Exam 9: Concepts and Generic Knowledge

Reisberg notes that our beliefs influence our categories, and our categories influence our beliefs. Explain what he means by this by providing an example that supports each assertion.

One study found that if participants were told a new fact about robins, they would also believe that the new fact was true of ducks. However, if told a new fact about ducks, participants would not extrapolate this information to robins. This suggests that

Previous knowledge facilitates categorization in each of the following ways EXCEPT that it

Imagine that you mistakenly believe that Marie Antoinette was the queen of Austria. You learn later that she was the queen of France. How will this adjustment in knowledge be represented in a PDP model?

Compare and contrast the prototype and exemplar theories of categorization. How do they differ? How are they similar? Which one most accurately describes how categorization works?

Describe the basic organization of a knowledge network, and provide specific examples of the organization by considering the concept "chicken." Make sure you include the appropriate propositions in your description.

In Trial 18 of a sentence-verification task, participants see the sentence, "A robin is a bird." In Trial 42 they see, "A penguin is a bird." According to prototype theory, we should expect faster responses to

When compared to the statement "A canary is an animal," the reaction time for "A cat is an animal" will be

Maxine has sustained brain damage to her left temporal lobe, which influences her ability to categorize efficiently. Which of the following is most likely to describe the problems that Maxine will face?

Participants are asked which birds they think are "particularly birdy" and which birds are "not very birdy." We should expect that the birds judged as "birdiest" are birds

In a PDP model, learning can happen in all of the following ways EXCEPT

The claim that mental categories have graded membership is the claim that

The use of theories plays an important role in our conceptual knowledge. Which of these is FALSE about the theories involved in conceptual knowledge?

Judgments about which category members are typical

In making judgments about category membership, participants

Participants are asked to make up sentences about the category "birds." Which of the following is LEAST likely to be true about this task?

In order to differentiate between concepts like "Sam has a dog" and "Sam is a dog," information is stored

Collins and Quillian (1969) suggest that information is organized

In a hierarchical network of "animals," the property "eats" would be stored

If asked to name as many birds as they can, participants are most likely to name