Exam 3: Social Cognition

In trying to decide which of two classmates is smarter,you use the rule,"the faster people talk,the smarter they are," and you choose the classmate who talks faster.You have applied a _______ to decide who is smarter.

In short,counterfactual thinking can be described as

You were supposed to make an important presentation at work,but you overslept and the bus was late,so you missed the meeting.If you are able to generate many ways in which to "undo" this terrible outcome you are likely to experience _______ emotional reaction.

In a study by Hedden and colleagues (2008)examining brain activity,East Asian and European Americans underwent an fMRI while focusing on either a target or the context of a picture.In which circumstances did European Americans show greater attention?

When Jana was chiding herself for losing her favorite necklace and reciting a list of all the things she could have done to prevent the loss,her grandmother said,"Now,Jana.Don't cry over spilled milk." In essence,Jana's grandmother was advising her to

Korsakov's syndrome is a neurological disorder that makes sufferers unable to form new memories.The world is disorienting and incoherent to patients with this disorder,so they often confabulate or invent fictions to

One of the authors of your text supervised an honours student from China who attended a curling championship in Winnipeg.The student was very amused to see people paying so much money to watch "a couple of guys mopping the floor." This story suggests that

In the study by Kunda,Sinclair,and Griffin (1997),participants were told that a person was either a salesperson or an actor and very extroverted.Participants generated descriptions of the person that

Getting trapped in one's thoughts about unpleasant events and an inability to move on from them is a risk of

Iain is from Australia,where people drive on the left-hand side of the road.When he moved to Canada,his accident rate was higher than any of his friends'.Why might this be?

Define each of the following mental shortcuts and explain why each may be inaccurate: (1)the availability heuristic,and (2)the representativeness heuristic.

During the last Canadian election,there was a televised debate among the candidates for Prime Minister.After the debate,supporters of each side thought that their candidate had performed the best in the debate.The supporters' judgments were probably affected by

You and your friend have a big assignment due today in your English class.You ask how your friend's paper turned out,and he mentions that he hasn't yet gotten around to writing it.Shocked,you ask him what he's going to tell the professor.He replies,"Oh,it won't be a problem.All female professors are pushovers; she'll let me turn the paper in next week." You tell your friend that you don't think all female professors are pushovers,but he doesn't seem worried.His conviction that his reasoning is correct is called the

When thinking about the film Casablanca,many people erroneously remember the Humphrey Bogart line,"Play it again,Sam." In reality,Bogart never said that line.This example illustrates that memory is

So much research has been dedicated to automatic thinking because

Recall that Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson (1968)informed grade school teachers that some of their students (called "bloomers")would show great academic improvement in the upcoming year.Also recall that students labeled "bloomers" actually showed greater increases on IQ tests,compared to students who were not labeled "bloomers." These differences occurred because teachers

In a study by Hedden and colleagues (2008)examining brain activity,East Asian and European Americans underwent an fMRI while focusing on either a target or the context of a picture.When asked to focus on the context of a picture,European Americans' ________ regions of the brain were more active.

You stayed up all night cramming for an examination and didn't do as well as you had hoped."If only I had started studying sooner and gotten a good night's rest,I'd have done much better," you think to yourself.You have just engaged in

When confronted with "H H H H T T T T T T" as a summary of the results of a series of 10 flips of a coin,most people will view that series as "less random" than a summary of results that looks like "H H T H T T H T H T," even though the odds of a "head" on the next toss is 50/50 in each case.Why? Their estimates have been biased by

Among the features of an analytic thinking style is