Question 1

The pendulum problem described in the text is used to examine children's:

Accepted Answer

A) systematic thinking. 
B) egocentrism. 
C) symbolic representations. 
D) conservation. 
A) systematic thinking. 
B) egocentrism. 
C) symbolic representations. 
D) conservation. A

Question 2

Sociocultural theorists focus on children as all of the following beings EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) teachers. 
B) products of their culture. 
C) learners. 
D) theorists. 
A) teachers. 
B) products of their culture. 
C) learners. 
D) theorists. D

Question 3

Mira, who is 8 years old, has loved animals since she was a preschooler, and she knows lots of information about them. She takes a trip to the zoo with her friend, Danielle. Danielle is 10 years old, and although she likes animals, she does not know nearly as much about them as Mira does. According to information-processing theories, who is likely to learn more from a guided tour by an animal expert, Mira or Danielle?

Accepted Answer

A) Danielle, because she is older and thus better able to remember things 
B) Mira, because she is younger and has a more pliable memory structure 
C) Danielle, because she has so much more to learn 
D) Mira, because her higher level of knowledge enables her to have better memory for new information 
A) Danielle, because she is older and thus better able to remember things 
B) Mira, because she is younger and has a more pliable memory structure 
C) Danielle, because she has so much more to learn 
D) Mira, because her higher level of knowledge enables her to have better memory for new information D

Question 4

According to Vygotsky, the level at which parents can optimally support children's thinking is:

Accepted Answer

A) the level at which children can perform without assistance. 
B) a level that is slightly higher than the level at which children can perform without assistance. 
C) a level that is significantly higher than the level at which children can perform without assistance. 
D) Vygotsky does not propose an optimal level. 
A) the level at which children can perform without assistance. 
B) a level that is slightly higher than the level at which children can perform without assistance. 
C) a level that is significantly higher than the level at which children can perform without assistance. 
D) Vygotsky does not propose an optimal level.

Question 5

Research following a dynamic-systems perspective has demonstrated that the A-not-B error appears to be caused by:

Accepted Answer

A) lack of the concept of object permanence. 
B) poor motivation to find the toy. 
C) previous attention and reaching to location A. 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers is correct. 
A) lack of the concept of object permanence. 
B) poor motivation to find the toy. 
C) previous attention and reaching to location A. 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is a weakness of Piaget's theory?

Accepted Answer

A) Piaget was too specific about the cognitive processes involved in cognitive growth. 
B) Piaget paid little attention to the influence of the social world on cognitive development. 
C) Piaget's use of easy tasks overestimated infants' and young children's competencies. 
D) Children's thinking within each stage is not as consistent as Piaget described. 
E) Both A and C are weaknesses.
F)Both B and D are weaknesses. 
A) Piaget was too specific about the cognitive processes involved in cognitive growth. 
B) Piaget paid little attention to the influence of the social world on cognitive development. 
C) Piaget's use of easy tasks overestimated infants' and young children's competencies. 
D) Children's thinking within each stage is not as consistent as Piaget described. 
E) Both A and C are weaknesses.
F)Both B and D are weaknesses.

Question 7

Task analyses, analyses of cognitive processes, and a general view of children as problem solvers are all characteristic of:

Accepted Answer

A) Piagetian theory. 
B) information-processing theories. 
C) core-knowledge theories. 
D) sociocultural theories. 
A) Piagetian theory. 
B) information-processing theories. 
C) core-knowledge theories. 
D) sociocultural theories.

Question 8

The mutual understanding that people share during communication is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) social scaffolding. 
B) guided participation. 
C) intersubjectivity. 
D) proximal development. 
A) social scaffolding. 
B) guided participation. 
C) intersubjectivity. 
D) proximal development.

Question 9

Which is NOT an element of task analysis?

Accepted Answer

A) identification of limited capacity 
B) identification of goals 
C) identification of relevant information in the environment 
D) identification of processing strategies 
A) identification of limited capacity 
B) identification of goals 
C) identification of relevant information in the environment 
D) identification of processing strategies

Question 10

According to dynamic-systems theories, which of the following aspects is a constant across the process of development?

Accepted Answer

A) change 
B) learning mechanisms 
C) memory capacity 
D) learning through scaffolding 
A) change 
B) learning mechanisms 
C) memory capacity 
D) learning through scaffolding

Question 11

The first sign that infants are gaining the ability to form enduring mental representations is referred to in Piagetian theory as:

Accepted Answer

A) object permanence. 
B) the A-not-B error. 
C) deferred imitation. 
D) symbolic representation. 
A) object permanence. 
B) the A-not-B error. 
C) deferred imitation. 
D) symbolic representation.

Question 12

Which is a major difference between the formal operations stage and the three previous stages?

Accepted Answer

A) The formal operations stage has a broad applicability across topics and contexts. 
B) Not all individuals reach the formal operations stage. 
C) The formal operations stage can sometimes be attained before one of the three previous stages. 
D) The formal operations stage does not exhibit qualitative change. 
A) The formal operations stage has a broad applicability across topics and contexts. 
B) Not all individuals reach the formal operations stage. 
C) The formal operations stage can sometimes be attained before one of the three previous stages. 
D) The formal operations stage does not exhibit qualitative change.

Question 13

Which of the following statements does NOT describe a characteristic of Piaget's stages?

Accepted Answer

A) The transitions from one stage to another are instantaneous. 
B) No stages are ever skipped. 
C) The type of thinking typical of a particular stage pervades thinking across diverse content areas. 
D) The type of thinking typical of a particular stage is qualitatively different from the type of thinking typical of the previous stage. 
A) The transitions from one stage to another are instantaneous. 
B) No stages are ever skipped. 
C) The type of thinking typical of a particular stage pervades thinking across diverse content areas. 
D) The type of thinking typical of a particular stage is qualitatively different from the type of thinking typical of the previous stage.

Question 14

Describe two similarities and two differences between Piaget's theory and core-knowledge theories. Provide examples to support your statements.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe two similarities and two differences between...

Question 15

According to information-processing theories, which of the following lists is the typical problem-solving sequence?

Accepted Answer

A) goal, obstacle, strategy 
B) obstacle, strategy, goal 
C) memory, goal, strategy 
D) goal, strategy, memory 
A) goal, obstacle, strategy 
B) obstacle, strategy, goal 
C) memory, goal, strategy 
D) goal, strategy, memory

Question 16

With which of the following statements does the overlapping-waves approach agree?

Accepted Answer

A) At any given time, children possess several different strategies for solving a particular problem. 
B) Children cycle through strategies regardless of whether or not they are effective. 
C) Children of a given age use a particular strategy to solve a particular class of problems. 
D) With development, children add strategies to their repertoire without removing older strategies. 
E) Children's strategic variability accounts for their poor problem solving. 
A) At any given time, children possess several different strategies for solving a particular problem. 
B) Children cycle through strategies regardless of whether or not they are effective. 
C) Children of a given age use a particular strategy to solve a particular class of problems. 
D) With development, children add strategies to their repertoire without removing older strategies. 
E) Children's strategic variability accounts for their poor problem solving.

Question 17

theory(ies) is(are) particularly concerned with private speech.

Accepted Answer

A) Dynamic-systems 
B) Core-knowledge 
C) Piagetian 
D) Sociocultural 
E) Overlapping-waves 
A) Dynamic-systems 
B) Core-knowledge 
C) Piagetian 
D) Sociocultural 
E) Overlapping-waves

Question 18

An experimenter shows a child two clay "sausages" that are identical in size and shape and then allows the child to watch as she rolls one of the clay sausages into a longer, thinner sausage. The experimenter then asks
the child whether the two clay sausages still contain the same amount of clay. A child in Piaget's preoperational stage would be MOST likely to say:

Accepted Answer

A) "Yes, they have the same amount of clay." 
B) "No, the longer sausage has more clay than the shorter sausage." 
C) "No, the shorter sausage has more clay than the longer sausage." 
D) "Wait, I don't understand. How did you make that sausage bigger?" 
E) A child in the concrete operational stage would not be able to answer the question as he or she would not yet understand size comparisons. 
A) "Yes, they have the same amount of clay." 
B) "No, the longer sausage has more clay than the shorter sausage." 
C) "No, the shorter sausage has more clay than the longer sausage." 
D) "Wait, I don't understand. How did you make that sausage bigger?" 
E) A child in the concrete operational stage would not be able to answer the question as he or she would not yet understand size comparisons.

Question 19

The concept of social scaffolding is most similar to the concept of:

Accepted Answer

A) joint attention. 
B) guided participation. 
C) intersubjectivity. 
D) private speech. 
A) joint attention. 
B) guided participation. 
C) intersubjectivity. 
D) private speech.

Question 20

The visual cortex is especially active in
memory for sights.

Accepted Answer

A) sensory 
B) working 
C) both sensory and long-term 
D) both working and long-term 
A) sensory 
B) working 
C) both sensory and long-term 
D) both working and long-term

The pendulum problem described in the text is used to examine children's:

Sociocultural theorists focus on children as all of the following beings EXCEPT:

According to Vygotsky, the level at which parents can optimally support children's thinking is:

Research following a dynamic-systems perspective has demonstrated that the A-not-B error appears to be caused by:

Which of the following statements is a weakness of Piaget's theory?

Task analyses, analyses of cognitive processes, and a general view of children as problem solvers are all characteristic of:

The mutual understanding that people share during communication is referred to as:

Which is NOT an element of task analysis?

According to dynamic-systems theories, which of the following aspects is a constant across the process of development?

The first sign that infants are gaining the ability to form enduring mental representations is referred to in Piagetian theory as:

Which is a major difference between the formal operations stage and the three previous stages?

Which of the following statements does NOT describe a characteristic of Piaget's stages?

Describe two similarities and two differences between Piaget's theory and core-knowledge theories. Provide examples to support your statements.

According to information-processing theories, which of the following lists is the typical problem-solving sequence?

With which of the following statements does the overlapping-waves approach agree?

theory(ies) is(are) particularly concerned with private speech.

The concept of social scaffolding is most similar to the concept of:

The visual cortex is especially active in memory for sights.

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 4: Theories of Cognitive Development

The pendulum problem described in the text is used to examine children's:

Sociocultural theorists focus on children as all of the following beings EXCEPT:

According to Vygotsky, the level at which parents can optimally support children's thinking is:

Research following a dynamic-systems perspective has demonstrated that the A-not-B error appears to be caused by:

Which of the following statements is a weakness of Piaget's theory?

Task analyses, analyses of cognitive processes, and a general view of children as problem solvers are all characteristic of:

The mutual understanding that people share during communication is referred to as:

Which is NOT an element of task analysis?

According to dynamic-systems theories, which of the following aspects is a constant across the process of development?

The first sign that infants are gaining the ability to form enduring mental representations is referred to in Piagetian theory as:

Which is a major difference between the formal operations stage and the three previous stages?

Which of the following statements does NOT describe a characteristic of Piaget's stages?

Describe two similarities and two differences between Piaget's theory and core-knowledge theories. Provide examples to support your statements.

According to information-processing theories, which of the following lists is the typical problem-solving sequence?

With which of the following statements does the overlapping-waves approach agree?

theory(ies) is(are) particularly concerned with private speech.

The concept of social scaffolding is most similar to the concept of:

The visual cortex is especially active in memory for sights.

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters