Question 1

A needlestick is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  indirect contact transmission by fomite. 
B)  direct contact. 
C)  droplet transmission. 
D)  direct biological transmission by vector. 
E)  vehicle transmission. 
A)  indirect contact transmission by fomite. 
B)  direct contact. 
C)  droplet transmission. 
D)  direct biological transmission by vector. 
E)  vehicle transmission. A

Question 2

Which of the following statements about biological transmission is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The pathogen may enter the host in the vectorʹs feces. 
B)  Houseflies are an important vector. 
C)  The pathogen may be injected by the bite of the vector. 
D)  The pathogen may require the vector as a host. 
E)  The pathogen reproduces in the vector. 
A)  The pathogen may enter the host in the vectorʹs feces. 
B)  Houseflies are an important vector. 
C)  The pathogen may be injected by the bite of the vector. 
D)  The pathogen may require the vector as a host. 
E)  The pathogen reproduces in the vector. B

Question 3

The rise in herd immunity amongst a population can be directly attributed to

Accepted Answer

A)  vaccinations. 
B)  improved handwashing. 
C)  increased use of antibiotics. 
D)  antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  vaccinations. 
B)  improved handwashing. 
C)  increased use of antibiotics. 
D)  antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. A

Question 4

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  At least one member must benefit in a symbiotic relationship. 
B)  Members of a symbiotic relationship cannot live without each other. 
C)  Symbiosis always refers to different organisms living together and benefiting from each other. 
D)  A parasite is not in symbiosis with its host. 
E)  Both members are harmed in a symbiotic relationship. 
A)  At least one member must benefit in a symbiotic relationship. 
B)  Members of a symbiotic relationship cannot live without each other. 
C)  Symbiosis always refers to different organisms living together and benefiting from each other. 
D)  A parasite is not in symbiosis with its host. 
E)  Both members are harmed in a symbiotic relationship.

Question 5

Both normal and transient flora can become opportunistic pathogens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Focal infections initially start out as

Accepted Answer

A)  local infections. 
B)  bacteremia. 
C)  systemic infections. 
D)  sepsis. 
E)  septicemia. 
A)  local infections. 
B)  bacteremia. 
C)  systemic infections. 
D)  sepsis. 
E)  septicemia.

Question 7

Pseudomonas bacteria colonized the bile duct of a patient following his liver transplant surgery. This is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)  nosocomial infection. 
B)  communicable disease. 
C)  sporadic disease. 
D)  latent infection. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  nosocomial infection. 
B)  communicable disease. 
C)  sporadic disease. 
D)  latent infection. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 8

The major significance of Robert Kochʹs work is that

Accepted Answer

A)  microorganisms can be cultured. 
B)  microorganisms cause disease. 
C)  microorganisms are present in a diseased animal. 
D)  diseases can be transmitted from one animal to another. 
E)  microorganisms are the result of disease. 
A)  microorganisms can be cultured. 
B)  microorganisms cause disease. 
C)  microorganisms are present in a diseased animal. 
D)  diseases can be transmitted from one animal to another. 
E)  microorganisms are the result of disease.

Question 9

A researcher has performed a prospective study on a disease. To which specific kind of epidemiological study is this referring?

Accepted Answer

A)  analytical 
B)  prodromal 
C)  case control 
D)  experimental 
E)  descriptive 
A)  analytical 
B)  prodromal 
C)  case control 
D)  experimental 
E)  descriptive

Question 10

Symptoms of disease differ from signs of disease in that symptoms

Accepted Answer

A)  are changes felt by the patient. 
B)  are specific for a particular disease. 
C)  always occur as part of a syndrome. 
D)  are changes observed by the physician. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  are changes felt by the patient. 
B)  are specific for a particular disease. 
C)  always occur as part of a syndrome. 
D)  are changes observed by the physician. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 11

Which of the following is a fomite?

Accepted Answer

A)  a hypodermic needle 
B)  insects 
C)  water 
D)  pus 
E)  droplets from a sneeze 
A)  a hypodermic needle 
B)  insects 
C)  water 
D)  pus 
E)  droplets from a sneeze

Question 12

Figure 14.2   In Figure 14.2, when is the prevalence the highest?

Accepted Answer

A)  February 
B)  January 
C)  July 
D)  March 
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. 
A)  February 
B)  January 
C)  July 
D)  March 
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor of disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic background 
B)  occupation 
C)  lifestyle 
D)  climate 
E)  All of these are predisposing factors of disease. 
A)  genetic background 
B)  occupation 
C)  lifestyle 
D)  climate 
E)  All of these are predisposing factors of disease.

Question 14

A host is not considered diseased until an infection changes oneʹs state of health.)

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Reservoirs of infections are always animate objects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Transient microbiota differ from normal microbiota in that transient microbiota

Accepted Answer

A)  are always acquired by direct contact. 
B)  never cause disease. 
C)  are found in a certain location on the host. 
D)  are present for a relatively short time. 
E)  cause diseases. 
A)  are always acquired by direct contact. 
B)  never cause disease. 
C)  are found in a certain location on the host. 
D)  are present for a relatively short time. 
E)  cause diseases.

Question 17

Which one of the following is NOT a zoonosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome 
B)  tapeworm 
C)  rabies 
D)  cat-scratch disease 
E)  All of these are zoonoses. 
A)  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome 
B)  tapeworm 
C)  rabies 
D)  cat-scratch disease 
E)  All of these are zoonoses.

Question 18

The yeast Candida albicans does not normally cause disease because of

Accepted Answer

A)  antagonistic bacteria. 
B)  other fungi. 
C)  commensal bacteria. 
D)  symbiotic bacteria. 
E)  parasitic bacteria. 
A)  antagonistic bacteria. 
B)  other fungi. 
C)  commensal bacteria. 
D)  symbiotic bacteria. 
E)  parasitic bacteria.

Question 19

Koch observed Bacillus anthracis multiplying in the blood of cattle. What is this condition called?

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteremia 
B)  systemic infection 
C)  focal infection 
D)  local infection 
E)  septicemia 
A)  bacteremia 
B)  systemic infection 
C)  focal infection 
D)  local infection 
E)  septicemia

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT an example of microbial antagonism?

Accepted Answer

A)  acid production by bacteria 
B)  bacteria causing disease 
C)  bacteriocin production 
D)  bacteria occupying host receptors 
E)  bacteria producing vitamin K 
A)  acid production by bacteria 
B)  bacteria causing disease 
C)  bacteriocin production 
D)  bacteria occupying host receptors 
E)  bacteria producing vitamin K

Exam 14: Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

A needlestick is an example of

Which of the following statements about biological transmission is FALSE?

The rise in herd immunity amongst a population can be directly attributed to

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Both normal and transient flora can become opportunistic pathogens.

Focal infections initially start out as

Pseudomonas bacteria colonized the bile duct of a patient following his liver transplant surgery. This is an example of a

The major significance of Robert Kochʹs work is that

A researcher has performed a prospective study on a disease. To which specific kind of epidemiological study is this referring?

Symptoms of disease differ from signs of disease in that symptoms

Which of the following is a fomite?

Figure 14.2 In Figure 14.2, when is the prevalence the highest?

Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor of disease?

A host is not considered diseased until an infection changes oneʹs state of health.)

Reservoirs of infections are always animate objects.

Transient microbiota differ from normal microbiota in that transient microbiota

Which one of the following is NOT a zoonosis?

The yeast Candida albicans does not normally cause disease because of

Koch observed Bacillus anthracis multiplying in the blood of cattle. What is this condition called?

Which of the following is NOT an example of microbial antagonism?

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Disease of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

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