Question 1

The ability to notice discrepancies between one's own performance and others' performance is founded on:

Accepted Answer

A) social comparison. 
B) self-esteem. 
C) overconfidence. 
D) an adolescent sense of self. 
A) social comparison. 
B) self-esteem. 
C) overconfidence. 
D) an adolescent sense of self. A

Question 2

Current theorists believe that sexual orientation is based primarily on:

Accepted Answer

A) biological factors. 
B) environmental factors. 
C) socioeconomic factors. 
D) religious factors. 
A) biological factors. 
B) environmental factors. 
C) socioeconomic factors. 
D) religious factors. A

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true about parents' attachment models?

Accepted Answer

A) There is little association between parents' models of attachment and their infants' attachment security. 
B) Preoccupied parents tend to be warm and sensitive toward their infants. 
C) Parents' attachment models may have less to do with the adults' own attachment to their parents and more to do with their personal theories of
childrearing. 
D) All securely attached infants have autonomous parents. 
A) There is little association between parents' models of attachment and their infants' attachment security. 
B) Preoccupied parents tend to be warm and sensitive toward their infants. 
C) Parents' attachment models may have less to do with the adults' own attachment to their parents and more to do with their personal theories of
childrearing. 
D) All securely attached infants have autonomous parents. C

Question 4

To assess self-esteem, researchers generally ask children about:

Accepted Answer

A) how they feel about themselves in general. 
B) their perceptions of their academic ability. 
C) their perceptions of their social acceptance. 
D) their perceptions of their athletic competence. 
E) All of these answers are items researchers would generally ask children. 
A) how they feel about themselves in general. 
B) their perceptions of their academic ability. 
C) their perceptions of their social acceptance. 
D) their perceptions of their athletic competence. 
E) All of these answers are items researchers would generally ask children.

Question 5

An individual's mental representation of the self, of attachment figures, and of relationships in general that is based on early experiences with caregivers is referred to as his or her:

Accepted Answer

A) attachment security. 
B) personal fable. 
C) internal working model. 
D) identity. 
E) self-esteem. 
A) attachment security. 
B) personal fable. 
C) internal working model. 
D) identity. 
E) self-esteem.

Question 6

Which of the following assertions is a true statement about the impact of peer, parental, and self standards on children's self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A) Over the course of childhood, peer acceptance becomes a progressively weaker effect on children's self-esteem. 
B) In late childhood, children's feelings of competence are tied more closely to parental evaluations than to peer evaluations. 
C) In adolescence, self-esteem becomes less and less tied to internalized standards. 
D) Adolescents who base their self-evaluations on other's standards are at increased risk for psychological problems. 
A) Over the course of childhood, peer acceptance becomes a progressively weaker effect on children's self-esteem. 
B) In late childhood, children's feelings of competence are tied more closely to parental evaluations than to peer evaluations. 
C) In adolescence, self-esteem becomes less and less tied to internalized standards. 
D) Adolescents who base their self-evaluations on other's standards are at increased risk for psychological problems.

Question 7

In the study of child development, attachment refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) the close, enduring emotional bonds children develop to primary caregivers. 
B) the identification a child develops with a particular child-rearing style. 
C) the closeness that can develop between a family and a psychologist. 
D) the interrelationship between themes of child development 
A) the close, enduring emotional bonds children develop to primary caregivers. 
B) the identification a child develops with a particular child-rearing style. 
C) the closeness that can develop between a family and a psychologist. 
D) the interrelationship between themes of child development

Question 8

Children's understanding that they will always be a member of their ethnic group is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) ethnic identity foreclosure. 
B) ethnic-role behaviors. 
C) ethnic constancy. 
D) ethnic rigidity. 
A) ethnic identity foreclosure. 
B) ethnic-role behaviors. 
C) ethnic constancy. 
D) ethnic rigidity.

Question 9

Which of the following pieces of evidence is the best support for the causal effect of infant attachment security on later social functioning?

Accepted Answer

A) Children who were securely attached as infants are more likely than other children to be socially and emotionally competent. 
B) When security of attachment changes because of stress in the home, parent-child interactions at the time are associated with social and emotional competence at that age. 
C) Among children who functioned poorly during preschool, those who had a secure attachment during infancy were more socially and emotionally competent in middle childhood than were other children. 
D) None of these answers supports this effect. 
A) Children who were securely attached as infants are more likely than other children to be socially and emotionally competent. 
B) When security of attachment changes because of stress in the home, parent-child interactions at the time are associated with social and emotional competence at that age. 
C) Among children who functioned poorly during preschool, those who had a secure attachment during infancy were more socially and emotionally competent in middle childhood than were other children. 
D) None of these answers supports this effect.

