Question 1

Which of the following circular reactions are characterized by the use of systematically varied action sequences?

Accepted Answer

A) tertiary 
B) primary 
C) secondary 
D) coordinated 
A) tertiary 
B) primary 
C) secondary 
D) coordinated

Question 2

Helen's daughter started to walk holding onto furniture at 7 months of age, while Cathy's son started to walk holding onto furniture at 12½ months of age. How should Helen and Cathy respond to their children's abilities?

Accepted Answer

A) Helen should be happy that her daughter's development is more advanced than the majority of children at the same age, and Cathy should be worried because her son is walking much later than would be expected. 
B) Helen should try to stop her daughter from walking because she is walking earlier than would be expected for her age; Cathy should be happy that her son is starting to walk at the age that would be expected. 
C) Both Helen and Cathy should be worried because their children are starting to walk holding onto furniture much later than would be expected. 
D) Both Helen and Cathy should be happy with how their children are developing because they are walking holding onto furniture within the range of ages found to do so in a national study. 
A) Helen should be happy that her daughter's development is more advanced than the majority of children at the same age, and Cathy should be worried because her son is walking much later than would be expected. 
B) Helen should try to stop her daughter from walking because she is walking earlier than would be expected for her age; Cathy should be happy that her son is starting to walk at the age that would be expected. 
C) Both Helen and Cathy should be worried because their children are starting to walk holding onto furniture much later than would be expected. 
D) Both Helen and Cathy should be happy with how their children are developing because they are walking holding onto furniture within the range of ages found to do so in a national study.

Question 3

What is the violation­of­expectations method? How has it been used to evaluate infants' understandings?

Accepted Answer

The violation of expectations method is

Question 4

Changes in the prefrontal cortex between 7 and 9 months of age seem to be important for the emergence of:

Accepted Answer

A) complex reflexes. 
B) impulse inhibition. 
C) simple reflexes. 
D) speech recognition. 
A) complex reflexes. 
B) impulse inhibition. 
C) simple reflexes. 
D) speech recognition.

Question 5

Which of the following results was obtained in studies investigating infants' behavior on the virtual cliff apparatus?

Accepted Answer

A) Infants in these studies never demonstrated wariness of the apparent drop­off. 
B) Infants in these studies were afraid to cross over to the "deep" side of the apparatus. 
C) Infants' wariness was related to their experience with crawling. 
D) Infants' wariness was related to their experience with walking. 
A) Infants in these studies never demonstrated wariness of the apparent drop­off. 
B) Infants in these studies were afraid to cross over to the "deep" side of the apparatus. 
C) Infants' wariness was related to their experience with crawling. 
D) Infants' wariness was related to their experience with walking.

Question 6

During the first year of life, MOST healthy babies add about ____________ pounds and ____________ inches.

Accepted Answer

A) 13; 10 
B) 23; 10 
C) 13; 15 
D) 18; 15 
A) 13; 10 
B) 23; 10 
C) 13; 15 
D) 18; 15

Question 7

How do researchers test for object permanence?

Accepted Answer

Researchers test for object permanence u

Question 8

The bones in an infant's hands and wrists are:

Accepted Answer

A) ossified at birth. 
B) ossified by the end of the first year. 
C) not ossified until the end of infancy. 
D) among the last to ossify at about 6 months of age. 
A) ossified at birth. 
B) ossified by the end of the first year. 
C) not ossified until the end of infancy. 
D) among the last to ossify at about 6 months of age.

Question 9

Implications of the MOST recent research on the Mozart Effect suggest that parents hoping to foster cognitive growth in their babies should:

Accepted Answer

A) buy products that expose their babies to classical music. 
B) buy products that expose their babies to Mozart, specifically. 
C) not be swayed by product claims because there is no reliable research that listening to music advances cognitive development. 
D) not be swayed by product claims, because listening to music has actually been found to interfere with cognitive development. 
A) buy products that expose their babies to classical music. 
B) buy products that expose their babies to Mozart, specifically. 
C) not be swayed by product claims because there is no reliable research that listening to music advances cognitive development. 
D) not be swayed by product claims, because listening to music has actually been found to interfere with cognitive development.

Question 10

According to Piaget, if an infant discovers that when she kicks the mobile above her crib the fairy­tale characters flutter, then repeats this action many times, this is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) habituation. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) a primary circular reaction. 
D) a secondary circular reaction. 
A) habituation. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) a primary circular reaction. 
D) a secondary circular reaction.

Question 11

As infants gain more control over their hands:

Accepted Answer

A) they use the same actions on almost all objects. 
B) different objects can be explored differently. 
C) adults need to structure the environment more. 
D) Variability among infants makes general conclusions about action difficult. 
A) they use the same actions on almost all objects. 
B) different objects can be explored differently. 
C) adults need to structure the environment more. 
D) Variability among infants makes general conclusions about action difficult.

