Question 1

Which of the following does NOT act to maintain the osmotic gradient necessary for the concentration of urine in mammals?

Accepted Answer

A) countercurrent flow at the loop of Henle 
B) decreased hypothalamic signals leading to a decrease in ADH production 
C) impermeability of the descending limb of the loop of Henle to Na+, Cl-, and other solutes 
D) impermeability of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle to water 
E) all of these 
A) countercurrent flow at the loop of Henle 
B) decreased hypothalamic signals leading to a decrease in ADH production 
C) impermeability of the descending limb of the loop of Henle to Na+, Cl-, and other solutes 
D) impermeability of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle to water 
E) all of these

Question 2

Reabsorption is the movement of water and solutes from the __________ to the __________.

Accepted Answer

A) interstitial fluid; tubules 
B) glomerular capillaries; Bowman's capsule 
C) Bowman's capsule; nephron tubules 
D) nephron tubules; peritubular capillaries 
E) glomerular capillaries; peritubular capillaries 
A) interstitial fluid; tubules 
B) glomerular capillaries; Bowman's capsule 
C) Bowman's capsule; nephron tubules 
D) nephron tubules; peritubular capillaries 
E) glomerular capillaries; peritubular capillaries

Question 3

Which of the following is the last structure that urine passes through?

Accepted Answer

A) distal tubule 
B) urethra 
C) urinary bladder 
D) ureter 
E) loop of Henle 
A) distal tubule 
B) urethra 
C) urinary bladder 
D) ureter 
E) loop of Henle

Question 4

It can take up to __________ days after marijuana use before the urine tests negative for the drug.

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 5 
C) 7 
D) 10 
E) 14 
A) 3 
B) 5 
C) 7 
D) 10 
E) 14

Question 5

The subunit of a kidney that purifies blood and restores solute and water balance is the

Accepted Answer

A) glomerulus. 
B) loop of Henle. 
C) nephron. 
D) ureter. 
E) peritubular capillary. 
A) glomerulus. 
B) loop of Henle. 
C) nephron. 
D) ureter. 
E) peritubular capillary.

Question 6

Use the figure above to answer questions 
  
-The region where completely formed urine collects is indicated by

Accepted Answer

A) A. 
B) B. 
C) D. 
D) E. 
E) both A and B. 
A) A. 
B) B. 
C) D. 
D) E. 
E) both A and B.

Question 7

In reabsorption

Accepted Answer

A) plasma proteins are returned to the blood. 
B) excess hydrogen ions are removed from the blood. 
C) excess water is passed on to the urine. 
D) nutrients and ions are selectively returned to the blood. 
E) drugs and foreign substances are passed into the urine. 
A) plasma proteins are returned to the blood. 
B) excess hydrogen ions are removed from the blood. 
C) excess water is passed on to the urine. 
D) nutrients and ions are selectively returned to the blood. 
E) drugs and foreign substances are passed into the urine.

Question 8

Filtration occurs in which section of mammalian nephrons?

Accepted Answer

A) glomerular capillaries in Bowman's capsule 
B) loop of Henle 
C) proximal tubule 
D) distal tubule 
E) peritubular capillaries 
A) glomerular capillaries in Bowman's capsule 
B) loop of Henle 
C) proximal tubule 
D) distal tubule 
E) peritubular capillaries

Question 9

Urinalysis can be used to identify all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) a metabolic problem. 
B) a bacterial infection. 
C) kidney disease. 
D) diabetes insipidus. 
E) cardiac damage. 
A) a metabolic problem. 
B) a bacterial infection. 
C) kidney disease. 
D) diabetes insipidus. 
E) cardiac damage.

Question 10

The kidneys function to rid the body of

Accepted Answer

A) excess water. 
B) excess solutes. 
C) toxins and drugs. 
D) metabolic wastes. 
E) all of these. 
A) excess water. 
B) excess solutes. 
C) toxins and drugs. 
D) metabolic wastes. 
E) all of these.

Question 11

The letter "D" in the above figure represents

Accepted Answer

A) a kidney. 
B) a urethra. 
C) a urinary bladder. 
D) a ureter. 
E) water. 
A) a kidney. 
B) a urethra. 
C) a urinary bladder. 
D) a ureter. 
E) water.

Question 12

The process that normally exerts the greatest control over the water balance of an individual is

Accepted Answer

A) sweating. 
B) elimination in feces. 
C) kidney function. 
D) evaporation through the skin. 
E) respiratory loss. 
A) sweating. 
B) elimination in feces. 
C) kidney function. 
D) evaporation through the skin. 
E) respiratory loss.

Question 13

Which of the following are most permeable to water and small molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) glomerular capillaries 
B) peritubular capillaries 
C) afferent arterioles 
D) ureters 
E) efferent arterioles 
A) glomerular capillaries 
B) peritubular capillaries 
C) afferent arterioles 
D) ureters 
E) efferent arterioles

Question 14

An animal's capacity to conserve water and to concentrate solutes for excretion in the urine is greater in a kidney with longer

Accepted Answer

A) Bowman's capsules 
B) loops of Henle   
C) proximal tubules 
D) ureters 
E) afferent arterioles 
A) Bowman's capsules 
B) loops of Henle   
C) proximal tubules 
D) ureters 
E) afferent arterioles

Question 15

Which of the following features would tend to promote water reabsorption by the vertebrate kidney?

Accepted Answer

A) many nephridia 
B) a long loop of Henle 
C) a short collecting duct 
D) a short distal tubule 
E) a high filtration rate 
A) many nephridia 
B) a long loop of Henle 
C) a short collecting duct 
D) a short distal tubule 
E) a high filtration rate

Question 16

Which of the following is a mismatch between a urinalysis result and its possible cause?

Accepted Answer

A) acidic urine; metabolic problem 
B) alkaline urine; bacterial infection 
C) excess protein; kidney disease 
D) excess solutes; diabetes insipidus 
E) glucose in urine; diabetes mellitus 
A) acidic urine; metabolic problem 
B) alkaline urine; bacterial infection 
C) excess protein; kidney disease 
D) excess solutes; diabetes insipidus 
E) glucose in urine; diabetes mellitus

Question 17

Use the figure above to answer questions 
  
-The region where loops of Henle are located is indicated by

Accepted Answer

A) A. 
B) B. 
C) C. 
D) E. 
E) both A and B. 
A) A. 
B) B. 
C) C. 
D) E. 
E) both A and B.

Question 18

Water reabsorption into the capillaries associated with a nephron is achieved principally by

Accepted Answer

A) bulk flow. 
B) active transport and osmosis. 
C) countercurrent multiplication. 
D) phagocytosis. 
E) all of these. 
A) bulk flow. 
B) active transport and osmosis. 
C) countercurrent multiplication. 
D) phagocytosis. 
E) all of these.

Question 19

The disease that we know as diabetes mellitus was detected by urine examination around the year __________ by physicians in __________.

Accepted Answer

A) 1000 BC; India 
B) 500 BC; China 
C) 500 AC; Africa 
D) 1000 AC; Russia 
E) 1500 AC; France 
A) 1000 BC; India 
B) 500 BC; China 
C) 500 AC; Africa 
D) 1000 AC; Russia 
E) 1500 AC; France

Question 20

The movement of excess H+ and K+ ions from peritubular capillaries to the nephron tubules is

Accepted Answer

A) reabsorption. 
B) secretion. 
C) excretion. 
D) filtration. 
E) osmosis. 
A) reabsorption. 
B) secretion. 
C) excretion. 
D) filtration. 
E) osmosis.

Exam 41: Maintaining the Internal Environment

Which of the following does NOT act to maintain the osmotic gradient necessary for the concentration of urine in mammals?

Reabsorption is the movement of water and solutes from the __________ to the __________.

Which of the following is the last structure that urine passes through?

It can take up to __________ days after marijuana use before the urine tests negative for the drug.

The subunit of a kidney that purifies blood and restores solute and water balance is the

Use the figure above to answer questions -The region where completely formed urine collects is indicated by

In reabsorption

Filtration occurs in which section of mammalian nephrons?

Urinalysis can be used to identify all of the following EXCEPT

The kidneys function to rid the body of

The letter "D" in the above figure represents

The process that normally exerts the greatest control over the water balance of an individual is

Which of the following are most permeable to water and small molecules?

An animal's capacity to conserve water and to concentrate solutes for excretion in the urine is greater in a kidney with longer

Which of the following features would tend to promote water reabsorption by the vertebrate kidney?

Which of the following is a mismatch between a urinalysis result and its possible cause?

Use the figure above to answer questions -The region where loops of Henle are located is indicated by

Water reabsorption into the capillaries associated with a nephron is achieved principally by

The disease that we know as diabetes mellitus was detected by urine examination around the year __________ by physicians in __________.

The movement of excess H+ and K+ ions from peritubular capillaries to the nephron tubules is

Invitation to Biology

Lifes Chemical Basis

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure and Function

A Closer Look at Cell Membranes

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where It Startsphotosynthesis

Energy-Releasing Pathways

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Dna Structure and Function

From Dna to Protein

Controls Over Genes

Recombinant Dna and Genetic Engineering

The Macroevolutionary Puzzle

Emergence of Evolutionary Thought

Organizing Information About Species

The Origin and Evolution of Life

Viruses and Prokaryotes

Protists the Simplest Eukaryotes

Plants

Fungi

Animals: the Invertebrates

Animal Evolution the Chordates

Human Evolution: a Case Study

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Reproduction

Plant Growth and Development

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Protection, Support, and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Human Nutrition

Animal Reproductive Systems

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Structure and Biodiversity

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

Filters

Reabsorption is the movement of water and solutes from the to the .

The disease that we know as diabetes mellitus was detected by urine examination around the year by physicians in .

The movement of excess H⁺ and K⁺ ions from peritubular capillaries to the nephron tubules is