Question 1

Flattened membranous structures that connect the thylakoids of different grana are known as ______.

Accepted Answer

A) grana thylakoids 
B) stroma thylakoids 
C) grana 
D) lumen 
E) stroma 
A) grana thylakoids 
B) stroma thylakoids 
C) grana 
D) lumen 
E) stroma B

Question 2

What group of organisms is thought to be responsible for converting about 500 trillion kg of CO2 to carbohydrate each year?

Accepted Answer

A) plant life as a whole 
B) phytoplankton 
C) fungi 
D) bacteria 
E) mosses 
A) plant life as a whole 
B) phytoplankton 
C) fungi 
D) bacteria 
E) mosses A

Question 3

Thylakoid membranes have ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) high protein content 
B) relatively plentiful phospholipids 
C) a low percentage of galactose-containing glycolipids 
D) low protein content 
A) high protein content 
B) relatively plentiful phospholipids 
C) a low percentage of galactose-containing glycolipids 
D) low protein content A

Question 4

The primary role of amyloplasts in a plant cell is __________________________

Accepted Answer

A) pollination 
B) seed dispersal 
C) protection from herbivorous animals 
D) protection from herbicides 
E) energy storage 
A) pollination 
B) seed dispersal 
C) protection from herbivorous animals 
D) protection from herbicides 
E) energy storage

Question 5

Chloroplasts were discovered as the site of photosynthesis in an ingenious experiment. What was it?

Accepted Answer

A) Oxygen could be seen as it was produced in chloroplasts. 
B) Chloroplasts were seen to swell in the presence of sunlight. 
C) Spirogyra in the dark shrank and their chloroplast disappeared. 
D) When Spirogyra was illuminated, actively moving bacteria gathered outside the cell near its large ribbon-like chloroplast to use the oxygen produced there for aerobic respiration. 
A) Oxygen could be seen as it was produced in chloroplasts. 
B) Chloroplasts were seen to swell in the presence of sunlight. 
C) Spirogyra in the dark shrank and their chloroplast disappeared. 
D) When Spirogyra was illuminated, actively moving bacteria gathered outside the cell near its large ribbon-like chloroplast to use the oxygen produced there for aerobic respiration.

Question 6

Noncyclic photophosphorylation is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A) involvement of PSII, not PSI 
B) a requirement for CO2 
C) a requirement for oxidized NADP 
D) a requirement for sunlight 
A) involvement of PSII, not PSI 
B) a requirement for CO2 
C) a requirement for oxidized NADP 
D) a requirement for sunlight

Question 7

Thylakoid membranes are characterized by possessing ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) low protein content 
B) relatively plentiful phospholipids 
C) a high percentage of galactose-containing glycolipids 
D) low DNA content 
A) low protein content 
B) relatively plentiful phospholipids 
C) a high percentage of galactose-containing glycolipids 
D) low DNA content

Question 8

Organisms that use the radiant energy of the sun to convert carbon dioxide to organic molecules like carbohydrates and proteins are called _____.

Accepted Answer

A) chemoautotrophs 
B) chemoheterotrophs 
C) photoautotrophs 
D) photoheterotrophs 
E) didliotrophs 
A) chemoautotrophs 
B) chemoheterotrophs 
C) photoautotrophs 
D) photoheterotrophs 
E) didliotrophs

Question 9

Why does an electrochemical potential build up in mitochondria, but not in chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

A) Proton movement into the thylakoid lumen is neutralized by the movement of other ions. 
B) Proton movement into the intercristal space is neutralized by the movement of other ions. 
C) Proton movement into the cristae lumen is neutralized by the movement of other ions. 
D) The protons in chloroplasts are immediately joined to electrons. 
E) The protons in mitochondria are immediately joined to electrons. 
A) Proton movement into the thylakoid lumen is neutralized by the movement of other ions. 
B) Proton movement into the intercristal space is neutralized by the movement of other ions. 
C) Proton movement into the cristae lumen is neutralized by the movement of other ions. 
D) The protons in chloroplasts are immediately joined to electrons. 
E) The protons in mitochondria are immediately joined to electrons.

Question 10

Into which structure is malate transported during nighttime carbon fixation?

Accepted Answer

A) the plasma membrane 
B) the mitochondrion 
C) the central vacuole 
D) the lysosome 
E) the endoplasmic reticulum 
A) the plasma membrane 
B) the mitochondrion 
C) the central vacuole 
D) the lysosome 
E) the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

___________is a small, water-soluble, iron-sulfur protein that transfers electrons to NADP+ to form NADPH.

Accepted Answer

A) Ferritin 
B) Sulfotriene 
C) Sulfate 
D) Ferredoxin 
E) Sulferritin 
A) Ferritin 
B) Sulfotriene 
C) Sulfate 
D) Ferredoxin 
E) Sulferritin

Question 12

How do C4 plants manage to cause CO2 fixation to be favored over photorespiration?

Accepted Answer

A) They can generate high [CO2]/[O2] ratios in the local Rubisco environment. 
B) They can generate low [CO2]/[O2] ratios in the local Rubisco environment. 
C) They destroy the cell wall. 
D) They convert CO2 to O2. 
E) They can generate high [CO2]/[O2] ratios in the local PEP carboxylase environment. 
A) They can generate high [CO2]/[O2] ratios in the local Rubisco environment. 
B) They can generate low [CO2]/[O2] ratios in the local Rubisco environment. 
C) They destroy the cell wall. 
D) They convert CO2 to O2. 
E) They can generate high [CO2]/[O2] ratios in the local PEP carboxylase environment.

Question 13

The non-pigmented precursors of chloroplasts are called __________.

Accepted Answer

A) prechloros 
B) preplastids 
C) proplastids 
D) prochloroplasts 
E) prechloroplasts 
A) prechloros 
B) preplastids 
C) proplastids 
D) prochloroplasts 
E) prechloroplasts

Question 14

How do C4 and CAM plants overcome the negative effects of photorespiration?

Accepted Answer

A) They destroy O2. 
B) They chemically alter O2 before it gets to the enzyme. 
C) They employ mechanisms that increase the CO2/O2 ratio to which Rubisco molecules are exposed. 
D) They chemically alter CO2. 
E) They destroy CO2. 
A) They destroy O2. 
B) They chemically alter O2 before it gets to the enzyme. 
C) They employ mechanisms that increase the CO2/O2 ratio to which Rubisco molecules are exposed. 
D) They chemically alter CO2. 
E) They destroy CO2.

Question 15

What substance is made in the mesophyll cells of CAM plants during the nighttime fixation of CO2 and then stored in the cell's central vacuole?

Accepted Answer

A) malate 
B) oxygen 
C) RuBP 
D) PEP 
E) water 
A) malate 
B) oxygen 
C) RuBP 
D) PEP 
E) water

Question 16

Why is the conversion of CO2 to a 6-carbon sugar so energetically expensive?

Accepted Answer

A) CO2 is the most highly reduced and least energetic form in which carbon can occur. 
B) CO2 is very unstable. 
C) CO2 is the most highly oxidized and least energetic form in which carbon can occur. 
D) CO2 is the most highly oxidized and most energetic form in which carbon can occur. 
E) CO2 is highly unstable and only moderately energetic which makes the process more expensive energetically. 
A) CO2 is the most highly reduced and least energetic form in which carbon can occur. 
B) CO2 is very unstable. 
C) CO2 is the most highly oxidized and least energetic form in which carbon can occur. 
D) CO2 is the most highly oxidized and most energetic form in which carbon can occur. 
E) CO2 is highly unstable and only moderately energetic which makes the process more expensive energetically.

Question 17

Which of the following is not considered to be a contributor to increased global surface temperatures?

Accepted Answer

A) greenhouse gas emission 
B) burning of fossil fuels 
C) deforestation 
D) carbon sequestration 
E) industrial and transportation infrastructure 
A) greenhouse gas emission 
B) burning of fossil fuels 
C) deforestation 
D) carbon sequestration 
E) industrial and transportation infrastructure

Question 18

What molecular property of protoporphyrin IX permits light absorption in the blue and red wavelength ranges?

Accepted Answer

A) two carboxylic acid residues 
B) multiple methyl groups 
C) conjugated single and double bonds 
D) four nitrogen atoms 
A) two carboxylic acid residues 
B) multiple methyl groups 
C) conjugated single and double bonds 
D) four nitrogen atoms

Question 19

The earliest photosynthetic organisms on Earth probably used __________ as an electron source for photosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

A) water 
B) hydrogen sulfide 
C) hydrogen sulfite 
D) carbon dioxide 
E) carbohydrates 
A) water 
B) hydrogen sulfide 
C) hydrogen sulfite 
D) carbon dioxide 
E) carbohydrates

Question 20

To what organelle is glycolate passed after it is produced in the chloroplast?

Accepted Answer

A) peroxisome 
B) glyoxysome 
C) lysosome 
D) Golgi apparatus 
E) rough endoplasmic reticulum 
A) peroxisome 
B) glyoxysome 
C) lysosome 
D) Golgi apparatus 
E) rough endoplasmic reticulum

Flattened membranous structures that connect the thylakoids of different grana are known as ______.

What group of organisms is thought to be responsible for converting about 500 trillion kg of CO₂ to carbohydrate each year?

Thylakoid membranes have ___________.

The primary role of amyloplasts in a plant cell is __________________________

Chloroplasts were discovered as the site of photosynthesis in an ingenious experiment. What was it?

Noncyclic photophosphorylation is characterized by:

Thylakoid membranes are characterized by possessing ___________.

Organisms that use the radiant energy of the sun to convert carbon dioxide to organic molecules like carbohydrates and proteins are called _____.

Why does an electrochemical potential build up in mitochondria, but not in chloroplasts?

Into which structure is malate transported during nighttime carbon fixation?

___________is a small, water-soluble, iron-sulfur protein that transfers electrons to NADP⁺ to form NADPH.

How do C₄ plants manage to cause CO₂ fixation to be favored over photorespiration?

The non-pigmented precursors of chloroplasts are called __________.

How do C₄ and CAM plants overcome the negative effects of photorespiration?

What substance is made in the mesophyll cells of CAM plants during the nighttime fixation of CO₂ and then stored in the cell's central vacuole?

Why is the conversion of CO₂ to a 6-carbon sugar so energetically expensive?

Which of the following is not considered to be a contributor to increased global surface temperatures?

What molecular property of protoporphyrin IX permits light absorption in the blue and red wavelength ranges?

The earliest photosynthetic organisms on Earth probably used __________ as an electron source for photosynthesis.

To what organelle is glycolate passed after it is produced in the chloroplast?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 6: Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Flattened membranous structures that connect the thylakoids of different grana are known as ______.

What group of organisms is thought to be responsible for converting about 500 trillion kg of CO2 to carbohydrate each year?

Thylakoid membranes have ___________.

The primary role of amyloplasts in a plant cell is __________________________

Chloroplasts were discovered as the site of photosynthesis in an ingenious experiment. What was it?

Noncyclic photophosphorylation is characterized by:

Thylakoid membranes are characterized by possessing ___________.

Organisms that use the radiant energy of the sun to convert carbon dioxide to organic molecules like carbohydrates and proteins are called _____.

Why does an electrochemical potential build up in mitochondria, but not in chloroplasts?

Into which structure is malate transported during nighttime carbon fixation?

___________is a small, water-soluble, iron-sulfur protein that transfers electrons to NADP+ to form NADPH.

How do C4 plants manage to cause CO2 fixation to be favored over photorespiration?

The non-pigmented precursors of chloroplasts are called __________.

How do C4 and CAM plants overcome the negative effects of photorespiration?

What substance is made in the mesophyll cells of CAM plants during the nighttime fixation of CO2 and then stored in the cell's central vacuole?

Why is the conversion of CO2 to a 6-carbon sugar so energetically expensive?

Which of the following is not considered to be a contributor to increased global surface temperatures?

What molecular property of protoporphyrin IX permits light absorption in the blue and red wavelength ranges?

The earliest photosynthetic organisms on Earth probably used __________ as an electron source for photosynthesis.

To what organelle is glycolate passed after it is produced in the chloroplast?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

What group of organisms is thought to be responsible for converting about 500 trillion kg of CO₂ to carbohydrate each year?

___________is a small, water-soluble, iron-sulfur protein that transfers electrons to NADP⁺ to form NADPH.

How do C₄ plants manage to cause CO₂ fixation to be favored over photorespiration?

How do C₄ and CAM plants overcome the negative effects of photorespiration?

What substance is made in the mesophyll cells of CAM plants during the nighttime fixation of CO₂ and then stored in the cell's central vacuole?

Why is the conversion of CO₂ to a 6-carbon sugar so energetically expensive?