Question 12

By adulthood the percentage of a person's body that is the head is about:

Accepted Answer

A) 6 percent. 
B) 12 percent. 
C) 20 percent. 
D) 25 percent. 
A) 6 percent. 
B) 12 percent. 
C) 20 percent. 
D) 25 percent.

Question 13

You are a guest at Aksel's first birthday party. Which of the following behaviors is he MOST likely to exhibit?

Accepted Answer

A) eating cake with a fork 
B) scribbling on paper plates with a crayon 
C) putting his birthday candles into his milk cup 
D) unwrapping his gifts to see what he has received 
A) eating cake with a fork 
B) scribbling on paper plates with a crayon 
C) putting his birthday candles into his milk cup 
D) unwrapping his gifts to see what he has received

Question 14

What new abilities emerge when a child is around 9 months of age?

Accepted Answer

A) increasing inhibition of action and guiding movements with a single glance 
B) grabbing for an object but failing to close a hand around it 
C) no longer grabbing for items out of reach 
D) good coordination of the thumb and forefinger 
A) increasing inhibition of action and guiding movements with a single glance 
B) grabbing for an object but failing to close a hand around it 
C) no longer grabbing for items out of reach 
D) good coordination of the thumb and forefinger

Question 15

A girl who sees a windup toy move under the bed runs around to meet it on the other side. This is behavior we might see in a child who is in ____________ of the sensorimotor period:

Accepted Answer

A) substage 3 
B) substage 4 
C) substage 5 
D) substage 6 
A) substage 3 
B) substage 4 
C) substage 5 
D) substage 6

Question 16

In a series of experiments, Rovee­Collier and her colleagues demonstrated that infants of various ages could learn to activate a mobile by kicking, and that merely seeing the mobile at a later date would lead to kicking. These studies demonstrate that infants can:

Accepted Answer

A) remember events, but their memory develops slowly between 2 and 6 months. 
B) remember events, and their memory develops rapidly between 2 and 6 months. 
C) not remember events until at least 4 months of age, but afterwards their memory increases rapidly. 
D) not remember events until at least 4 months of age, and after that their memory increases slowly. 
A) remember events, but their memory develops slowly between 2 and 6 months. 
B) remember events, and their memory develops rapidly between 2 and 6 months. 
C) not remember events until at least 4 months of age, but afterwards their memory increases rapidly. 
D) not remember events until at least 4 months of age, and after that their memory increases slowly.

Question 17

How does an infant's ability to make categorical distinctions change over the first year of life? How do psychologists study these changes?

Accepted Answer

Infants' ability to make categorical dis

Question 18

Which of the following results is most consistent with Wynn's investigations of whether young babies can count?

Accepted Answer

A) Four­month­old infants do not exhibit behaviors that suggest numerical understandings. 
B) Infants as young as 4 months of age look longer at impossible outcomes of simple addition events, but do not seem to understand simple subtraction. 
C) Infants as young as 4 months of age look longer at impossible outcomes in both simple addition and subtraction events. 
D) Four­month­old boys, but not girls, demonstrate evidence of early counting abilities. 
A) Four­month­old infants do not exhibit behaviors that suggest numerical understandings. 
B) Infants as young as 4 months of age look longer at impossible outcomes of simple addition events, but do not seem to understand simple subtraction. 
C) Infants as young as 4 months of age look longer at impossible outcomes in both simple addition and subtraction events. 
D) Four­month­old boys, but not girls, demonstrate evidence of early counting abilities.

Question 19

Common wisdom holds that girls mature faster than boys; research:

Accepted Answer

A) supports this idea by demonstrating that the growth rate for girls is faster than the growth rate for boys. 
B) supports this idea by demonstrating that the growth rate for boys is faster than the growth rate for girls. 
C) refutes this idea by demonstrating that the growth rates for girls is faster than the growth rate for boys. 
D) refutes this idea by demonstrating that the growth rates for b ys is faster than the growth rate for girls. 
A) supports this idea by demonstrating that the growth rate for girls is faster than the growth rate for boys. 
B) supports this idea by demonstrating that the growth rate for boys is faster than the growth rate for girls. 
C) refutes this idea by demonstrating that the growth rates for girls is faster than the growth rate for boys. 
D) refutes this idea by demonstrating that the growth rates for b ys is faster than the growth rate for girls.

Question 20

Brandy, age 5 months, has become interested in objects and will repeat actions with them that happen by chance. Piaget would say Brandy is engaging in which of the following types of activity?

Accepted Answer

A) primary circular reactions 
B) secondary circular reactions 
C) tertiary circular reactions 
D) coordination of secondary circular reactions 
A) primary circular reactions 
B) secondary circular reactions 
C) tertiary circular reactions 
D) coordination of secondary circular reactions

Which of the following circular reactions are characterized by the use of systematically varied action sequences?

Helen's daughter started to walk holding onto furniture at 7 months of age, while Cathy's son started to walk holding onto furniture at 12½ months of age. How should Helen and Cathy respond to their children's abilities?

What is the violationofexpectations method? How has it been used to evaluate infants' understandings?

Changes in the prefrontal cortex between 7 and 9 months of age seem to be important for the emergence of:

Which of the following results was obtained in studies investigating infants' behavior on the virtual cliff apparatus?

During the first year of life, MOST healthy babies add about pounds and inches.

How do researchers test for object permanence?

The bones in an infant's hands and wrists are:

Implications of the MOST recent research on the Mozart Effect suggest that parents hoping to foster cognitive growth in their babies should:

According to Piaget, if an infant discovers that when she kicks the mobile above her crib the fairytale characters flutter, then repeats this action many times, this is an example of:

As infants gain more control over their hands:

By adulthood the percentage of a person's body that is the head is about:

You are a guest at Aksel's first birthday party. Which of the following behaviors is he MOST likely to exhibit?

What new abilities emerge when a child is around 9 months of age?

A girl who sees a windup toy move under the bed runs around to meet it on the other side. This is behavior we might see in a child who is in ____________ of the sensorimotor period:

In a series of experiments, RoveeCollier and her colleagues demonstrated that infants of various ages could learn to activate a mobile by kicking, and that merely seeing the mobile at a later date would lead to kicking. These studies demonstrate that infants can:

How does an infant's ability to make categorical distinctions change over the first year of life? How do psychologists study these changes?

Which of the following results is most consistent with Wynn's investigations of whether young babies can count?

Common wisdom holds that girls mature faster than boys; research:

Brandy, age 5 months, has become interested in objects and will repeat actions with them that happen by chance. Piaget would say Brandy is engaging in which of the following types of activity?

The Study of Human Development

Biocultural Foundations

Prenatal Development and Birth

The First Three Months

Emotional and Social Development During Infancy

Language Acquisition

Physical and Cognitive Development of Early Childhood

Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood

Contexts of Development

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

School As a Context for Development

Social and Emotional Developments in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Social and Emotional Development During Adolescence

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Exam 5: Physical and Cognitive Development in the First Two Years

Which of the following circular reactions are characterized by the use of systematically varied action sequences?

Helen's daughter started to walk holding onto furniture at 7 months of age, while Cathy's son started to walk holding onto furniture at 12½ months of age. How should Helen and Cathy respond to their children's abilities?

What is the violation­of­expectations method? How has it been used to evaluate infants' understandings?

Changes in the prefrontal cortex between 7 and 9 months of age seem to be important for the emergence of:

Which of the following results was obtained in studies investigating infants' behavior on the virtual cliff apparatus?

During the first year of life, MOST healthy babies add about ____________ pounds and ____________ inches.

How do researchers test for object permanence?

The bones in an infant's hands and wrists are:

Implications of the MOST recent research on the Mozart Effect suggest that parents hoping to foster cognitive growth in their babies should:

According to Piaget, if an infant discovers that when she kicks the mobile above her crib the fairy­tale characters flutter, then repeats this action many times, this is an example of:

As infants gain more control over their hands:

By adulthood the percentage of a person's body that is the head is about:

You are a guest at Aksel's first birthday party. Which of the following behaviors is he MOST likely to exhibit?

What new abilities emerge when a child is around 9 months of age?

A girl who sees a windup toy move under the bed runs around to meet it on the other side. This is behavior we might see in a child who is in ____________ of the sensorimotor period:

In a series of experiments, Rovee­Collier and her colleagues demonstrated that infants of various ages could learn to activate a mobile by kicking, and that merely seeing the mobile at a later date would lead to kicking. These studies demonstrate that infants can:

How does an infant's ability to make categorical distinctions change over the first year of life? How do psychologists study these changes?

Which of the following results is most consistent with Wynn's investigations of whether young babies can count?

Common wisdom holds that girls mature faster than boys; research:

Brandy, age 5 months, has become interested in objects and will repeat actions with them that happen by chance. Piaget would say Brandy is engaging in which of the following types of activity?

The Study of Human Development

Biocultural Foundations

Prenatal Development and Birth

The First Three Months

Emotional and Social Development During Infancy

Language Acquisition

Physical and Cognitive Development of Early Childhood

Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood

Contexts of Development

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

School As a Context for Development

Social and Emotional Developments in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Social and Emotional Development During Adolescence

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What is the violationofexpectations method? How has it been used to evaluate infants' understandings?

During the first year of life, MOST healthy babies add about pounds and inches.

According to Piaget, if an infant discovers that when she kicks the mobile above her crib the fairytale characters flutter, then repeats this action many times, this is an example of:

In a series of experiments, RoveeCollier and her colleagues demonstrated that infants of various ages could learn to activate a mobile by kicking, and that merely seeing the mobile at a later date would lead to kicking. These studies demonstrate that infants can: