Question 1

Which of the following regions has the greatest distribution of HIV infection and AIDS in the world?

Accepted Answer

A)  sub-Saharan Africa 
B)  North America 
C)  Latin America 
D)  South and Southeast Asia 
E)  Eastern Europe and Central Asia 
A)  sub-Saharan Africa 
B)  North America 
C)  Latin America 
D)  South and Southeast Asia 
E)  Eastern Europe and Central Asia A

Question 2

A healthy immune system destroys cancer cells with

Accepted Answer

A)  CTLs and activated macrophages. 
B)  activated macrophages. 
C)  tumor-specific antigens. 
D)  CD+ T cells. 
E)  CTLs. 
A)  CTLs and activated macrophages. 
B)  activated macrophages. 
C)  tumor-specific antigens. 
D)  CD+ T cells. 
E)  CTLs. A

Question 3

The process of desensitization to prevent allergies involves the injection of increasing amounts of

Accepted Answer

A)  antihistamine. 
B)  antigen. 
C)  IgG. 
D)  RhoGAM. 
E)  IgE. 
A)  antihistamine. 
B)  antigen. 
C)  IgG. 
D)  RhoGAM. 
E)  IgE. B

Question 4

Figure 19.1
  
-In immune complex reaction shown in Figure 19.1, what is the small, circular/spherical structure labeled ʺaʺ?

Accepted Answer

A)  antigen 
B)  mast cell 
C)  antibody 
D)  complement 
E)  neutrophil 
A)  antigen 
B)  mast cell 
C)  antibody 
D)  complement 
E)  neutrophil

Question 5

Xenotransplantation is an effective alternative to using isografts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

In rheumatoid arthritis, IgM, IgG, and complement deposit in joints. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  immunosuppression. 
B)  cytotoxic autoimmunity. 
C)  immune complex autoimmunity. 
D)  cell-mediated autoimmunity. 
E)  acquired immunodeficiency. 
A)  immunosuppression. 
B)  cytotoxic autoimmunity. 
C)  immune complex autoimmunity. 
D)  cell-mediated autoimmunity. 
E)  acquired immunodeficiency.

Question 7

Which of the following types of transplant is least compatible?

Accepted Answer

A)  allograft 
B)  isograft 
C)  autograft 
D)  xenotransplant 
E)  All of these types of transplant are equally compatible. 
A)  allograft 
B)  isograft 
C)  autograft 
D)  xenotransplant 
E)  All of these types of transplant are equally compatible.

Question 8

Chemotherapy to inhibit the progression of HIV infection utilizes all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  termination of viral DNA. 
B)  blockage of viral attachment. 
C)  inhibition of viral proteases. 
D)  prohibition of viral integration into host cell DNA. 
E)  destruction of viral ribosomes. 
A)  termination of viral DNA. 
B)  blockage of viral attachment. 
C)  inhibition of viral proteases. 
D)  prohibition of viral integration into host cell DNA. 
E)  destruction of viral ribosomes.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about type IV reactions is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reactions are primarily due to T cell proliferation. 
B)  Allergic contact dermatitis is an example. 
C)  Reactions are not apparent for a day or more. 
D)  Cytokines initiate tissue damage. 
E)  Hemolytic disease of the newborn is an example. 
A)  Reactions are primarily due to T cell proliferation. 
B)  Allergic contact dermatitis is an example. 
C)  Reactions are not apparent for a day or more. 
D)  Cytokines initiate tissue damage. 
E)  Hemolytic disease of the newborn is an example.

Question 10

HIV spikes attach to CD4+ receptors found on

Accepted Answer

A)  T helper cells. 
B)  macrophages. 
C)  dendritic cells. 
D)  T helper cells and macrophages. 
E)  T helper cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. 
A)  T helper cells. 
B)  macrophages. 
C)  dendritic cells. 
D)  T helper cells and macrophages. 
E)  T helper cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells.

Question 11

Which is true regarding Herceptin therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is used to treat some breast cancer patients. 
B)  It is a vaccine to prevent the development of cancer. 
C)  It is an endotoxin that stimulates TNF by macrophages. 
D)  It acts as an immunotoxin to target and kill cancer cells. 
E)  It neutralizes the growth factor EGF. 
A)  It is used to treat some breast cancer patients. 
B)  It is a vaccine to prevent the development of cancer. 
C)  It is an endotoxin that stimulates TNF by macrophages. 
D)  It acts as an immunotoxin to target and kill cancer cells. 
E)  It neutralizes the growth factor EGF.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about type I reactions is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The symptoms are due to histamine. 
B)  They involve IgE antibodies. 
C)  Antibodies bind to mast cells and basophils. 
D)  They involve helper T cells. 
E)  The symptoms occur soon after exposure to an antigen. 
A)  The symptoms are due to histamine. 
B)  They involve IgE antibodies. 
C)  Antibodies bind to mast cells and basophils. 
D)  They involve helper T cells. 
E)  The symptoms occur soon after exposure to an antigen.

