Question 1

Joseph believes that having good behavior means doing what his family expects him to do. Which of Kohlberg's stages does this characterize?

Accepted Answer

A) punishment and obedience orientation 
B) social contract or individual rights orientation 
C) instrumental and exchange orientation 
D) mutual interpersonal expectations and interpersonal conformity 
A) punishment and obedience orientation 
B) social contract or individual rights orientation 
C) instrumental and exchange orientation 
D) mutual interpersonal expectations and interpersonal conformity D

Question 2

In discussions of moral development, prosocial behavior is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A) behavior based on personal benefit. 
B) voluntary behavior intended to benefit another. 
C) actions that contribute to society as a whole. 
D) behavior intended to win approval. 
A) behavior based on personal benefit. 
B) voluntary behavior intended to benefit another. 
C) actions that contribute to society as a whole. 
D) behavior intended to win approval. B

Question 3

Which of the following claims is NOT true of children who join gangs?

Accepted Answer

A) Adolescents tend to engage in their first acts of antisocial behavior once they join a gang. 
B) Adolescents are more likely to join gangs if they are high in hyperactivity and low in anxiety. 
C) They can be as young as 12. 
D) They tend to have delinquent friends before joining the gang. 
A) Adolescents tend to engage in their first acts of antisocial behavior once they join a gang. 
B) Adolescents are more likely to join gangs if they are high in hyperactivity and low in anxiety. 
C) They can be as young as 12. 
D) They tend to have delinquent friends before joining the gang. A

Question 4

Who is demonstrating a social convention?

Accepted Answer

A) James saying "thank you" after someone gives him a gift 
B) Luna knowing stealing is wrong 
C) Nick knowing killing is wrong 
D) Luca putting human rights above everything else 
A) James saying "thank you" after someone gives him a gift 
B) Luna knowing stealing is wrong 
C) Nick knowing killing is wrong 
D) Luca putting human rights above everything else

Question 5

Early-onset conduct problems are associated with all of the following factors EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) maternal stress. 
B) low maternal education. 
C) child neglect. 
D) being a member of an ethnic minority. 
A) maternal stress. 
B) low maternal education. 
C) child neglect. 
D) being a member of an ethnic minority.

Question 6

At what age do children begin to show concern when others are distressed?

Accepted Answer

A) infancy 
B) preschool age 
C) elementary school age 
D) early adolescence 
A) infancy 
B) preschool age 
C) elementary school age 
D) early adolescence

Question 7

Describe the parallels between the stages of prosocial moral development, as proposed by Eisenberg, and the stages of moral reasoning, as proposed by Kohlberg. Identify and describe two similarities and two differences in these theorized stages.

Accepted Answer

The parallels between the stages of pros

Question 8

Is aggressive behavior during elementary school associated with aggression and criminal behavior at age 30?

Accepted Answer

A) No, aggressive behavior during elementary school is not associated with aggression and criminal behavior at age 30. 
B) Yes, aggressive behavior during elementary school is associated with aggression and criminal behavior at age 30, but only for males. 
C) Yes, aggressive behavior during elementary school is associated with aggression and criminal behavior at age 30, but only for females. 
D) Yes, aggressive behavior during elementary school is associated with aggression and criminal behavior at age 30 for both males and females. 
A) No, aggressive behavior during elementary school is not associated with aggression and criminal behavior at age 30. 
B) Yes, aggressive behavior during elementary school is associated with aggression and criminal behavior at age 30, but only for males. 
C) Yes, aggressive behavior during elementary school is associated with aggression and criminal behavior at age 30, but only for females. 
D) Yes, aggressive behavior during elementary school is associated with aggression and criminal behavior at age 30 for both males and females.

Question 9

According to Kohlberg, individuals at the most advanced stage of moral reasoning believe that morally right behavior involves:

Accepted Answer

A) upholding laws. 
B) universal principles of justice. 
C) obedience to authorities. 
D) doing what is expected by people close to the
individual. 
A) upholding laws. 
B) universal principles of justice. 
C) obedience to authorities. 
D) doing what is expected by people close to the
individual.

Question 10

Which area of Piaget's theory has received criticism?

Accepted Answer

A) the basic idea of peer interaction 
B) the role of parental punitiveness 
C) children's ability to gauge intentionality 
D) the role of cognitive development 
A) the basic idea of peer interaction 
B) the role of parental punitiveness 
C) children's ability to gauge intentionality 
D) the role of cognitive development

Question 11

Concern with which of the following answers is characteristic of the least advanced level of prosocial reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A) maintaining positive relationships with others 
B) others' approval 
C) guilt or positive emotions related to the consequences of one's behavior 
D) one's own interests 
E) physical needs of others 
A) maintaining positive relationships with others 
B) others' approval 
C) guilt or positive emotions related to the consequences of one's behavior 
D) one's own interests 
E) physical needs of others

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true about parental socialization of sympathy and prosocial behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) Parental warmth and support appear to be sufficient to promote prosocial tendencies. 
B) The use of rewards and punishment is moderately effective at fostering altruism. 
C) Children who are often encouraged by their parents to engage in helpful activities often fail to internalize prosocial values as they become bored with or even rebel from these practices. 
D) All of these statements are true. 
E) None of these statements are true. 
A) Parental warmth and support appear to be sufficient to promote prosocial tendencies. 
B) The use of rewards and punishment is moderately effective at fostering altruism. 
C) Children who are often encouraged by their parents to engage in helpful activities often fail to internalize prosocial values as they become bored with or even rebel from these practices. 
D) All of these statements are true. 
E) None of these statements are true.

Question 13

Which of the following sentences is a true statement about twin studies conducted to examine the genetic contribution to prosocial behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) Fraternal twins and identical twins are equally similar to each other in levels of prosocial behavior, and their similarity decreases with age. 
B) Fraternal twins and identical twins are equally similar to each other in levels of prosocial behavior, and their similarity increases with age. 
C) Identical twins are more similar to each other in levels of prosocial behavior than are fraternal twins, and their similarity decreases with age. 
D) Identical twins are more similar to each other in levels of prosocial behavior than are fraternal twins, and their similarity increases with age. 
A) Fraternal twins and identical twins are equally similar to each other in levels of prosocial behavior, and their similarity decreases with age. 
B) Fraternal twins and identical twins are equally similar to each other in levels of prosocial behavior, and their similarity increases with age. 
C) Identical twins are more similar to each other in levels of prosocial behavior than are fraternal twins, and their similarity decreases with age. 
D) Identical twins are more similar to each other in levels of prosocial behavior than are fraternal twins, and their similarity increases with age.

Question 14

Piaget would expect which of the following children to progress into the stage of autonomous morality most quickly?

Accepted Answer

A) Adena, whose cognitive development is somewhat delayed 
B) Barry, who makes up games with his friends in the neighborhood 
C) Carla, whose parents are highly authoritarian 
D) Dean, who has few peer interactions as he is schooled at home with a private tutor 
A) Adena, whose cognitive development is somewhat delayed 
B) Barry, who makes up games with his friends in the neighborhood 
C) Carla, whose parents are highly authoritarian 
D) Dean, who has few peer interactions as he is schooled at home with a private tutor

Question 15

Which best describes Kohlberg's stages of moral development?

Accepted Answer

A) interchangeable 
B) fluid 
C) continuous 
D) hierarchical 
A) interchangeable 
B) fluid 
C) continuous 
D) hierarchical

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true about Piaget's and Kohlberg's beliefs about morality?

Accepted Answer

A) In order for a behavior to be deemed moral or immoral, the reasoning behind the behavior must be taken into account. 
B) Behaviors can be deemed moral or immoral solely on the basis of the behavior and not the reasoning behind it. 
C) Children's morality can be examined only by observations of their behavior, as children are generally unable to make moral judgments when they are not faced with an actual moral decision. 
D) In order for a behavior to be deemed moral or immoral, the reasoning behind the behavior must be
taken into account and children's morality can be examined only by observations of their behavior. 
A) In order for a behavior to be deemed moral or immoral, the reasoning behind the behavior must be taken into account. 
B) Behaviors can be deemed moral or immoral solely on the basis of the behavior and not the reasoning behind it. 
C) Children's morality can be examined only by observations of their behavior, as children are generally unable to make moral judgments when they are not faced with an actual moral decision. 
D) In order for a behavior to be deemed moral or immoral, the reasoning behind the behavior must be
taken into account and children's morality can be examined only by observations of their behavior.

Question 17

Which of the following assertions is a true statement about the effect of temperament on the development of conscience?

Accepted Answer

A) Harsh discipline is equally effective at promoting children's internalization of parents' standards for children of all temperamental styles. 
B) Gentle discipline is equally effective at promoting children's internalization of parents' standards for children of all temperamental styles. 
C) Gentle discipline is effective at promoting children's internalization of parents' standards for temperamentally kind children, but not for temperamentally angry children. 
D) Gentle discipline is effective at promoting children's internalization of parents' standards for temperamentally fearful children, but not for
temperamentally fearless children. 
A) Harsh discipline is equally effective at promoting children's internalization of parents' standards for children of all temperamental styles. 
B) Gentle discipline is equally effective at promoting children's internalization of parents' standards for children of all temperamental styles. 
C) Gentle discipline is effective at promoting children's internalization of parents' standards for temperamentally kind children, but not for temperamentally angry children. 
D) Gentle discipline is effective at promoting children's internalization of parents' standards for temperamentally fearful children, but not for
temperamentally fearless children.

Question 18

11-year-old Nate is angry and defiant and loses his temper easily. He can be spiteful and vindictive, he actively defies adults, and he blames others for his misbehavior. Nate's behaviors are indicative of:

Accepted Answer

A) ADHD. 
B) oppositional defiant disorder. 
C) conduct disorder. 
D) a typical 11 year old. 
A) ADHD. 
B) oppositional defiant disorder. 
C) conduct disorder. 
D) a typical 11 year old.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true about empirical findings on young children's ability to appreciate the importance of intentionality in morality?

