Question 1

How did prions get from sheep to cattle?

Accepted Answer

A) Cattle were fed sheep parts as nutrient supplements. 
B) From humans infected with BSE. 
C) From humans infected with vCJD. 
D) From keeping sheep and cows in the same herd. 
E) Through a virus. 
A) Cattle were fed sheep parts as nutrient supplements. 
B) From humans infected with BSE. 
C) From humans infected with vCJD. 
D) From keeping sheep and cows in the same herd. 
E) Through a virus.

Question 2

Gram staining divides bacteria into __________ groups based on differences in the composition of their __________.

Accepted Answer

A) two; DNA 
B) four; capsules 
C) two; cell walls 
D) four; cell walls 
E) two; plasma membranes 
A) two; DNA 
B) four; capsules 
C) two; cell walls 
D) four; cell walls 
E) two; plasma membranes

Question 3

Drugs designed to fight HIV work by

Accepted Answer

A) preventing binding of HIV to host cell. 
B) slowing reverse transcription. 
C) preventing integration of viral DNA. 
D) preventing viral protein production. 
E) all of these. 
A) preventing binding of HIV to host cell. 
B) slowing reverse transcription. 
C) preventing integration of viral DNA. 
D) preventing viral protein production. 
E) all of these.

Question 4

Pili may do all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) help cells attach to surfaces. 
B) function in reproduction. 
C) extend from the cell surface. 
D) be transferred between cells. 
E) function in cell locomotion. 
A) help cells attach to surfaces. 
B) function in reproduction. 
C) extend from the cell surface. 
D) be transferred between cells. 
E) function in cell locomotion.

Question 5

Only one viroid has been found to affect humans, and it attacks which of the following tissues?

Accepted Answer

A) liver tissue 
B) kidney tissue 
C) red blood cells 
D) white blood cells 
E) all of these 
A) liver tissue 
B) kidney tissue 
C) red blood cells 
D) white blood cells 
E) all of these

Question 6

Which of the following lack a nucleus and are structurally simple?

Accepted Answer

A) eukaryotes 
B) prokaryotes 
C) fungi 
D) algae 
E) all of these 
A) eukaryotes 
B) prokaryotes 
C) fungi 
D) algae 
E) all of these

Question 7

Prions differ from viroids in that they are

Accepted Answer

A) made up of DNA. 
B) circular RNA surrounded with protein. 
C) linear DNA surrounded with lipid. 
D) circular RNA with no protein coat. 
E) single proteins. 
A) made up of DNA. 
B) circular RNA surrounded with protein. 
C) linear DNA surrounded with lipid. 
D) circular RNA with no protein coat. 
E) single proteins.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about viral origins and evolution is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A) Viruses may be descendants of parasitic cells. 
B) Viruses may be genetic elements that escaped from cells. 
C) Viruses may represent a separate evolutionary branch. 
D) Most viral proteins are unlike any found in cellular organisms. 
E) Viral genes have no counterparts in cellular organisms. 
A) Viruses may be descendants of parasitic cells. 
B) Viruses may be genetic elements that escaped from cells. 
C) Viruses may represent a separate evolutionary branch. 
D) Most viral proteins are unlike any found in cellular organisms. 
E) Viral genes have no counterparts in cellular organisms.

Question 9

There are an estimated __________ number of bacteria alive today.

Accepted Answer

A) 5 x 1030 
B) 5 billion 
C) 50 million 
D) 5 trillion 
E) none of these 
A) 5 x 1030 
B) 5 billion 
C) 50 million 
D) 5 trillion 
E) none of these

Question 10

An adenovirus

Accepted Answer

A) is a naked virus. 
B) does not have a lipid envelope. 
C) has a spiked protein coat. 
D) infects animals. 
E) all of these. 
A) is a naked virus. 
B) does not have a lipid envelope. 
C) has a spiked protein coat. 
D) infects animals. 
E) all of these.

Question 11

Of all organisms, prokaryotes are

Accepted Answer

A) the smallest. 
B) the most abundant. 
C) the most metabolically diverse. 
D) the most widespread. 
E) all of these. 
A) the smallest. 
B) the most abundant. 
C) the most metabolically diverse. 
D) the most widespread. 
E) all of these.

Question 12

Herpes and other enveloped viruses enter their host cells

Accepted Answer

A) through pores. 
B) by dissolving the host plasma membrane. 
C) by fusion of the viral membrane with the cell's plasma membrane. 
D) by activating transport proteins in the host cell's plasma membrane. 
E) any of these. 
A) through pores. 
B) by dissolving the host plasma membrane. 
C) by fusion of the viral membrane with the cell's plasma membrane. 
D) by activating transport proteins in the host cell's plasma membrane. 
E) any of these.

Question 13

Bacteriorhodopsin is a light-sensitive pigment found in _________ archaeans and used to supply energy for __________.production.

Accepted Answer

A) halophilic; ATP 
B) thermophilic; carbohydrate 
C) methanogenic; methane 
D) halophilic; carbohydrate 
E) thermophilic; ATP 
A) halophilic; ATP 
B) thermophilic; carbohydrate 
C) methanogenic; methane 
D) halophilic; carbohydrate 
E) thermophilic; ATP

Question 14

Most prokaryotes

Accepted Answer

A) are rare in nature. 
B) are easily cultured in the laboratory. 
C) can't be cultured. 
D) are large enough to see with the naked eye. 
E) are none of these. 
A) are rare in nature. 
B) are easily cultured in the laboratory. 
C) can't be cultured. 
D) are large enough to see with the naked eye. 
E) are none of these.

Question 15

Viral infections are difficult to treat because

Accepted Answer

A) there are no drugs to treat virus infections. 
B) medicines can't reach viruses inside cells. 
C) vaccines are ineffective against viruses. 
D) we do not yet understand how viruses work. 
E) all of these are true. 
A) there are no drugs to treat virus infections. 
B) medicines can't reach viruses inside cells. 
C) vaccines are ineffective against viruses. 
D) we do not yet understand how viruses work. 
E) all of these are true.

Question 16

A dangerous form of food poisoning is caused by

Accepted Answer

A) Clostridium botulinum. 
B) Clostridium tetani. 
C) Bacillus anthracis. 
D) Heliobacter pylori. 
E) Thermus aquaticus. 
A) Clostridium botulinum. 
B) Clostridium tetani. 
C) Bacillus anthracis. 
D) Heliobacter pylori. 
E) Thermus aquaticus.

Question 17

Peptidoglycan is a compound in

Accepted Answer

A) bacterial flagella. 
B) bacterial cell walls. 
C) archaean cell walls. 
D) archaean flagella. 
E) all of these. 
A) bacterial flagella. 
B) bacterial cell walls. 
C) archaean cell walls. 
D) archaean flagella. 
E) all of these.

Question 18

Which current method allows for classification of both cultivable and non-cultivable prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A) isolation and observation 
B) protein analysis 
C) lipid analysis 
D) DNA sequencing 
E) none of these 
A) isolation and observation 
B) protein analysis 
C) lipid analysis 
D) DNA sequencing 
E) none of these

Question 19

Prions cause damage to the brain by

Accepted Answer

A) causing normal proteins to change shape. 
B) enzymatically destroying brain cells. 
C) cleaving all the oxygen from that area of the brain. 
D) binding to bacteria in the brain and stimulating them to kill tissue. 
E) none of these. 
A) causing normal proteins to change shape. 
B) enzymatically destroying brain cells. 
C) cleaving all the oxygen from that area of the brain. 
D) binding to bacteria in the brain and stimulating them to kill tissue. 
E) none of these.

Question 20

HIV infected mothers can transmit the virus by

Accepted Answer

A) breast milk. 
B) during natural birth. 
C) with a C-section. 
D) by kissing the baby on the cheek. 
E) both A and B. 
A) breast milk. 
B) during natural birth. 
C) with a C-section. 
D) by kissing the baby on the cheek. 
E) both A and B.

Exam 21: Viruses and Prokaryotes

How did prions get from sheep to cattle?

Gram staining divides bacteria into __________ groups based on differences in the composition of their __________.

Drugs designed to fight HIV work by

Pili may do all of the following EXCEPT

Only one viroid has been found to affect humans, and it attacks which of the following tissues?

Which of the following lack a nucleus and are structurally simple?

Prions differ from viroids in that they are

Which of the following statements about viral origins and evolution is NOT true?

There are an estimated __________ number of bacteria alive today.

An adenovirus

Of all organisms, prokaryotes are

Herpes and other enveloped viruses enter their host cells

Bacteriorhodopsin is a light-sensitive pigment found in _________ archaeans and used to supply energy for __________.production.

Most prokaryotes

Viral infections are difficult to treat because

A dangerous form of food poisoning is caused by

Peptidoglycan is a compound in

Which current method allows for classification of both cultivable and non-cultivable prokaryotes?

Prions cause damage to the brain by

HIV infected mothers can transmit the virus by

Invitation to Biology

Lifes Chemical Basis

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure and Function

A Closer Look at Cell Membranes

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where It Startsphotosynthesis

Energy-Releasing Pathways

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Dna Structure and Function

From Dna to Protein

Controls Over Genes

Recombinant Dna and Genetic Engineering

The Macroevolutionary Puzzle

Emergence of Evolutionary Thought

Organizing Information About Species

The Origin and Evolution of Life

Protists the Simplest Eukaryotes

Plants

Fungi

Animals: the Invertebrates

Animal Evolution the Chordates

Human Evolution: a Case Study

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Reproduction

Plant Growth and Development

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Protection, Support, and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Human Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Reproductive Systems

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Structure and Biodiversity

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

Filters

Gram staining divides bacteria into groups based on differences in the composition of their .

Bacteriorhodopsin is a light-sensitive pigment found in _ archaeans and used to supply energy for __.production.