Question 1

Antibodies for serological testing can be obtained from all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  Monoclonal antibodies. 
B)  Viral cultures. 
C)  Vaccinated humans. 
D)  Vaccinated animals. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  Monoclonal antibodies. 
B)  Viral cultures. 
C)  Vaccinated humans. 
D)  Vaccinated animals. 
E)  None of the above. B

Question 2

A reaction between an antibody and soluble antigen- forming lattices is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  Agglutination reaction. 
B)  Complement fixation. 
C)  Immunofluorescence. 
D)  Neutralization reaction. 
E)  Precipitation reaction. 
A)  Agglutination reaction. 
B)  Complement fixation. 
C)  Immunofluorescence. 
D)  Neutralization reaction. 
E)  Precipitation reaction. E

Question 3

Patient's serum, influenza virus, and red blood cells are mixed in a tube. What happens if the patient has antibodies against influenza virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hemagglutination 
B)  Hemolysis 
C)  Complement fixation 
D)  Agglutination 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Hemagglutination 
B)  Hemolysis 
C)  Complement fixation 
D)  Agglutination 
E)  None of the above E

Question 4

Which of the following is a test to determine patient's blood type by mixing patient's red blood cells with antisera?

Accepted Answer

A)  Direct agglutination reaction 
B)  Passive agglutination reaction 
C)  Immunofluorescence 
D)  Neutralization reaction 
E)  Precipitation reaction 
A)  Direct agglutination reaction 
B)  Passive agglutination reaction 
C)  Immunofluorescence 
D)  Neutralization reaction 
E)  Precipitation reaction

Question 5

Toxoid vaccines such as the vaccines against diphtheria and tetanus elicit a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  Dendritic cell proliferation. 
B)  Antibody response against these bacterial toxins. 
C)  Immune complex. 
D)  Antibody response against gram- positive bacteria. 
E)  TC cell response. 
A)  Dendritic cell proliferation. 
B)  Antibody response against these bacterial toxins. 
C)  Immune complex. 
D)  Antibody response against gram- positive bacteria. 
E)  TC cell response.

Question 6

Which item is from the patient in a direct ELISA test?

Accepted Answer

A)  Substrate for the enzyme 
B)  Antibodies against the antigen 
C)  Antigen 
D)  Antihuman immune serum 
A)  Substrate for the enzyme 
B)  Antibodies against the antigen 
C)  Antigen 
D)  Antihuman immune serum

Question 7

A reaction between antibody and particulate antigen is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  Agglutination reaction. 
B)  Complement fixation. 
C)  Immunofluorescence. 
D)  Neutralization reaction. 
E)  Precipitation reaction. 
A)  Agglutination reaction. 
B)  Complement fixation. 
C)  Immunofluorescence. 
D)  Neutralization reaction. 
E)  Precipitation reaction.

Question 8

Hepatitis B virus surface antigen can be used in a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  Inactivated whole- agent vaccine. 
B)  Attenuated whole- agent vaccine. 
C)  Conjugated vaccine. 
D)  Subunit vaccine. 
E)  Toxoid vaccine. 
A)  Inactivated whole- agent vaccine. 
B)  Attenuated whole- agent vaccine. 
C)  Conjugated vaccine. 
D)  Subunit vaccine. 
E)  Toxoid vaccine.

Question 9

What type of vaccine involves host synthesis of viral antigens?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conjugated vaccine 
B)  Subunit vaccine 
C)  Nucleic acid vaccine 
D)  Attenuated whole- agent vaccine 
E)  Toxoid vaccine 
A)  Conjugated vaccine 
B)  Subunit vaccine 
C)  Nucleic acid vaccine 
D)  Attenuated whole- agent vaccine 
E)  Toxoid vaccine

Question 10

A test used to identify antibodies against Treponema pallidum in a patient is the

Accepted Answer

A)  Hemagglutination- inhibition test. 
B)  Direct fluorescent antibody test. 
C)  Indirect fluorescent antibody test. 
D)  Direct ELISA test. 
E)  Direct agglutination test. 
A)  Hemagglutination- inhibition test. 
B)  Direct fluorescent antibody test. 
C)  Indirect fluorescent antibody test. 
D)  Direct ELISA test. 
E)  Direct agglutination test.

Question 11

The following steps are used to produce monoclonal antibodies. What is the fourth step?

Accepted Answer

A)  A B cell is activated to produce antibodies. 
B)  Fuse a B cell to a myeloma cell. 
C)  Culture the hybridoma. 
D)  Vaccinate a mouse. 
E)  Isolate antibody- producing B cells. 
A)  A B cell is activated to produce antibodies. 
B)  Fuse a B cell to a myeloma cell. 
C)  Culture the hybridoma. 
D)  Vaccinate a mouse. 
E)  Isolate antibody- producing B cells.

Question 12

A test used to identify Streptococcus pyogenes in a patient is the

Accepted Answer

A)  Indirect ELISA. 
B)  Hemagglutination- inhibition. 
C)  Direct fluorescent antibody test. 
D)  Indirect fluorescent antibody test. 
E)  Hemagglutination. 
A)  Indirect ELISA. 
B)  Hemagglutination- inhibition. 
C)  Direct fluorescent antibody test. 
D)  Indirect fluorescent antibody test. 
E)  Hemagglutination.

Question 13

Which of the following is most useful in determining the presence of AIDS antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Agglutination 
B)  Direct fluorescent antibody 
C)  Neutralization 
D)  Complement fixation 
E)  Indirect ELISA 
A)  Agglutination 
B)  Direct fluorescent antibody 
C)  Neutralization 
D)  Complement fixation 
E)  Indirect ELISA

Question 14

What type of vaccine is Streptococcus pyogenes capsule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conjugated vaccine 
B)  Subunit vaccine 
C)  Nucleic acid vaccine 
D)  Attenuated whole- agent vaccine 
E)  Toxoid vaccine 
A)  Conjugated vaccine 
B)  Subunit vaccine 
C)  Nucleic acid vaccine 
D)  Attenuated whole- agent vaccine 
E)  Toxoid vaccine

Question 15

Inactivated tetanus toxin is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  Conjugated vaccine. 
B)  Subunit vaccine. 
C)  Nucleic acid vaccine. 
D)  Inactivated whole- agent vaccine. 
E)  Toxoid vaccine. 
A)  Conjugated vaccine. 
B)  Subunit vaccine. 
C)  Nucleic acid vaccine. 
D)  Inactivated whole- agent vaccine. 
E)  Toxoid vaccine.

Question 16

A vaccine against HIV proteins made by vaccinia virus is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  Conjugated vaccine. 
B)  Subunit vaccine. 
C)  Nucleic acid vaccine. 
D)  Inactivated whole- agent vaccine. 
E)  Toxoid vaccine. 
A)  Conjugated vaccine. 
B)  Subunit vaccine. 
C)  Nucleic acid vaccine. 
D)  Inactivated whole- agent vaccine. 
E)  Toxoid vaccine.

Question 17

Situation 18.1
In an immunodiffusion test to diagnose histoplasmosis, patient's serum is placed in a well in an agar plate. In apositive test, a precipitate forms as the serum diffuses from the well and meets material diffusing from a second well
-The immunodiffusion test described in Situation 18.1 is

Accepted Answer

A)  An ELISA test. 
B)  A direct test. 
C)  A complement- fixation test. 
D)  A precipitation reaction. 
E)  An agglutination reaction. 
A)  An ELISA test. 
B)  A direct test. 
C)  A complement- fixation test. 
D)  A precipitation reaction. 
E)  An agglutination reaction.

Question 18

All of the following are disadvantages of a live virus vaccine except

Accepted Answer

A)  Exogenous protein contaminants may be present. 
B)  Live viruses generally require refrigeration. 
C)  Antibody response is not as good as with inactivated viruses. 
D)  The live vaccine may revert to a more virulent form. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  Exogenous protein contaminants may be present. 
B)  Live viruses generally require refrigeration. 
C)  Antibody response is not as good as with inactivated viruses. 
D)  The live vaccine may revert to a more virulent form. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 19

A reaction using red blood cells as the indicator and hemolysis indicates an antigen- antibody reaction is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  Agglutination reaction. 
B)  Complement fixation. 
C)  Immunofluorescence. 
D)  Neutralization reaction. 
E)  Precipitation reaction. 
A)  Agglutination reaction. 
B)  Complement fixation. 
C)  Immunofluorescence. 
D)  Neutralization reaction. 
E)  Precipitation reaction.

Question 20

What type of vaccine is live measles virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conjugated vaccine 
B)  Subunit vaccine 
C)  Nucleic acid vaccine 
D)  Attenuated whole- agent vaccine 
E)  Toxoid vaccine 
A)  Conjugated vaccine 
B)  Subunit vaccine 
C)  Nucleic acid vaccine 
D)  Attenuated whole- agent vaccine 
E)  Toxoid vaccine

Exam 18: Practical Applications of Immunology

Antibodies for serological testing can be obtained from all of the following except

A reaction between an antibody and soluble antigen- forming lattices is called a(n)

Patient's serum, influenza virus, and red blood cells are mixed in a tube. What happens if the patient has antibodies against influenza virus?

Which of the following is a test to determine patient's blood type by mixing patient's red blood cells with antisera?

Toxoid vaccines such as the vaccines against diphtheria and tetanus elicit a(n)

Which item is from the patient in a direct ELISA test?

A reaction between antibody and particulate antigen is called a(n)

Hepatitis B virus surface antigen can be used in a(n)

What type of vaccine involves host synthesis of viral antigens?

A test used to identify antibodies against Treponema pallidum in a patient is the

The following steps are used to produce monoclonal antibodies. What is the fourth step?

A test used to identify Streptococcus pyogenes in a patient is the

Which of the following is most useful in determining the presence of AIDS antibodies?

What type of vaccine is Streptococcus pyogenes capsule?

Inactivated tetanus toxin is a(n)

A vaccine against HIV proteins made by vaccinia virus is a(n)

All of the following are disadvantages of a live virus vaccine except

A reaction using red blood cells as the indicator and hemolysis indicates an antigen- antibody reaction is called a(n)

What type of vaccine is live measles virus?

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

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