Accepted Answer

A) Consistent with Piaget's theory, young children are unable to consider intentionality in their moral reasoning. 
B) In contrast to Piaget's theory, young children are able to consider intentionality in their moral reasoning when the consequences of the behavior are made clear. 
C) In contrast to Piaget's theory, young children are able to consider intentionality in their moral reasoning when the motives behind the behavior are made clear. 
D) In contrast to Piaget's theory, young children are nearly as capable of considering intentionality in their moral reasoning as are older children. 
A) Consistent with Piaget's theory, young children are unable to consider intentionality in their moral reasoning. 
B) In contrast to Piaget's theory, young children are able to consider intentionality in their moral reasoning when the consequences of the behavior are made clear. 
C) In contrast to Piaget's theory, young children are able to consider intentionality in their moral reasoning when the motives behind the behavior are made clear. 
D) In contrast to Piaget's theory, young children are nearly as capable of considering intentionality in their moral reasoning as are older children.

Question 20

Which of the following assertions is a true statement about changes in aggression exhibited by children?

Accepted Answer

A) Physical aggression typically increases from preschool to elementary school. 
B) Aggression in elementary school is more likely to be hostile than in preschool. 
C) Relational aggression is more common in preschool than in elementary school. 
D) The frequency of overt aggression decreases for most teenagers. 
A) Physical aggression typically increases from preschool to elementary school. 
B) Aggression in elementary school is more likely to be hostile than in preschool. 
C) Relational aggression is more common in preschool than in elementary school. 
D) The frequency of overt aggression decreases for most teenagers.

Joseph believes that having good behavior means doing what his family expects him to do. Which of Kohlberg's stages does this characterize?

In discussions of moral development, prosocial behavior is best defined as:

Which of the following claims is NOT true of children who join gangs?

Who is demonstrating a social convention?

Early-onset conduct problems are associated with all of the following factors EXCEPT:

At what age do children begin to show concern when others are distressed?

Describe the parallels between the stages of prosocial moral development, as proposed by Eisenberg, and the stages of moral reasoning, as proposed by Kohlberg. Identify and describe two similarities and two differences in these theorized stages.

Is aggressive behavior during elementary school associated with aggression and criminal behavior at age 30?

According to Kohlberg, individuals at the most advanced stage of moral reasoning believe that morally right behavior involves:

Which area of Piaget's theory has received criticism?

Concern with which of the following answers is characteristic of the least advanced level of prosocial reasoning?

Which of the following statements is true about parental socialization of sympathy and prosocial behavior?

Which of the following sentences is a true statement about twin studies conducted to examine the genetic contribution to prosocial behavior?

Piaget would expect which of the following children to progress into the stage of autonomous morality most quickly?

Which best describes Kohlberg's stages of moral development?

Which of the following statements is true about Piaget's and Kohlberg's beliefs about morality?

Which of the following assertions is a true statement about the effect of temperament on the development of conscience?

11-year-old Nate is angry and defiant and loses his temper easily. He can be spiteful and vindictive, he actively defies adults, and he blames others for his misbehavior. Nate's behaviors are indicative of:

Which of the following statements is true about empirical findings on young children's ability to appreciate the importance of intentionality in morality?

Which of the following assertions is a true statement about changes in aggression exhibited by children?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 14: Moral Development

Joseph believes that having good behavior means doing what his family expects him to do. Which of Kohlberg's stages does this characterize?

In discussions of moral development, prosocial behavior is best defined as:

Which of the following claims is NOT true of children who join gangs?

Who is demonstrating a social convention?

Early-onset conduct problems are associated with all of the following factors EXCEPT:

At what age do children begin to show concern when others are distressed?

Describe the parallels between the stages of prosocial moral development, as proposed by Eisenberg, and the stages of moral reasoning, as proposed by Kohlberg. Identify and describe two similarities and two differences in these theorized stages.

Is aggressive behavior during elementary school associated with aggression and criminal behavior at age 30?

According to Kohlberg, individuals at the most advanced stage of moral reasoning believe that morally right behavior involves:

Which area of Piaget's theory has received criticism?

Concern with which of the following answers is characteristic of the least advanced level of prosocial reasoning?

Which of the following statements is true about parental socialization of sympathy and prosocial behavior?

Which of the following sentences is a true statement about twin studies conducted to examine the genetic contribution to prosocial behavior?

Piaget would expect which of the following children to progress into the stage of autonomous morality most quickly?

Which best describes Kohlberg's stages of moral development?

Which of the following statements is true about Piaget's and Kohlberg's beliefs about morality?

Which of the following assertions is a true statement about the effect of temperament on the development of conscience?

11-year-old Nate is angry and defiant and loses his temper easily. He can be spiteful and vindictive, he actively defies adults, and he blames others for his misbehavior. Nate's behaviors are indicative of:

Which of the following statements is true about empirical findings on young children's ability to appreciate the importance of intentionality in morality?

Which of the following assertions is a true statement about changes in aggression exhibited by children?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters