unconscious processes akin to "mental reflexes"?...

Question 10

It is argued that people do not experience fluency as fluency. What explanation does the text give to describe this experience?

Accepted Answer

A)  People think, "That was easy to process because I've experienced it before." 
B)  People think, "That wasn't as easy as some other tasks have been-maybe it is because it is a new task." 
C)  People think, "Processing that was easy, so this must be important." 
D)  People think, "This is familiar . . .," and then develop an explanation as to why. 
A)  People think, "That was easy to process because I've experienced it before." 
B)  People think, "That wasn't as easy as some other tasks have been-maybe it is because it is a new task." 
C)  People think, "Processing that was easy, so this must be important." 
D)  People think, "This is familiar . . .," and then develop an explanation as to why.

Question 11

Which neural area is most critical for consciousness?

Accepted Answer

A)  frontal lobe 
B)  brainstem 
C)  hindbrain 
D)  There is no single area that is responsible for consciousness. 
A)  frontal lobe 
B)  brainstem 
C)  hindbrain 
D)  There is no single area that is responsible for consciousness.

Question 12

The term "action slip" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  an unintended action as the result of clumsy behavior. 
B)  mistakenly relying on a habitual response when a novel response was needed. 
C)  accidents that occur when a patient has blind sight. 
D)  the use of a conscious response rather than an unconscious one, even if it is more time-consuming. 
A)  an unintended action as the result of clumsy behavior. 
B)  mistakenly relying on a habitual response when a novel response was needed. 
C)  accidents that occur when a patient has blind sight. 
D)  the use of a conscious response rather than an unconscious one, even if it is more time-consuming.

Question 13

Which of the following is FALSE about introspective reports?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are sometimes correct. 
B)  They can be the result of after-the-fact reconstructions. 
C)  They often feel like inferences. 
D)  They are occasionally wrong. 
A)  They are sometimes correct. 
B)  They can be the result of after-the-fact reconstructions. 
C)  They often feel like inferences. 
D)  They are occasionally wrong.

Question 14

Describe the unconscious support structure that influences cognition and our cognitive products.

Accepted Answer

The unconscious support structure that i

Question 15

________ refers to one's ability to monitor or control his or her own mental processes.

Accepted Answer

A)  Metacognition 
B)  Metabolism 
C)  Cognitive effort 
D)  Mental control 
A)  Metacognition 
B)  Metabolism 
C)  Cognitive effort 
D)  Mental control

Question 16

Our thoughts seem to be embedded in a context that is usually not noticed yet serves to define and guide the thoughts. Which of the following is NOT an example of this sort of context?

Accepted Answer

A)  Discovery based on mental imagery is influenced by the perceptual reference frame for the image. 
B)  Decisions are guided by how the decision is framed. 
C)  The meaning of the terms involved in our thoughts is clarified by the surrounding context of thought. 
D)  Perception of a word or object is strongly shaped by the other words and objects that surround the target. 
A)  Discovery based on mental imagery is influenced by the perceptual reference frame for the image. 
B)  Decisions are guided by how the decision is framed. 
C)  The meaning of the terms involved in our thoughts is clarified by the surrounding context of thought. 
D)  Perception of a word or object is strongly shaped by the other words and objects that surround the target.

Question 17

What does the neuronal workspace suggest about brain activity when sleeping?

Accepted Answer

A)  The brain is less active during sleep. 
B)  The activities of the various brain areas slow down during sleep. 
C)  During sleep, the brain's activities are not coordinated. 
D)  Sleeping is just like being awake. 
A)  The brain is less active during sleep. 
B)  The activities of the various brain areas slow down during sleep. 
C)  During sleep, the brain's activities are not coordinated. 
D)  Sleeping is just like being awake.

Question 18

Which of the following is UNLIKELY to be the result of fluency effects?

Accepted Answer

A)  confidence estimates 
B)  familiarity estimates 
C)  qualia 
D)  stereotype threat 
A)  confidence estimates 
B)  familiarity estimates 
C)  qualia 
D)  stereotype threat

Question 19

Sometimes we reason carefully and deliberately through an argument, scrutinizing each step. In a case of this sort

Accepted Answer

A)  all of our thoughts will be entirely conscious even if we are unconscious of our thoughts in other situations. 
B)  the processes of our thoughts, but not the products, will be consciously available. 
C)  our sequence of thoughts depends on an unconscious support structure that guides how we interpret the elements of each thought. 
D)  there are no unconscious processes involved. 
A)  all of our thoughts will be entirely conscious even if we are unconscious of our thoughts in other situations. 
B)  the processes of our thoughts, but not the products, will be consciously available. 
C)  our sequence of thoughts depends on an unconscious support structure that guides how we interpret the elements of each thought. 
D)  there are no unconscious processes involved.

