Question 1

Which of the following chemical agents is used for sterilization?

Accepted Answer

A)  alcohol 
B)  ethylene oxide 
C)  phenolics 
D)  chlorine 
E)  soap 
A)  alcohol 
B)  ethylene oxide 
C)  phenolics 
D)  chlorine 
E)  soap B

Question 2

Any process that destroys the non-spore forming contaminants on inanimate objects is sterilization.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Bone and tendons for transplant are decontaminated by

Accepted Answer

A)  peroxygens. 
B)  ethylene oxide. 
C)  supercritical fluids. 
D)  plasma sterilization. 
E)  glutaraldehyde. 
A)  peroxygens. 
B)  ethylene oxide. 
C)  supercritical fluids. 
D)  plasma sterilization. 
E)  glutaraldehyde. C

Question 4

An agent used to reduce the number of bacteria on a toilet would most accurately be called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  disinfectant. 
B)  aseptic. 
C)  fungicide. 
D)  antiseptic. 
E)  virucide. 
A)  disinfectant. 
B)  aseptic. 
C)  fungicide. 
D)  antiseptic. 
E)  virucide.

Question 5

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  ionizing radiation - hydroxyl radicals 
B)  ultraviolet radiation - desiccation 
C)  supercritical fluids - CO₂ 
D)  plasma sterilization - free radicals 
E)  ozone - takes electrons from substances 
A)  ionizing radiation - hydroxyl radicals 
B)  ultraviolet radiation - desiccation 
C)  supercritical fluids - CO₂ 
D)  plasma sterilization - free radicals 
E)  ozone - takes electrons from substances

Question 6

Table 7.1
A disk-diffusion test using Staphylococcus gave the following results:
 $$\begin{array} { c c } 
\text { Disinfectant } & \text { Zone of inhibition (mm) } \
\hline \text { A } & 0 \
\text { B } & 2.5 \
\text { C } & 10 \
\text { D } & 5
\end{array}$$
-In Table 7.1, which compound was the most effective against E. coli?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 7

Some antimicrobial chemicals are considered to be disinfectants and antiseptics.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following substances is used for surgical hand scrubs?

Accepted Answer

A)  phenol 
B)  glutaraldehyde 
C)  chlorine bleach 
D)  soap 
E)  chlorhexidine 
A)  phenol 
B)  glutaraldehyde 
C)  chlorine bleach 
D)  soap 
E)  chlorhexidine

Question 9

Which of the following methods is used to preserve food by slowing the metabolic processes of foodborne microbes?

Accepted Answer

A)  pasteurization 
B)  lyophilization 
C)  ionizing radiation 
D)  nonionizing radiation 
E)  freezing 
A)  pasteurization 
B)  lyophilization 
C)  ionizing radiation 
D)  nonionizing radiation 
E)  freezing

Question 10

Which of the following regarding antimicrobial control agents is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some agents kill by denaturing microbial cell proteins. 
B)  Alcohols effectively inactivate nonenveloped viruses by attacking lipids. 
C)  Contaminating organic debris such as blood or sputum decrease effectiveness. 
D)  Silver is used for treating antibiotic-resistant bacteria. 
E)  Some agents affect microbial cell membranes by dissolving lipids. 
A)  Some agents kill by denaturing microbial cell proteins. 
B)  Alcohols effectively inactivate nonenveloped viruses by attacking lipids. 
C)  Contaminating organic debris such as blood or sputum decrease effectiveness. 
D)  Silver is used for treating antibiotic-resistant bacteria. 
E)  Some agents affect microbial cell membranes by dissolving lipids.

Question 11

The thermal death time is the time needed to kill all the bacteria in a particular culture at a certain temperature.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Figure 7.1
   A suspension of 106 Bacillus cereus endospores was put in a hot-air oven at 170°C. Plate counts were used to determine the number of endospores surviving at the time intervals shown.
-In Figure 7.1, the thermal death point for this culture is

Accepted Answer

A)  15 minutes. 
B)  30 minutes. 
C)  50°C. 
D)  170°C. 
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided 
A)  15 minutes. 
B)  30 minutes. 
C)  50°C. 
D)  170°C. 
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided

Question 13

All of the following are methods of food preservation EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  ionizing radiation. 
B)  high pressure. 
C)  osmotic pressure. 
D)  microwaves. 
E)  desiccation. 
A)  ionizing radiation. 
B)  high pressure. 
C)  osmotic pressure. 
D)  microwaves. 
E)  desiccation.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the pattern of microbial death?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cells in a population die at a constant rate. 
B)  Not all of the cells in a culture are killed. 
C)  The pattern varies depending on the species. 
D)  All the cells in a culture die at once. 
E)  The pattern varies depending on the antimicrobial agent. 
A)  The cells in a population die at a constant rate. 
B)  Not all of the cells in a culture are killed. 
C)  The pattern varies depending on the species. 
D)  All the cells in a culture die at once. 
E)  The pattern varies depending on the antimicrobial agent.

Question 15

The antimicrobial activity of chlorine is due to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  the formation of a hypochlorite ion 
B)  the formation of ozone 
C)  the formation of hypochlorous acid 
D)  the formation of hydrochloric acid 
E)  disruption of the plasma membrane 
A)  the formation of a hypochlorite ion 
B)  the formation of ozone 
C)  the formation of hypochlorous acid 
D)  the formation of hydrochloric acid 
E)  disruption of the plasma membrane

Question 16

The pH of the medium has no effect on the activity of the disinfectant being applied.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Application of heat to living cells can result in all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased thermal death time. 
B)  alteration of membrane permeability. 
C)  damage to nucleic acids. 
D)  breaking of hydrogen bonds. 
E)  denaturation of enzymes. 
A)  decreased thermal death time. 
B)  alteration of membrane permeability. 
C)  damage to nucleic acids. 
D)  breaking of hydrogen bonds. 
E)  denaturation of enzymes.

Question 18

All of the following factors contribute to hospital-acquired infections EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  some bacteria metabolize disinfectants. 
B)  bacteria may be present in commercial products such as mouthwash. 
C)  gram-negative bacteria are often resistant to disinfectants. 
D)  invasive procedures can provide a portal of entry for bacteria. 
E)  None of the answers is correct; all of these factors may contribute to hospital -acquired infection. 
A)  some bacteria metabolize disinfectants. 
B)  bacteria may be present in commercial products such as mouthwash. 
C)  gram-negative bacteria are often resistant to disinfectants. 
D)  invasive procedures can provide a portal of entry for bacteria. 
E)  None of the answers is correct; all of these factors may contribute to hospital -acquired infection.

Question 19

Which of the following does NOT achieve sterilization?

Accepted Answer

A)  autoclave 
B)  pasteurization 
C)  supercritical fluids 
D)  dry heat 
E)  ethylene oxide 
A)  autoclave 
B)  pasteurization 
C)  supercritical fluids 
D)  dry heat 
E)  ethylene oxide

Question 20

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  organic acids - food preservation 
B)  Ag - wound dressings 
C)  alcohols - open wounds 
D)  CuSO₂ - algicide 
E)  H₂O₂ - open wounds 
A)  organic acids - food preservation 
B)  Ag - wound dressings 
C)  alcohols - open wounds 
D)  CuSO₂ - algicide 
E)  H₂O₂ - open wounds

Exam 7: The Control of Microbial Growth

Which of the following chemical agents is used for sterilization?

Any process that destroys the non-spore forming contaminants on inanimate objects is sterilization.

Bone and tendons for transplant are decontaminated by

An agent used to reduce the number of bacteria on a toilet would most accurately be called a(n)

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

Table 7.1 A disk-diffusion test using Staphylococcus gave the following results: Disinfectant Zone of inhibition (mm) A 0 B 2.5 C 10 D 5 -In Table 7.1, which compound was the most effective against E. coli?

Some antimicrobial chemicals are considered to be disinfectants and antiseptics.

Which of the following substances is used for surgical hand scrubs?

Which of the following methods is used to preserve food by slowing the metabolic processes of foodborne microbes?

Which of the following regarding antimicrobial control agents is FALSE?

The thermal death time is the time needed to kill all the bacteria in a particular culture at a certain temperature.

Figure 7.1 A suspension of 106 Bacillus cereus endospores was put in a hot-air oven at 170°C. Plate counts were used to determine the number of endospores surviving at the time intervals shown. -In Figure 7.1, the thermal death point for this culture is

All of the following are methods of food preservation EXCEPT

Which of the following best describes the pattern of microbial death?

The antimicrobial activity of chlorine is due to which of the following?

The pH of the medium has no effect on the activity of the disinfectant being applied.

Application of heat to living cells can result in all of the following EXCEPT

All of the following factors contribute to hospital-acquired infections EXCEPT

Which of the following does NOT achieve sterilization?

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Disease of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

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