Question 1

Compare and contrast learning within an apprenticeship system and learning within a formal school system.

Accepted Answer

Learning within an apprenticeship system

Question 2

The effects of school on children's cognitive abilities can be best studied:

Accepted Answer

A) in cultures where schooling is available to only parts of the population. 
B) by removing children from school and comparing them with children who stay in school. 
C) by comparing traditional instructional strategies with strategies based on Vygotsky's theory. 
D) by comparing adolescents who have remained in school with peers who have dropped out. 
A) in cultures where schooling is available to only parts of the population. 
B) by removing children from school and comparing them with children who stay in school. 
C) by comparing traditional instructional strategies with strategies based on Vygotsky's theory. 
D) by comparing adolescents who have remained in school with peers who have dropped out.

Question 3

Children who find it difficult to break words into syllables and phonemes in a purely oral task:

Accepted Answer

A) have difficulty linking sounds to letters. 
B) have no problems linking sounds to letters. 
C) cannot be trained to learn that skill. 
D) can be trained to learn that skill, but it makes no difference in their reading ability. 
A) have difficulty linking sounds to letters. 
B) have no problems linking sounds to letters. 
C) cannot be trained to learn that skill. 
D) can be trained to learn that skill, but it makes no difference in their reading ability.

Question 4

Probably the main reason reciprocal teaching is effective is because:

Accepted Answer

A) every child feels important in the process. 
B) teachers decide on the topics to be discussed. 
C) teachers and children model the behaviors necessary for comprehension. 
D) children are reinforced when they later try to teach the material to their parents. 
A) every child feels important in the process. 
B) teachers decide on the topics to be discussed. 
C) teachers and children model the behaviors necessary for comprehension. 
D) children are reinforced when they later try to teach the material to their parents.

Question 5

Being able to map symbols to quantities does NOT begin in earnest until children are:

Accepted Answer

A) 2-3 years old. 
B) 4-5 years old. 
C) 6-7 years old. 
D) 8-9 years old. 
A) 2-3 years old. 
B) 4-5 years old. 
C) 6-7 years old. 
D) 8-9 years old.

Question 6

Children whose families emphasize independent cultural values are likely to:

Accepted Answer

A) be advantaged in traditional classrooms. 
B) have beliefs that conflict with the cultural norms of traditional classrooms. 
C) have parents that push them to complete more homework than other children. 
D) be read to more than other children. 
A) be advantaged in traditional classrooms. 
B) have beliefs that conflict with the cultural norms of traditional classrooms. 
C) have parents that push them to complete more homework than other children. 
D) be read to more than other children.

Question 7

School problem solving supports:

Accepted Answer

A) reasoning based on particular concrete experience. 
B) use of abstract reasoning. 
C) practical intelligence. 
D) the need to search out new information. 
A) reasoning based on particular concrete experience. 
B) use of abstract reasoning. 
C) practical intelligence. 
D) the need to search out new information.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of "bottom-up" processing?

Accepted Answer

A) identifying letters 
B) understanding the meaning of an ambiguous passage 
C) using information for interpretation based on prior knowledge 
D) learning letters, then words, then phrases, then sentences, then paragraphs, etc. 
A) identifying letters 
B) understanding the meaning of an ambiguous passage 
C) using information for interpretation based on prior knowledge 
D) learning letters, then words, then phrases, then sentences, then paragraphs, etc.

Question 9

Children of immigrant families are the fastest-growing group of children in the United States, accounting for approximately what percentage of all U.S. children?

Accepted Answer

A) 10 
B) 15 
C) 22 
D) 35 
A) 10 
B) 15 
C) 22 
D) 35

Question 10

According to researchers, realistic mathematics education should do the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) use abstract activities. 
B) use meaningful activities. 
C) support basic mathematical skills. 
D) employ models in educational activity. 
A) use abstract activities. 
B) use meaningful activities. 
C) support basic mathematical skills. 
D) employ models in educational activity.

Question 11

According to Luria's research, formal education is crucial to success in:

Accepted Answer

A) hunter-gather societies. 
B) agrarian societies. 
C) technologically advance societies. 
D) no societies. 
A) hunter-gather societies. 
B) agrarian societies. 
C) technologically advance societies. 
D) no societies.

Question 12

Recognizing that the word dog begins with the sound "d" is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) understanding that each word is represented by a cluster of graphic signs. 
B) whole language. 
C) phonological awareness. 
D) top-down processing. 
A) understanding that each word is represented by a cluster of graphic signs. 
B) whole language. 
C) phonological awareness. 
D) top-down processing.

Question 13

Educated Vai people from Liberia could explain the basis for their judgment of what made a sentence ungrammatical, but those who had no schooling experience could not. This difference can be explained by the impact of schooling on:

Accepted Answer

A) metacognition. 
B) lexical organization. 
C) utilization knowledge. 
D) procedural knowledge. 
A) metacognition. 
B) lexical organization. 
C) utilization knowledge. 
D) procedural knowledge.

Question 14

Schools in economically impoverished neighborhoods tend to:

Accepted Answer

A) provide a quality education. 
B) provide education of equal quality to suburban schools. 
C) have a low number of ethnic minority children enrolled. 
D) have a large number of ethnic minority children enrolled. 
A) provide a quality education. 
B) provide education of equal quality to suburban schools. 
C) have a low number of ethnic minority children enrolled. 
D) have a large number of ethnic minority children enrolled.

Question 15

Helen Raikes discovered that reading and vocabulary lead to more opportunities to use and learn language. She called this relationship the:

Accepted Answer

A) snowball effect. 
B) drip drip effect. 
C) drench hypothesis. 
D) cultivation hypothesis. 
A) snowball effect. 
B) drip drip effect. 
C) drench hypothesis. 
D) cultivation hypothesis.

Question 16

Cathy Block and her colleagues studied the effectiveness of various instructional approaches to reading, including standard reading instruction and alternative instructional approaches. The researchers found that alternative approaches using student-guided, teacher-led discussion of the texts were:

Accepted Answer

A) significantly more effective than the standard approach. 
B) significantly less effective than the standard approach. 
C) as effective as the standard approach. 
D) only effective among students from working-class families. 
A) significantly more effective than the standard approach. 
B) significantly less effective than the standard approach. 
C) as effective as the standard approach. 
D) only effective among students from working-class families.

Question 17

You are a new teacher. Explain how the format of the classroom and method of instruction can influence your students' motivation.

Accepted Answer

As a new teacher, the format of the clas

Question 18

A study found that reciprocal teaching was:

Accepted Answer

A) related to decline in reading scores. 
B) led to improved reading scores, but not as great an improvement was found when using explicit instruction. 
C) led to improved reading scores, but not as great an improvement was found when using modeling. 
D) led to improved reading scores, showing the greatest improvement compared to either explicit instruction or modeling. 
A) related to decline in reading scores. 
B) led to improved reading scores, but not as great an improvement was found when using explicit instruction. 
C) led to improved reading scores, but not as great an improvement was found when using modeling. 
D) led to improved reading scores, showing the greatest improvement compared to either explicit instruction or modeling.

Question 19

English-speaking children have a more difficult time mapping words to numbers because:

Accepted Answer

A) it is easier for them to map words onto the base-10 number system. 
B) the English language includes irregular number words. 
C) the words "eleven" and "twelve" are easy to map. 
D) the English word for "twelve" translates to "ten two." 
A) it is easier for them to map words onto the base-10 number system. 
B) the English language includes irregular number words. 
C) the words "eleven" and "twelve" are easy to map. 
D) the English word for "twelve" translates to "ten two."

Question 20

What do "top-down" and "bottom-up" processing refer to? Explain how each operates. What is their importance in learning to read?

Accepted Answer

"Top-down" and "bottom-up" processing ar

Compare and contrast learning within an apprenticeship system and learning within a formal school system.

The effects of school on children's cognitive abilities can be best studied:

Children who find it difficult to break words into syllables and phonemes in a purely oral task:

Probably the main reason reciprocal teaching is effective is because:

Being able to map symbols to quantities does NOT begin in earnest until children are:

Children whose families emphasize independent cultural values are likely to:

School problem solving supports:

Which of the following is an example of "bottom-up" processing?

Children of immigrant families are the fastest-growing group of children in the United States, accounting for approximately what percentage of all U.S. children?

According to researchers, realistic mathematics education should do the following EXCEPT:

According to Luria's research, formal education is crucial to success in:

Recognizing that the word dog begins with the sound "d" is an example of:

Educated Vai people from Liberia could explain the basis for their judgment of what made a sentence ungrammatical, but those who had no schooling experience could not. This difference can be explained by the impact of schooling on:

Schools in economically impoverished neighborhoods tend to:

Helen Raikes discovered that reading and vocabulary lead to more opportunities to use and learn language. She called this relationship the:

Cathy Block and her colleagues studied the effectiveness of various instructional approaches to reading, including standard reading instruction and alternative instructional approaches. The researchers found that alternative approaches using student-guided, teacher-led discussion of the texts were:

You are a new teacher. Explain how the format of the classroom and method of instruction can influence your students' motivation.

A study found that reciprocal teaching was:

English-speaking children have a more difficult time mapping words to numbers because:

What do "top-down" and "bottom-up" processing refer to? Explain how each operates. What is their importance in learning to read?

The Study of Human Development

Biocultural Foundations

Prenatal Development and Birth

The First Three Months

Physical and Cognitive Development in the First Two Years

Emotional and Social Development During Infancy

Language Acquisition

Physical and Cognitive Development of Early Childhood

Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood

Contexts of Development

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Social and Emotional Developments in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Social and Emotional Development During Adolescence

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Exam 12: School As a Context for Development

Compare and contrast learning within an apprenticeship system and learning within a formal school system.

The effects of school on children's cognitive abilities can be best studied:

Children who find it difficult to break words into syllables and phonemes in a purely oral task:

Probably the main reason reciprocal teaching is effective is because:

Being able to map symbols to quantities does NOT begin in earnest until children are:

Children whose families emphasize independent cultural values are likely to:

School problem solving supports:

Which of the following is an example of "bottom-up" processing?

Children of immigrant families are the fastest-growing group of children in the United States, accounting for approximately what percentage of all U.S. children?

According to researchers, realistic mathematics education should do the following EXCEPT:

According to Luria's research, formal education is crucial to success in:

Recognizing that the word dog begins with the sound "d" is an example of:

Educated Vai people from Liberia could explain the basis for their judgment of what made a sentence ungrammatical, but those who had no schooling experience could not. This difference can be explained by the impact of schooling on:

Schools in economically impoverished neighborhoods tend to:

Helen Raikes discovered that reading and vocabulary lead to more opportunities to use and learn language. She called this relationship the:

Cathy Block and her colleagues studied the effectiveness of various instructional approaches to reading, including standard reading instruction and alternative instructional approaches. The researchers found that alternative approaches using student-guided, teacher-led discussion of the texts were:

You are a new teacher. Explain how the format of the classroom and method of instruction can influence your students' motivation.

A study found that reciprocal teaching was:

English-speaking children have a more difficult time mapping words to numbers because:

What do "top-down" and "bottom-up" processing refer to? Explain how each operates. What is their importance in learning to read?

The Study of Human Development

Biocultural Foundations

Prenatal Development and Birth

The First Three Months

Physical and Cognitive Development in the First Two Years

Emotional and Social Development During Infancy

Language Acquisition

Physical and Cognitive Development of Early Childhood

Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood

Contexts of Development

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Social and Emotional Developments in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Social and Emotional Development During Adolescence

Filters