Question 10

Which of the following aspects is involved in an individual's identity?

Accepted Answer

A) beliefs and values 
B) sexuality 
C) career goals 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
A) beliefs and values 
B) sexuality 
C) career goals 
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 11

Which of the following statements reflects the association between children's academic achievement and self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A) Children's self-esteem influences their academic achievement. 
B) Children's academic achievement influences their self-esteem. 
C) Both of the patterns of association are likely. 
D) Neither of the patterns of association is likely. 
A) Children's self-esteem influences their academic achievement. 
B) Children's academic achievement influences their self-esteem. 
C) Both of the patterns of association are likely. 
D) Neither of the patterns of association is likely.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true about the association between infants' behavior in the Strange Situation and their behavior at home?

Accepted Answer

A) Infants classified as securely attached in the Strange Situation often appear more insecurely attached at home. 
B) The behaviors of infants classified as insecure in the Strange Situation often switch, with insecure resistant infants appearing more avoidant in the home and insecure/avoidant infants appearing more clingy in the home. 
C) Infants' behavior in the Strange Situation is related to their scores on a measure of attachment based on observers' reports in the home. 
D) There is little association between infants' behavior in the two settings. 
A) Infants classified as securely attached in the Strange Situation often appear more insecurely attached at home. 
B) The behaviors of infants classified as insecure in the Strange Situation often switch, with insecure resistant infants appearing more avoidant in the home and insecure/avoidant infants appearing more clingy in the home. 
C) Infants' behavior in the Strange Situation is related to their scores on a measure of attachment based on observers' reports in the home. 
D) There is little association between infants' behavior in the two settings.

Question 13

In the Strange Situation, baby Olivia clings to her mother, plays little with the toys in the room, and is extremely distressed when her mother leaves the room. When her mother returns to the room and picks her up, Olivia arches her back to get away from her mother. Olivia falls into which attachment category?

Accepted Answer

A) disorganized/disoriented 
B) insecure/resistant 
C) secure 
D) dismissive 
E) insecure/avoidant 
A) disorganized/disoriented 
B) insecure/resistant 
C) secure 
D) dismissive 
E) insecure/avoidant

Question 14

After a period of exploration, Mario has made decisions regarding occupation, beliefs and ideals, and sexuality. His sense of identity is coherent and consolidated. Into which of the following identity status categories would Mario be classified?

Accepted Answer

A) foreclosure 
B) positive identity 
C) moratorium 
D) identity achievement 
A) foreclosure 
B) positive identity 
C) moratorium 
D) identity achievement

Question 15

Mothers who are easily overwhelmed and who are inconsistent in responding to their infants are more likely than other mothers to have infants who are:

Accepted Answer

A) insecure/resistant. 
B) disorganized/disoriented. 
C) difficult. 
D) insecure/avoidant. 
A) insecure/resistant. 
B) disorganized/disoriented. 
C) difficult. 
D) insecure/avoidant.

Question 16

Research has indicated that adolescents in which of the following states are MOST likely to believe in obeying authority?

Accepted Answer

A) identity diffusion 
B) moratorium 
C) foreclosure 
D) identity achievement 
A) identity diffusion 
B) moratorium 
C) foreclosure 
D) identity achievement

Question 17

Steven has never successfully developed a secure attachment with anyone. Which is most likely true of Steven's behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) He sleeps more than securely attached children. 
B) He engages in more positive interactions than securely attached children. 
C) He is more prone to problem behaviors than securely attached children. 
D) He is more regulated by his peers than securely attached children. 
A) He sleeps more than securely attached children. 
B) He engages in more positive interactions than securely attached children. 
C) He is more prone to problem behaviors than securely attached children. 
D) He is more regulated by his peers than securely attached children.

Question 18

Parental sensitivity involves which of the following actions?

Accepted Answer

A) responding quickly to the needs of a crying baby 
B) smiling, laughing, and making sounds at baby 
C) being emotionally available 
D) responding quickly to the needs of a crying baby and being emotionally available 
E) All of these comprise parental sensitivity. 
A) responding quickly to the needs of a crying baby 
B) smiling, laughing, and making sounds at baby 
C) being emotionally available 
D) responding quickly to the needs of a crying baby and being emotionally available 
E) All of these comprise parental sensitivity.

Question 19

Think about the concept of a secure base. First, describe what is meant by this concept. Then, describe how having a secure base can be important for cognitive development and give a specific example. Finally, describe how having a secure base can be important for emotional development and give a specific example.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Think about the concept of a secure...

Question 20

Which of the following statements about sexual- minority youth is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A) Rates of poor outcomes for sexual-minority youth may be misrepresentative because they tend to come from studies of youths who openly identify themselves as gay. 
B) Sexual-minority youth have higher reported rates of attempted suicide than do heterosexual youth. 
C) Sexual-minority youth and heterosexual youth tend to have the same level of feelings of control in their romantic relationships. 
D) Having sexual-minority friends is considered an important source of social support for sexual-minority youth. 
A) Rates of poor outcomes for sexual-minority youth may be misrepresentative because they tend to come from studies of youths who openly identify themselves as gay. 
B) Sexual-minority youth have higher reported rates of attempted suicide than do heterosexual youth. 
C) Sexual-minority youth and heterosexual youth tend to have the same level of feelings of control in their romantic relationships. 
D) Having sexual-minority friends is considered an important source of social support for sexual-minority youth.

The ability to notice discrepancies between one's own performance and others' performance is founded on:

Current theorists believe that sexual orientation is based primarily on:

Which of the following statements is true about parents' attachment models?

To assess self-esteem, researchers generally ask children about:

An individual's mental representation of the self, of attachment figures, and of relationships in general that is based on early experiences with caregivers is referred to as his or her:

Which of the following assertions is a true statement about the impact of peer, parental, and self standards on children's self-esteem?

In the study of child development, attachment refers to:

Children's understanding that they will always be a member of their ethnic group is referred to as:

Which of the following pieces of evidence is the best support for the causal effect of infant attachment security on later social functioning?

Which of the following aspects is involved in an individual's identity?

Which of the following statements reflects the association between children's academic achievement and self-esteem?

Which of the following statements is true about the association between infants' behavior in the Strange Situation and their behavior at home?

After a period of exploration, Mario has made decisions regarding occupation, beliefs and ideals, and sexuality. His sense of identity is coherent and consolidated. Into which of the following identity status categories would Mario be classified?

Mothers who are easily overwhelmed and who are inconsistent in responding to their infants are more likely than other mothers to have infants who are:

Research has indicated that adolescents in which of the following states are MOST likely to believe in obeying authority?

Steven has never successfully developed a secure attachment with anyone. Which is most likely true of Steven's behavior?

Parental sensitivity involves which of the following actions?

Which of the following statements about sexual- minority youth is NOT true?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 11: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The ability to notice discrepancies between one's own performance and others' performance is founded on:

Current theorists believe that sexual orientation is based primarily on:

Which of the following statements is true about parents' attachment models?

To assess self-esteem, researchers generally ask children about:

An individual's mental representation of the self, of attachment figures, and of relationships in general that is based on early experiences with caregivers is referred to as his or her:

Which of the following assertions is a true statement about the impact of peer, parental, and self standards on children's self-esteem?

In the study of child development, attachment refers to:

Children's understanding that they will always be a member of their ethnic group is referred to as:

Which of the following pieces of evidence is the best support for the causal effect of infant attachment security on later social functioning?

Which of the following aspects is involved in an individual's identity?

Which of the following statements reflects the association between children's academic achievement and self-esteem?

Which of the following statements is true about the association between infants' behavior in the Strange Situation and their behavior at home?

After a period of exploration, Mario has made decisions regarding occupation, beliefs and ideals, and sexuality. His sense of identity is coherent and consolidated. Into which of the following identity status categories would Mario be classified?

Mothers who are easily overwhelmed and who are inconsistent in responding to their infants are more likely than other mothers to have infants who are:

Research has indicated that adolescents in which of the following states are MOST likely to believe in obeying authority?

Steven has never successfully developed a secure attachment with anyone. Which is most likely true of Steven's behavior?

Parental sensitivity involves which of the following actions?

Which of the following statements about sexual- minority youth is NOT true?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters