Question 1

The home pregnancy test kit is an example of a direct ELISA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

The clumping of test red blood cells indicates a negative test result (no antibodies against the virus in the patientʹs serum) in the

Accepted Answer

A)  precipitation test. 
B)  indirect agglutination test. 
C)  direct agglutination test. 
D)  viral hemagglutination inhibition test. 
E)  complement-fixation test. 
A)  precipitation test. 
B)  indirect agglutination test. 
C)  direct agglutination test. 
D)  viral hemagglutination inhibition test. 
E)  complement-fixation test. D

Question 3

A hybridoma results from the fusion of a(an)

Accepted Answer

A)  antigen with an antibody. 
B)  B cell with a T cell. 
C)  antigen with a B cell. 
D)  B cell with a myeloma cell. 
E)  myeloma cell with a virus. 
A)  antigen with an antibody. 
B)  B cell with a T cell. 
C)  antigen with a B cell. 
D)  B cell with a myeloma cell. 
E)  myeloma cell with a virus. D

Question 4

Haemophilus capsule polysaccharide plus diphtheria toxoid is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  inactivated whole-agent vaccine. 
B)  attenuated whole-agent vaccine. 
C)  conjugated vaccine. 
D)  subunit vaccine. 
E)  toxoid vaccine. 
A)  inactivated whole-agent vaccine. 
B)  attenuated whole-agent vaccine. 
C)  conjugated vaccine. 
D)  subunit vaccine. 
E)  toxoid vaccine.

Question 5

In a vaccine preparation, the term ʺattenuatedʺ means that the agent does NOT replicate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

An injection of ʺnakedʺ DNA into muscle cells to induce an immune response against the proteins encoded by the DNA is an example of a subunit vaccine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Vaccines are preparations of organisms or fractions of organisms that are used to induce protective immune responses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

A reaction between antibody and particulate antigen is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  agglutination reaction. 
B)  complement fixation. 
C)  immunofluorescence. 
D)  neutralization reaction. 
E)  precipitation reaction. 
A)  agglutination reaction. 
B)  complement fixation. 
C)  immunofluorescence. 
D)  neutralization reaction. 
E)  precipitation reaction.

Question 9

Toxoid vaccines, such as the vaccines against diphtheria and tetanus, elicit a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  antibody response against gram-positive bacteria. 
B)  antibody response against these bacterial toxins. 
C)  TC cell response. 
D)  immune complex. 
E)  dendritic cell proliferation. 
A)  antibody response against gram-positive bacteria. 
B)  antibody response against these bacterial toxins. 
C)  TC cell response. 
D)  immune complex. 
E)  dendritic cell proliferation.

Question 10

Which of the following are sources of antibodies for serological testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  cells producing monoclonal antibodies 
B)  vaccinated animals 
C)  vaccinated animals, cells producing monoclonal antibodies, and viral cultures 
D)  vaccinated animals and cells producing monoclonal antibodies 
E)  viral cultures 
A)  cells producing monoclonal antibodies 
B)  vaccinated animals 
C)  vaccinated animals, cells producing monoclonal antibodies, and viral cultures 
D)  vaccinated animals and cells producing monoclonal antibodies 
E)  viral cultures

Question 11

Figure 18.1
  
-Figure 18.1 is an illustration of a(an)

Accepted Answer

A)  negative indirect ELISA test. 
B)  positive indirect ELISA test. 
C)  complement fixation test. 
D)  precipitation test. 
E)  hemagglutination test. 
A)  negative indirect ELISA test. 
B)  positive indirect ELISA test. 
C)  complement fixation test. 
D)  precipitation test. 
E)  hemagglutination test.

Question 12

A DNA plasmid encoding a protein antigen from West Nile virus is injected into muscle cells of a horse. This is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  live whole-agent vaccine. 
B)  conjugated vaccine. 
C)  subunit vaccine. 
D)  nucleic acid vaccine. 
E)  attenuated whole-agent vaccine. 
A)  live whole-agent vaccine. 
B)  conjugated vaccine. 
C)  subunit vaccine. 
D)  nucleic acid vaccine. 
E)  attenuated whole-agent vaccine.

Question 13

Dead Bordetella pertussis can be used in a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  inactivated whole-agent vaccine. 
B)  attenuated whole-agent vaccine. 
C)  conjugated vaccine. 
D)  subunit vaccine. 
E)  toxoid vaccine. 
A)  inactivated whole-agent vaccine. 
B)  attenuated whole-agent vaccine. 
C)  conjugated vaccine. 
D)  subunit vaccine. 
E)  toxoid vaccine.

Question 14

A highly specific diagnostic test will be unlikely to indicate a positive result if a specimen being tested is a true negative.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A patient shows the presence of antibodies against diphtheria toxin. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  A recent transfusion may have passively introduced the antibodies. 
B)  The patient may have had the disease and has recovered. 
C)  The patient may have the disease. 
D)  The patient may have been vaccinated. 
E)  The patient was near someone who had the disease. 
A)  A recent transfusion may have passively introduced the antibodies. 
B)  The patient may have had the disease and has recovered. 
C)  The patient may have the disease. 
D)  The patient may have been vaccinated. 
E)  The patient was near someone who had the disease.

Question 16

Table 18.1
Antibody Titer
 $$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | l | } 
\hline & \text { Day 1 } & \text { Day } 7 & \text { Day 14 } & \text { Day 21 } \
\hline \text { Patient A } & 0 & 0 & 256 & 512 \
\hline \text { Patient B } & 128 & 256 & 512 & 1024 \
\hline \text { Patient C } & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \
\hline \text { Patient D } & 128 & 128 & 128 & 128 \
\hline
\end{array}$$
-In Table 18.1, who showed seroconversion during these observations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Patient A 
B)  Patient B 
C)  Patient C 
D)  Patient D 
A)  Patient A 
B)  Patient B 
C)  Patient C 
D)  Patient D

Question 17

Adjuvants such as aluminum salts are used as additives in vaccines to enhance immune responses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following is a test to determine a patientʹs blood type by mixing the patientʹs red blood cells with antisera?

Accepted Answer

A)  immunofluorescence 
B)  precipitation reaction 
C)  passive agglutination reaction 
D)  neutralization reaction 
E)  direct agglutination reaction 
A)  immunofluorescence 
B)  precipitation reaction 
C)  passive agglutination reaction 
D)  neutralization reaction 
E)  direct agglutination reaction

Question 19

Live weakened polio virus can be used directly in a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  inactivated whole-agent vaccine. 
B)  attenuated whole-agent vaccine. 
C)  conjugated vaccine. 
D)  subunit vaccine. 
E)  toxoid vaccine. 
A)  inactivated whole-agent vaccine. 
B)  attenuated whole-agent vaccine. 
C)  conjugated vaccine. 
D)  subunit vaccine. 
E)  toxoid vaccine.

Question 20

In an immunodiffusion test to diagnose histoplasmosis, a patientʹs serum is placed in a well in an agar plate. In a positive test, a line forms as the serum diffuses from the well and meets material diffusing from a second well. What type of test is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  a precipitation reaction 
B)  a direct ELISA test 
C)  a complement-fixation test 
D)  an agglutination reaction 
E)  an indirect ELISA test 
A)  a precipitation reaction 
B)  a direct ELISA test 
C)  a complement-fixation test 
D)  an agglutination reaction 
E)  an indirect ELISA test

Exam 18: Practical Applications of Immunology

The home pregnancy test kit is an example of a direct ELISA.

The clumping of test red blood cells indicates a negative test result (no antibodies against the virus in the patientʹs serum) in the

A hybridoma results from the fusion of a(an)

Haemophilus capsule polysaccharide plus diphtheria toxoid is a(n)

In a vaccine preparation, the term ʺattenuatedʺ means that the agent does NOT replicate.

An injection of ʺnakedʺ DNA into muscle cells to induce an immune response against the proteins encoded by the DNA is an example of a subunit vaccine.

Vaccines are preparations of organisms or fractions of organisms that are used to induce protective immune responses.

A reaction between antibody and particulate antigen is called a(n)

Toxoid vaccines, such as the vaccines against diphtheria and tetanus, elicit a(n)

Which of the following are sources of antibodies for serological testing?

Figure 18.1 -Figure 18.1 is an illustration of a(an)

A DNA plasmid encoding a protein antigen from West Nile virus is injected into muscle cells of a horse. This is an example of a(n)

Dead Bordetella pertussis can be used in a(n)

A highly specific diagnostic test will be unlikely to indicate a positive result if a specimen being tested is a true negative.

A patient shows the presence of antibodies against diphtheria toxin. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Table 18.1 Antibody Titer Day 1 Day 7 Day 14 Day 21 Patient A 0 0 256 512 Patient B 128 256 512 1024 Patient C 0 0 0 0 Patient D 128 128 128 128 -In Table 18.1, who showed seroconversion during these observations?

Adjuvants such as aluminum salts are used as additives in vaccines to enhance immune responses.

Which of the following is a test to determine a patientʹs blood type by mixing the patientʹs red blood cells with antisera?

Live weakened polio virus can be used directly in a(n)

In an immunodiffusion test to diagnose histoplasmosis, a patientʹs serum is placed in a well in an agar plate. In a positive test, a line forms as the serum diffuses from the well and meets material diffusing from a second well. What type of test is this?

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Disease of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

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