Question 20

Erin, who has Korsakoff's amnesia, is asked to perform in a memory experiment. Erin is likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  be capable of learning but do poorly in explicit tests of memory. 
B)  recall explicitly events that she has witnessed but not things that she has done. 
C)  perform well on tests requiring conscious recollection even though her performance is poor if memory is tested indirectly. 
D)  be unable to recall material learned in the past even though she explicitly recognizes the material when she encounters it. 
A)  be capable of learning but do poorly in explicit tests of memory. 
B)  recall explicitly events that she has witnessed but not things that she has done. 
C)  perform well on tests requiring conscious recollection even though her performance is poor if memory is tested indirectly. 
D)  be unable to recall material learned in the past even though she explicitly recognizes the material when she encounters it.

Which of these tasks is LEAST likely to be resolved with the use of unconscious processes?

What does consciousness tell us about the nature of introspection? Can we be trusted to know about the mental processes in which we engage? Why or why not? Provide examples to justify your position.

In order to detect that a red shape was moving, it is likely that

The neuronal workspace helps us with all of the following EXCEPT that it

In the late 1800s, the young science of psychology

The text argues that you will take action based on a memory

Which area of the brain is thought to be critical for resolving conflicts among disparate goals?

The mind-body problem refers to the fact that

Are unconscious processes akin to "mental reflexes"? Support your answer with empirical evidence.

It is argued that people do not experience fluency as fluency. What explanation does the text give to describe this experience?

Which neural area is most critical for consciousness?

The term "action slip" refers to

Which of the following is FALSE about introspective reports?

Describe the unconscious support structure that influences cognition and our cognitive products.

________ refers to one's ability to monitor or control his or her own mental processes.

Our thoughts seem to be embedded in a context that is usually not noticed yet serves to define and guide the thoughts. Which of the following is NOT an example of this sort of context?

What does the neuronal workspace suggest about brain activity when sleeping?

Which of the following is UNLIKELY to be the result of fluency effects?

Sometimes we reason carefully and deliberately through an argument, scrutinizing each step. In a case of this sort

Erin, who has Korsakoff's amnesia, is asked to perform in a memory experiment. Erin is likely to

The Science of the Mind

The Neural Basis for Cognition

Visual Perception

Recognizing Objects

Paying Attention

The Acquisition of Memories and the Working-Memory System

Interconnections Between Acquisition and Retrieval

Remembering Complex Events

Concepts and Generic Knowledge

Language

Visual Knowledge

Judgment and Reasoning

Problem Solving and Intelligence

Filters

Exam 14: Conscious Thought, Unconscious Thought

Which of these tasks is LEAST likely to be resolved with the use of unconscious processes?

What does consciousness tell us about the nature of introspection? Can we be trusted to know about the mental processes in which we engage? Why or why not? Provide examples to justify your position.

In order to detect that a red shape was moving, it is likely that

The neuronal workspace helps us with all of the following EXCEPT that it

In the late 1800s, the young science of psychology

The text argues that you will take action based on a memory

Which area of the brain is thought to be critical for resolving conflicts among disparate goals?

The mind-body problem refers to the fact that

Are unconscious processes akin to "mental reflexes"? Support your answer with empirical evidence.

It is argued that people do not experience fluency as fluency. What explanation does the text give to describe this experience?

Which neural area is most critical for consciousness?

The term "action slip" refers to

Which of the following is FALSE about introspective reports?

Describe the unconscious support structure that influences cognition and our cognitive products.

________ refers to one's ability to monitor or control his or her own mental processes.

Our thoughts seem to be embedded in a context that is usually not noticed yet serves to define and guide the thoughts. Which of the following is NOT an example of this sort of context?

What does the neuronal workspace suggest about brain activity when sleeping?

Which of the following is UNLIKELY to be the result of fluency effects?

Sometimes we reason carefully and deliberately through an argument, scrutinizing each step. In a case of this sort

Erin, who has Korsakoff's amnesia, is asked to perform in a memory experiment. Erin is likely to

The Science of the Mind

The Neural Basis for Cognition

Visual Perception

Recognizing Objects

Paying Attention

The Acquisition of Memories and the Working-Memory System

Interconnections Between Acquisition and Retrieval

Remembering Complex Events

Concepts and Generic Knowledge

Language

Visual Knowledge

Judgment and Reasoning

Problem Solving and Intelligence

Filters