Question 1

Which prediction regarding the formation of a monatomic ion most likely is not correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rubidium (Rb) forms a +1 cation by losing an s electron. 
B)  Strontium (Sr) forms a +2 cation by losing two s electrons. 
C)  Scandium (Sc) forms a +3 cation by losing two s electrons and a p electron. 
D)  Bromine (Br) forms a -1 anion by adding an electron to a p orbital. 
E)  Sulfur (S) forms a -2 anion by adding one electron to each of two p orbitals. 
A)  Rubidium (Rb) forms a +1 cation by losing an s electron. 
B)  Strontium (Sr) forms a +2 cation by losing two s electrons. 
C)  Scandium (Sc) forms a +3 cation by losing two s electrons and a p electron. 
D)  Bromine (Br) forms a -1 anion by adding an electron to a p orbital. 
E)  Sulfur (S) forms a -2 anion by adding one electron to each of two p orbitals.

Question 2

Which transition in a hydrogen atom will cause emission of the shortest wavelength photon?

Accepted Answer

A)  n1 = 4 to n2 = 3 
B)  n1 = 4 to n2 = 2 
C)  n1 = 3 to n2 = 2 
D)  n1 = 3 to n2 = 1 
E)  n1 = 10 to n2 = 9 
A)  n1 = 4 to n2 = 3 
B)  n1 = 4 to n2 = 2 
C)  n1 = 3 to n2 = 2 
D)  n1 = 3 to n2 = 1 
E)  n1 = 10 to n2 = 9

Question 3

A proton in a cyclotron has a velocity of 2 * 108 m/s, which is nearly the speed of light. The uncertainty in the velocity is 1%. What is the minimum uncertainty in the position of the proton in meters? The proton mass is 2 *10-27 kg.

Accepted Answer

A)  3 *10-11 m 
B)  1 * 10-22 m 
C)  1 *10-18 m 
D)  3 *10-41 m 
E)  1 *10-17 m 
A)  3 *10-11 m 
B)  1 * 10-22 m 
C)  1 *10-18 m 
D)  3 *10-41 m 
E)  1 *10-17 m

Question 4

The studies of light emitted by hot objects (Max Planck) and the photoelectric effect (Albert Einstein) revolutionized physics because they revealed ________

Accepted Answer

A)  that energy is quantized. 
B)  that light intensity does not affect the number of electrons ejected from a metal. 
C)  that atomic spectra are due to the quantized transitions of electrons. 
D)  that blackbody radiation is continuous. 
E)  that atomic spectra are continuous. 
A)  that energy is quantized. 
B)  that light intensity does not affect the number of electrons ejected from a metal. 
C)  that atomic spectra are due to the quantized transitions of electrons. 
D)  that blackbody radiation is continuous. 
E)  that atomic spectra are continuous.

Question 5

Identify which element, potassium or bromine, has the larger electron affinity and explain why.

Accepted Answer

Bromine has the larger electron affinity

Question 6

Down a column in the periodic table, the ionization energy ________

Accepted Answer

A)  increases because the n quantum number changes. 
B)  increases because the $\ell$ quantum number changes. 
C)  decreases because the outer electrons are further from the nucleus. 
D)  increases because the atomic number (nuclear charge) increases. 
E)  changes little because the outer electrons all are in the same outer shell. 
A)  increases because the n quantum number changes. 
B)  increases because the $\ell$ quantum number changes. 
C)  decreases because the outer electrons are further from the nucleus. 
D)  increases because the atomic number (nuclear charge) increases. 
E)  changes little because the outer electrons all are in the same outer shell.

Question 7

Which statement about the quantum numbers that identify an atomic orbital is not correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The angular momentum quantum number, $\ell$
, identifies the shape of an orbital. 
B)  The value of the angular momentum quantum number can range from 0 to n, where n is the principal quantum number for the orbital. 
C)  Orbitals with the same value for the principal quantum number and the angular momentum quantum number are said to be in the same subshell. 
D)  Orbitals with the same values for the principal quantum number and the angular momentum quantum number have the same energy. 
E)  The value for the angular momentum quantum number also is designated by a letter:
S = 0, p = 1, d = 2, f = 3, etc. 
A)  The angular momentum quantum number, $\ell$
, identifies the shape of an orbital. 
B)  The value of the angular momentum quantum number can range from 0 to n, where n is the principal quantum number for the orbital. 
C)  Orbitals with the same value for the principal quantum number and the angular momentum quantum number are said to be in the same subshell. 
D)  Orbitals with the same values for the principal quantum number and the angular momentum quantum number have the same energy. 
E)  The value for the angular momentum quantum number also is designated by a letter:
S = 0, p = 1, d = 2, f = 3, etc.

Question 8

The work function of sodium is  = 2.9 * 10-19 J. What is the maximum wavelength that can cause ejection of photoelectrons from a sodium surface?

Accepted Answer

A)  151 nm 
B)  222 nm 
C)  45.1 nm 
D)  451 nm 
E)  685 nm 
A)  151 nm 
B)  222 nm 
C)  45.1 nm 
D)  451 nm 
E)  685 nm

Question 9

Indicate which of the following photons can cause emission of photoelectrons from a surface of gallium ( = 6.7 *10-19 J).

Accepted Answer

A)  350 nm 
B)  400 nm 
C)  200 nm 
D)  650 nm 
E)  500 nm 
A)  350 nm 
B)  400 nm 
C)  200 nm 
D)  650 nm 
E)  500 nm

Question 10

Early photoelectric light detectors were based on cesium. Cesium metal has a work function of 3.43 *10-19 J. What is the kinetic energy of the photoelectrons ejected from a cesium surface when exposed to blue light at 400 nm?

Accepted Answer

A)  5.41*10-18 J 
B)  5.14 *10-20 J 
C)  2.54*10-17 J 
D)  1.54 *10-19 J 
E)  2.54 * 10-19 J 
A)  5.41*10-18 J 
B)  5.14 *10-20 J 
C)  2.54*10-17 J 
D)  1.54 *10-19 J 
E)  2.54 * 10-19 J

Question 11

De Broglie proposed that $\lambda$ = h/mv. Define the symbols in this equation and describe the significance of de Broglie's proposal.

Accepted Answer

@#LAT-DLM&is the wavelength of a particle, h is Pl

Question 12

Which of the following is quantized?

Accepted Answer

A)  the trajectory of a baseball hit from home plate 
B)  the speed of a Formula 1 race car 
C)  the diameter of a redwood tree 
D)  the number of marbles in a bag 
E)  your age 
A)  the trajectory of a baseball hit from home plate 
B)  the speed of a Formula 1 race car 
C)  the diameter of a redwood tree 
D)  the number of marbles in a bag 
E)  your age

Question 13

According to de Broglie, if the circumference of the electron's orbit in the hydrogen atom is twice the electron's wavelength, the orbit will ________

Accepted Answer

A)  decay until the electron falls into the nucleus. 
B)  diverge, allowing the electron to escape. 
C)  be stable. 
D)  cause the electron to emit a photon. 
E)  not be circular. 
A)  decay until the electron falls into the nucleus. 
B)  diverge, allowing the electron to escape. 
C)  be stable. 
D)  cause the electron to emit a photon. 
E)  not be circular.

Question 14

Early photoelectric light detectors were based on cesium. Cesium metal has a work function of 3.43 *10-19 J. What is the velocity of the photoelectrons ejected from a cesium surface when exposed to blue light at 400 nm?

Accepted Answer

A)  2.90 * 108 m/s 
B)  2.90 *105 m/s 
C)  5.81 * 102 m/s 
D)  5.81 * 108 m/s 
E)  5.81 *105 m/s 
A)  2.90 * 108 m/s 
B)  2.90 *105 m/s 
C)  5.81 * 102 m/s 
D)  5.81 * 108 m/s 
E)  5.81 *105 m/s

Question 15

Which statement about refraction or diffraction is not correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  A beam of light is bent or refracted as it moves from air into a denser medium such as water or a glass prism. 
B)  When a beam of light passes through a narrow slit, it is bent or diffracted by the edges and spreads out in a circular pattern. 
C)  When a beam of light is diffracted by two slits that are close to each other, the two sets of resulting waves interfere with each other, producing a pattern of light and dark bands. 
D)  When the crests of two waves overlap, they interfere constructively and produce a light band in the interference pattern. 
E)  When the crest of one wave overlaps with the trough of another, they are said to be "in phase." 
A)  A beam of light is bent or refracted as it moves from air into a denser medium such as water or a glass prism. 
B)  When a beam of light passes through a narrow slit, it is bent or diffracted by the edges and spreads out in a circular pattern. 
C)  When a beam of light is diffracted by two slits that are close to each other, the two sets of resulting waves interfere with each other, producing a pattern of light and dark bands. 
D)  When the crests of two waves overlap, they interfere constructively and produce a light band in the interference pattern. 
E)  When the crest of one wave overlaps with the trough of another, they are said to be "in phase."

Question 16

Which of the following elements has the ground-state electron configuration 1s22s22p63s23p4?

Accepted Answer

A)  Al 
B)  Cl 
C)  S 
D)  P 
E)  Ar 
A)  Al 
B)  Cl 
C)  S 
D)  P 
E)  Ar

Question 17

What is the ground-state electron configuration of a Cl- ion?

Accepted Answer

A)  1s22s22p63s23p4 
B)  1s22s22p63s23p5 
C)  1s22s22p63s23p6 
D)  1s22s22p63s23p2 
E)  1s22s22p63s23p8 
A)  1s22s22p63s23p4 
B)  1s22s22p63s23p5 
C)  1s22s22p63s23p6 
D)  1s22s22p63s23p2 
E)  1s22s22p63s23p8

Question 18

The change in energy of a one-electron atom or ion for an electronic transition from the initial energy level ni to the final energy level nf is given by
$\Delta$E = -(2.18*10-18 J) 
Z2 $\left( \frac { 1 } { n _ { f } ^ { 2 } } - \frac { 1 } { n _ { i } ^ { 2 } } \right.$
Which of the following species will have the longest wavelength emission line for the transition between the ni = 2 and nf = 1 levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  H 
B)  He+ 
C)  Li2+ 
D)  Be3+ 
E)  B4+ 
A)  H 
B)  He+ 
C)  Li2+ 
D)  Be3+ 
E)  B4+

Question 19

Early photoelectric light detectors were based on cesium. Cesium metal has a work function of 3.43 *10-19 J. What is the minimum frequency of electromagnetic radiation required to eject photoelectrons from a cesium surface?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.75 *1014/s 
B)  3.15 * 1014/s 
C)  5.17 * 1014/s 
D)  1.55 * 1013/s 
E)  7.24 * 1015/s 
A)  1.75 *1014/s 
B)  3.15 * 1014/s 
C)  5.17 * 1014/s 
D)  1.55 * 1013/s 
E)  7.24 * 1015/s

Question 20

Which arrangement is in the correct order of increasing radii?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cs 2+ + 
C)  P 3- 3- 
D)  Cr 3+ + 
A)  Cs 2+ + 
C)  P 3- 3- 
D)  Cr 3+ +

Exam 7: A Quantum Model of Atoms: Waves and Particles

Which prediction regarding the formation of a monatomic ion most likely is not correct?

Which transition in a hydrogen atom will cause emission of the shortest wavelength photon?

A proton in a cyclotron has a velocity of 2 * 108 m/s, which is nearly the speed of light. The uncertainty in the velocity is 1%. What is the minimum uncertainty in the position of the proton in meters? The proton mass is 2 *10-27 kg.

The studies of light emitted by hot objects (Max Planck) and the photoelectric effect (Albert Einstein) revolutionized physics because they revealed ________

Identify which element, potassium or bromine, has the larger electron affinity and explain why.

Down a column in the periodic table, the ionization energy ________

Which statement about the quantum numbers that identify an atomic orbital is not correct?

The work function of sodium is = 2.9 * 10-19 J. What is the maximum wavelength that can cause ejection of photoelectrons from a sodium surface?

Indicate which of the following photons can cause emission of photoelectrons from a surface of gallium (= 6.7 *10-19 J).

Early photoelectric light detectors were based on cesium. Cesium metal has a work function of 3.43 *10-19 J. What is the kinetic energy of the photoelectrons ejected from a cesium surface when exposed to blue light at 400 nm?

De Broglie proposed that λ\lambdaλ = h/mv. Define the symbols in this equation and describe the significance of de Broglie's proposal.

Which of the following is quantized?

According to de Broglie, if the circumference of the electron's orbit in the hydrogen atom is twice the electron's wavelength, the orbit will ________

Early photoelectric light detectors were based on cesium. Cesium metal has a work function of 3.43 *10-19 J. What is the velocity of the photoelectrons ejected from a cesium surface when exposed to blue light at 400 nm?

Which statement about refraction or diffraction is not correct?

Which of the following elements has the ground-state electron configuration 1s22s22p63s23p4?

What is the ground-state electron configuration of a Cl- ion?

Early photoelectric light detectors were based on cesium. Cesium metal has a work function of 3.43 *10-19 J. What is the minimum frequency of electromagnetic radiation required to eject photoelectrons from a cesium surface?

Which arrangement is in the correct order of increasing radii?

Matter and Energy: The Origin of the Universe

Atoms, Ions, and Molecules: Matter Starts Here

Stoichiometry: Mass, Formulas, and Reactions

Solution Chemistry: The Hydrosphere

Thermochemistry: Energy Changes in Reactions

Properties of Gases: the Air We Breathe

Chemical Bonds: What Makes a Gas a Greenhouse Gas

Molecular Geometry: Shape Determines Function

Intermolecular Forces: The Uniqueness of Water

Solutions: Properties and Behavior

Solids: Structures and Applications

Organic Chemistry: Fuels, Pharmaceuticals, Materials, and Life

Chemical Kinetics: Reactions in the Air We Breathe

Chemical Equilibrium: How Much Product Does a Reaction Really Make

Acid-Base and Solubility Equilibria: Reactions in Soil and Water

Metal Ions: Colorful and Essential

Thermodynamics: Spontaneous and Nonspontaneous Reactions and Processes

Electrochemistry: the Quest for Clean Energy

Biochemistry: the Compounds of Life

Nuclear Chemistry: Applications to Energy and Medicine

Life and the Periodic Table

Filters

A proton in a cyclotron has a velocity of 2 * 10⁸ m/s, which is nearly the speed of light. The uncertainty in the velocity is 1%. What is the minimum uncertainty in the position of the proton in meters? The proton mass is 2 *10^-²⁷ kg.

The work function of sodium is = 2.9 * 10^-¹⁹ J. What is the maximum wavelength that can cause ejection of photoelectrons from a sodium surface?

Indicate which of the following photons can cause emission of photoelectrons from a surface of gallium (= 6.7 *10^-¹⁹ J).

Early photoelectric light detectors were based on cesium. Cesium metal has a work function of 3.43 *10^-¹⁹ J. What is the kinetic energy of the photoelectrons ejected from a cesium surface when exposed to blue light at 400 nm?

De Broglie proposed that $\lambda$ = h/mv. Define the symbols in this equation and describe the significance of de Broglie's proposal.

Early photoelectric light detectors were based on cesium. Cesium metal has a work function of 3.43 *10^-¹⁹ J. What is the velocity of the photoelectrons ejected from a cesium surface when exposed to blue light at 400 nm?

Which of the following elements has the ground-state electron configuration 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁴?

What is the ground-state electron configuration of a Cl^- ion?

Early photoelectric light detectors were based on cesium. Cesium metal has a work function of 3.43 *10^-¹⁹ J. What is the minimum frequency of electromagnetic radiation required to eject photoelectrons from a cesium surface?