Question 13

The symptoms of an immune complex reaction are due to

Accepted Answer

A)  cytokines. 
B)  destruction of the antigen. 
C)  complement activation. 
D)  antibodies against self. 
E)  phagocytosis. 
A)  cytokines. 
B)  destruction of the antigen. 
C)  complement activation. 
D)  antibodies against self. 
E)  phagocytosis.

Question 14

Anaphylaxis is the term for reactions caused when certain antigens combine with

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG antibodies. 
B)  complement. 
C)  macrophages. 
D)  histamine. 
E)  IgE antibodies. 
A)  IgG antibodies. 
B)  complement. 
C)  macrophages. 
D)  histamine. 
E)  IgE antibodies.

Question 15

Figure 19.1
  
-In immune complex reaction shown in Figure 19.1, what is the end result of the reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Complement is activated. 
B)  Neutrophils are attracted and release enzymes. 
C)  Antibodies destroy neutrophils. 
D)  IgG is directed against cell membrane antigens. 
E)  Endothelial cells are damaged. 
A)  Complement is activated. 
B)  Neutrophils are attracted and release enzymes. 
C)  Antibodies destroy neutrophils. 
D)  IgG is directed against cell membrane antigens. 
E)  Endothelial cells are damaged.

Question 16

The number of T cells drops to below 200 cells/microliter in which phase of HIV infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  initial phase 
B)  phase 1 
C)  phase 3 
D)  phase 2 
E)  asymptomatic phase 
A)  initial phase 
B)  phase 1 
C)  phase 3 
D)  phase 2 
E)  asymptomatic phase

Question 17

In the serological method for tissue typing, if human cells expressing HLA -I are mixed with anti-HLA-I, complement, and trypan blue, what would indicate the cells are HLA -I?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enzyme is released from neutrophils. 
B)  Trypan blue enters the cells. 
C)  Cells are damaged by complement. 
D)  Anti-HLA antibodies bind to HLAs on lymphocytes. 
E)  None of the answers are correct; the T cells are missing. 
A)  Enzyme is released from neutrophils. 
B)  Trypan blue enters the cells. 
C)  Cells are damaged by complement. 
D)  Anti-HLA antibodies bind to HLAs on lymphocytes. 
E)  None of the answers are correct; the T cells are missing.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about human embryonic stem cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are pluripotent and typically obtained from the blastocyst stage of embryonic development. 
B)  They are pluripotent. 
C)  They are typically obtained from the zygote stage of embryonic development. 
D)  They are obtained in great numbers from umbilical cords of newborns. 
E)  They express no MHC II antigens. 
A)  They are pluripotent and typically obtained from the blastocyst stage of embryonic development. 
B)  They are pluripotent. 
C)  They are typically obtained from the zygote stage of embryonic development. 
D)  They are obtained in great numbers from umbilical cords of newborns. 
E)  They express no MHC II antigens.

Question 19

HIV can evade host antibodies by

Accepted Answer

A)  causing cell-to-cell fusion. 
B)  remaining an inactive provirus, causing cell to cell fusion, and virions remaining latent in vacuoles. 
C)  virions remaining latent in vacuoles. 
D)  remaining an inactive provirus. 
E)  lowering the CD4+ cell count. 
A)  causing cell-to-cell fusion. 
B)  remaining an inactive provirus, causing cell to cell fusion, and virions remaining latent in vacuoles. 
C)  virions remaining latent in vacuoles. 
D)  remaining an inactive provirus. 
E)  lowering the CD4+ cell count.

Question 20

All hypersensitivities involve antibody-antigen reactions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 19: Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Which of the following regions has the greatest distribution of HIV infection and AIDS in the world?

A healthy immune system destroys cancer cells with

The process of desensitization to prevent allergies involves the injection of increasing amounts of

Figure 19.1 -In immune complex reaction shown in Figure 19.1, what is the small, circular/spherical structure labeled ʺaʺ?

Xenotransplantation is an effective alternative to using isografts.

In rheumatoid arthritis, IgM, IgG, and complement deposit in joints. This is an example of

Which of the following types of transplant is least compatible?

Chemotherapy to inhibit the progression of HIV infection utilizes all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT

Which of the following statements about type IV reactions is FALSE?

HIV spikes attach to CD4+ receptors found on

Which is true regarding Herceptin therapy?

Which of the following statements about type I reactions is FALSE?

The symptoms of an immune complex reaction are due to

Anaphylaxis is the term for reactions caused when certain antigens combine with

Figure 19.1 -In immune complex reaction shown in Figure 19.1, what is the end result of the reaction?

The number of T cells drops to below 200 cells/microliter in which phase of HIV infection?

In the serological method for tissue typing, if human cells expressing HLA -I are mixed with anti-HLA-I, complement, and trypan blue, what would indicate the cells are HLA -I?

Which of the following statements about human embryonic stem cells is TRUE?

HIV can evade host antibodies by

All hypersensitivities involve antibody-antigen reactions.

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Disease of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Filters