Question 1

Social learning theorists believe that development is:

Accepted Answer

A) continuous. 
B) discontinuous. 
C) both continuous and discontinuous. 
D) not amenable to categories such as continuity. 
A) continuous. 
B) discontinuous. 
C) both continuous and discontinuous. 
D) not amenable to categories such as continuity. A

Question 2

The adorable nature of babies in their appearance and their coos and smiles is a particularly good example of which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A) nature eliciting nurture 
B) the importance of timing 
C) nature revealing itself over time 
D) the importance of the active interpretation of
experience 
A) nature eliciting nurture 
B) the importance of timing 
C) nature revealing itself over time 
D) the importance of the active interpretation of
experience A

Question 3

Which of the following terms is an example of a behavioral change mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A) metacognition 
B) imitation 
C) synaptic pruning 
D) children's informal theories 
A) metacognition 
B) imitation 
C) synaptic pruning 
D) children's informal theories B

Question 4

When do nature and nurture begin interacting?

Accepted Answer

A) prenatally 
B) at birth 
C) in infancy 
D) after infancy 
A) prenatally 
B) at birth 
C) in infancy 
D) after infancy

Question 5

Which of the following assertions is true of prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

A) Prenatal development is essentially completely due to nature, except when teratogens are involved. 
B) Prenatal development is purely the unfolding of innate potential. 
C) There are innumerable interactions between nature and nurture in the womb. 
D) The interaction of nature and nurture is limited to the control of the effects of nurture by the nature of the mother. 
A) Prenatal development is essentially completely due to nature, except when teratogens are involved. 
B) Prenatal development is purely the unfolding of innate potential. 
C) There are innumerable interactions between nature and nurture in the womb. 
D) The interaction of nature and nurture is limited to the control of the effects of nurture by the nature of the mother.

Question 6

Which theory best helps educators foster cooperation and collaboration in learning?

Accepted Answer

A) Piaget's theory 
B) information-processing theory 
C) sociocultural theory 
D) core-knowledge theory 
A) Piaget's theory 
B) information-processing theory 
C) sociocultural theory 
D) core-knowledge theory

Question 7

Which of the following statements is NOT an example of the importance of timing on the relation between nature and nurture?

Accepted Answer

A) Infants who are impulsive are more likely than other infants to exhibit antisocial behavior in later childhood. 
B) If infants who are born with a defect that inhibits their ability to focus their eyes on the same point are not given restorative surgery by the age of 3, they will never have normal depth perception. 
C) Infants have the ability to hear differences in phonemes that are not important in their native language, but they lose this ability after 12 months of age. 
D) Maternal rubella causes visual and auditory damage to the fetus when the rubella occurs early in pregnancy, but not when it occurs late in pregnancy. 
A) Infants who are impulsive are more likely than other infants to exhibit antisocial behavior in later childhood. 
B) If infants who are born with a defect that inhibits their ability to focus their eyes on the same point are not given restorative surgery by the age of 3, they will never have normal depth perception. 
C) Infants have the ability to hear differences in phonemes that are not important in their native language, but they lose this ability after 12 months of age. 
D) Maternal rubella causes visual and auditory damage to the fetus when the rubella occurs early in pregnancy, but not when it occurs late in pregnancy.

Question 8

Which of the following digests is the best way to summarize the relationship between nature and nurture, and their effect on child development?

Accepted Answer

A) Nature creates nurture. 
B) Nature and nurture are in constant interaction. 
C) Sometimes nature; sometimes nurture. 
D) First nature, then nurture. 
A) Nature creates nurture. 
B) Nature and nurture are in constant interaction. 
C) Sometimes nature; sometimes nurture. 
D) First nature, then nurture.

Question 9

Which of the following infants is unable to actively influence his environment?

Accepted Answer

A) Andrew, who is blind 
B) Bobby, who is paralyzed 
C) Carlos, who is deaf 
D) Dietrich, who has typical sight, hearing, and movement 
E) Elias, who is severely cognitively impaired
F)All of these infants are able to actively influence his environment. 
A) Andrew, who is blind 
B) Bobby, who is paralyzed 
C) Carlos, who is deaf 
D) Dietrich, who has typical sight, hearing, and movement 
E) Elias, who is severely cognitively impaired
F)All of these infants are able to actively influence his environment.

Question 10

Which of the following terms is NOT an example of a general cognitive process that contributes to development?

Accepted Answer

A) content knowledge 
B) metacognition 
C) strategies 
D) scaffolding 
A) content knowledge 
B) metacognition 
C) strategies 
D) scaffolding

Question 11

Based on theories and research in child development, which of the following advisements is NOT good advice for educators?

Accepted Answer

A) Identify sources of children's misunderstandings to enable instruction to be directed at the source of the misunderstanding. 
B) Understand children's informal theories in order to be able to interpret their comments and correct their errors. 
C) Help children learn individually, as trying to get children to learn together can frequently be unproductive. 
D) Keep children mentally and physically active in the learning process. 
A) Identify sources of children's misunderstandings to enable instruction to be directed at the source of the misunderstanding. 
B) Understand children's informal theories in order to be able to interpret their comments and correct their errors. 
C) Help children learn individually, as trying to get children to learn together can frequently be unproductive. 
D) Keep children mentally and physically active in the learning process.

Question 12

Toby is considered an at-risk child. Which is NOT
particularly relevant to Toby's situation?

Accepted Answer

A) knowing the timing of treatment 
B) Toby's game-playing skills 
C) understanding biological and environmental interactions 
D) identifying the cause of the problem(s) 
A) knowing the timing of treatment 
B) Toby's game-playing skills 
C) understanding biological and environmental interactions 
D) identifying the cause of the problem(s)

Question 13

Which of the following characteristics contributes to the stability exhibited by many individual differences?

Accepted Answer

A) stability in child's genes 
B) stability of environment 
C) stability in child's genes and stability of environment 
D) neither stability in child's genes nor stability of environment 
A) stability in child's genes 
B) stability of environment 
C) stability in child's genes and stability of environment 
D) neither stability in child's genes nor stability of environment

Question 14

Tyler, age 6, has played an active role in his development since:

Accepted Answer

A) birth. 
B) before birth. 
C) elementary school. 
D) adolescence. 
A) birth. 
B) before birth. 
C) elementary school. 
D) adolescence.

Question 15

Choose a problem that children face that interests you (e.g., poverty, low self-esteem, poor peer relationships, poor academic achievement, poorly developed conscience). What have you learned in this course that could help you design an intervention or a new social policy to address this problem? Be specific and provide examples.

Accepted Answer

One problem that interests me is poor ac

Question 16

Which is an example of nature revealing itself all at once?

Accepted Answer

A) puberty 
B) nearsightedness 
C) number of toes and fingers 
D) schizophrenia 
A) puberty 
B) nearsightedness 
C) number of toes and fingers 
D) schizophrenia

Question 17

Habituation is a mechanism of change in that it:

Accepted Answer

A) occurs in every normal child. 
B) is exhibited as early as before birth. 
C) motivates babies to learn by seeking new stimulation. 
D) All of these answers show that habituation is a mechanism of change. 
A) occurs in every normal child. 
B) is exhibited as early as before birth. 
C) motivates babies to learn by seeking new stimulation. 
D) All of these answers show that habituation is a mechanism of change.

Question 18

Which is NOT a behavioral change mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A) habituation 
B) crystallized intelligence 
C) conditioning 
D) social learning 
A) habituation 
B) crystallized intelligence 
C) conditioning 
D) social learning

Question 19

Which of the following actions is an example of a cognitive change mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A) Synapses that are not needed are reduced. 
B) Individuals generalize from one instance to another. 
C) Children who are athletic seek out athletic activities. 
D) Parents use social scaffolding to help children learn. 
A) Synapses that are not needed are reduced. 
B) Individuals generalize from one instance to another. 
C) Children who are athletic seek out athletic activities. 
D) Parents use social scaffolding to help children learn.

Question 20

Which is NOT a general information-processing mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A) strategy formation 
B) metacognition 
C) development of self-esteem 
D) content knowledge 
A) strategy formation 
B) metacognition 
C) development of self-esteem 
D) content knowledge

Social learning theorists believe that development is:

The adorable nature of babies in their appearance and their coos and smiles is a particularly good example of which of the following processes?

Which of the following terms is an example of a behavioral change mechanism?

When do nature and nurture begin interacting?

Which of the following assertions is true of prenatal development?

Which theory best helps educators foster cooperation and collaboration in learning?

Which of the following statements is NOT an example of the importance of timing on the relation between nature and nurture?

Which of the following digests is the best way to summarize the relationship between nature and nurture, and their effect on child development?

Which of the following infants is unable to actively influence his environment?

Which of the following terms is NOT an example of a general cognitive process that contributes to development?

Based on theories and research in child development, which of the following advisements is NOT good advice for educators?

Toby is considered an at-risk child. Which is NOT particularly relevant to Toby's situation?

Which of the following characteristics contributes to the stability exhibited by many individual differences?

Tyler, age 6, has played an active role in his development since:

Which is an example of nature revealing itself all at once?

Habituation is a mechanism of change in that it:

Which is NOT a behavioral change mechanism?

Which of the following actions is an example of a cognitive change mechanism?

Which is NOT a general information-processing mechanism?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Filters

Exam 16: Conclusions

Social learning theorists believe that development is:

The adorable nature of babies in their appearance and their coos and smiles is a particularly good example of which of the following processes?

Which of the following terms is an example of a behavioral change mechanism?

When do nature and nurture begin interacting?

Which of the following assertions is true of prenatal development?

Which theory best helps educators foster cooperation and collaboration in learning?

Which of the following statements is NOT an example of the importance of timing on the relation between nature and nurture?

Which of the following digests is the best way to summarize the relationship between nature and nurture, and their effect on child development?

Which of the following infants is unable to actively influence his environment?

Which of the following terms is NOT an example of a general cognitive process that contributes to development?

Based on theories and research in child development, which of the following advisements is NOT good advice for educators?

Toby is considered an at-risk child. Which is NOT particularly relevant to Toby's situation?

Which of the following characteristics contributes to the stability exhibited by many individual differences?

Tyler, age 6, has played an active role in his development since:

Which is an example of nature revealing itself all at once?

Habituation is a mechanism of change in that it:

Which is NOT a behavioral change mechanism?

Which of the following actions is an example of a cognitive change mechanism?

Which is NOT a general information-processing mechanism?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Filters