Exam 4: Prenatal Development

Assume a pregnant woman is exposed to a teratogen during her pregnancy.For each time period listed,identify the structures that are most likely to be affected,and indicate the extent to which they are likely to be affected.Exposure during week 3,week 5,week 8,week 16,and week 25.

Suppose that Baby T received two X chromosomes at the time of conception and,high levels of testosterone are released during the third month of the pregnancy.Based on this information,what can you conclude regarding the development of Baby T's reproductive system?

Which of the following best characterizes a baby born at 28 weeks post-conception?

What congenital abnormalities are associated with prenatal exposure to rubella?

Apgar and Beck stated: "All of the structures which will be present when the baby is born ...have already been formed ...not an it,but a he or she; not an indistinct cluster of cells,but an increasingly recognizable,unique human being in the making." When is the earliest point in the pregnancy that such a description would be accurate?

When do the most dramatic changes in organ systems and body structures take place during pregnancy?

Amanda was in a car accident.She is experiencing extreme pain in her pelvis and lower back and she cannot walk.The emergency room physician suspects that she has fractured her pelvis and recommends further tests,including taking X-rays of her lower abdomen,chest,and upper thighs.If Amanda is 10 weeks pregnant,should she be concerned about having the X-rays?

Which period comprises the first two weeks of a pregnancy,from conception to implantation?

During which period of prenatal development is the unborn child most vulnerable to the effects of various teratogens?

What does evidence on the effects of alcohol consumption during pregnancy strongly suggest?

What outcome is associated with consumption of fish contaminated with PCBs during pregnancy?

Justin is a chef and applying professional standards for handling food products in a safe and sanitary way is second nature to him.Recently,his pregnant wife has taken over their meal preparations.Given the pregnancy,what foods would Justin be concerned about his wife preparing?

Which substance typically does not pass through the placenta to the developing embryo?

Physicians now routinely advise pregnant women to stop smoking,at least during the pregnancy.What impact does exposure to cigarette smoke have on the developing embryo or fetus?

Briefly describe the evidence that teratogens may affect the developing child via the father.

Use of opioid drugs such as codeine and heroin during pregnancy has been shown to have which effect on the developing child?

During her early pregnancy,Sarina was exposed to a very small "dose" of radiation during a dental procedure.How will this exposure affect her developing fetus?

During which time period following conception are teratogens most likely to produce major structural abnormalities?

What is the primary reason that teratogenic agents cause serious malformations of organs and systems during the first trimester of pregnancy?

The placenta is fed by blood vessels from the mother and the embryo/fetus.How are the two blood supplies related?