Exam 1: An Introduction to Child Development

Which of the following statements about naturalistic observation is NOT true?

A researcher would be MOST likely to use naturalistic observation to explore:

Test-retest reliability refers to:

In the research by Blackwell, Trzeniewski, and Dweck described in the text, researchers created an educational program for low-income middle school students. Which of the following groups of children showed the most substantial improvement in math grades?

Which early philosopher believed that children learn through spontaneous interactions with the physical world and other people and therefore, parents should give their children maximum freedom to explore? •Rousseau •Aristotle •Locke •Plato

A correlation of -1.00 indicates that:

One of the earliest examples of research conducted for the benefit of children was:

Which of the following characteristics is entirely the result of biological endowment?

Suppose you read an article that indicates that there is a strong positive correlation between the number of friends a child has and a child's level of school satisfaction (i.e., how much a child likes school). Do you believe this association is correlation or causation? Make an argument that this association is a causal one, being sure to explain what you believe is the direction

A class of third-grade children is split into two groups through random assignment. Group A is given training in a new game, and Group B is not. Training in the new game is referred to as the variable, and game- playing skill at the conclusion of the study is referred to as the variable.

The emergence of theories such as those of Freud and Watson in the early twentieth century reflected the:

A researcher is interested in examining the association between how humorous children are and their school achievement. Two observers go to children's homes and judge children as "not funny at all," "slightly funny," or "very funny." On comparison of the observers' judgments, it is apparent that the observers have a high level of disagreement as to children's humor level. This measure of humor level has poor:

A main advantage of the structured observation is that: •it can reveal the child's subjective experience. •it helps illuminate social interaction processes. •it ensures all children's behaviors are observed in the same context. •it reveals more about subjective experiences than interviews.

The physical, social, cultural, economic, and historical circumstances that make up a child's environment are known as: •variation. •sociocultural context. •selection. •continuity.

Which of the following factors is an example of a way in which children shape their own development?

Which of the following statements is NOT part of the logic of experimental designs?

A disadvantage of naturalistic observation is that: •it is difficult to know which aspects of the situation caused other aspects to occur. •the context is not as natural as structured observation. •the prediction of future behavior is often inaccurate. •reports are often biased.

Which of the following statements about the study on the development of popularity discussed in the text is true?

toddlers into two groups-one whose members will be asked to wear the new training diapers until they are potty-trained and one whose members will wear their usual diapers. Answer the following questions about this study: (1) What is the researcher's hypothesis? (2) How should the researcher split the 100 toddlers into two groups? (3) Which group is the experimental group and which is the control group? (4) What is the independent variable? (5) What is the dependent variable? (6) What results will the

Which of the following methods is the best way to divide participants into groups for an experiment?