Exam 1: An Introduction to Child Development

One study discussed in the text demonstrated that infants with a particular form of one of the genes influencing production of a neurotransmitter associated with effortful attention had lower effortful attention than other infants only when they also were exposed to poor parenting. This study demonstrates which of the following principles?

Whether children sleep with their parents and to what age they do so in different parts of the world is an example of differences in: •sociocultural environment. •variation. •discontinuous development. •correlation.

A researcher who believes that nature and nurture interact to produce high-achieving children would be MOST likely to make which of the following hypotheses?

A researcher asks children a series of predetermined questions about how much they like to play with their siblings. The researcher is using:

The child-developmental research method of preferential looking has yielded practical benefits for:

A psychologist is interested in 4-year-old Jacob's knowledge of the differences between animals and vehicles. The psychologist gives Jacob a multiple-choice picture test in which he must write the letter of the correct answer on a separate answer sheet. However, Jacob has trouble identifying and writing some letters. On two separate occasions, Jacob receives the same score on the test. This method has:

Which type of design is best revealing of differences over time and patterns of change? •longitudinal •cross-sectional •naturalistic observation •microgenetic

To examine the effectiveness of empathy training on children's sharing behavior, two months of training are provided to 3-year-old children living in rural Georgia. Six months later, the children's sharing behaviors are measured and compared to their pretraining sharing behavior. Improvements are considered the result of the empathy training. Which of the following properties is a potential source of internal invalidity?

Which type of design is best used when a pattern of change has been established and the goal of the study is to determine how the change occurs? •longitudinal •cross-sectional •structured observation •microgenetic

Freud based his theory of child development in large part on:

Which of the following statements about crib speech is true?

A researcher asks herself the following question: "Can effects within my experiment be attributed to variables that I intentionally manipulated?" What property of behavioral measurement is the researcher addressing? •interrater variability •internal validity •external validity •test-retest reliability

The "baby biography" was developed by:

One of the best-known stage theories of cognitive development is the theory of:

Researchers would be LEAST likely to examine the effect of with experimental design.

A researcher would like to examine whether children who are high math achievers have better memories than do low math achievers. This researcher should use:

To examine how children interact with their elementary school teachers on a daily basis, a researcher would probably use the technique.

To examine the effect of empathy training on teenagers' bullying behaviors, a researcher splits a group of high school students into two groups through random assignment. Group A is shown a movie about an interesting science experiment, and Group B is shown a movie about students being harmed by bullies. We consider Group A to be the group and Group B to be the group.

Which of the following factors is the greatest obstacle to poor children's chances of successful development?

Describe the results of Werner's Kauai study in terms of the effect of forming a close relationship with an