Question 1

Why must a specimen that is to be viewed in the SEM be dehydrated before viewing?

Accepted Answer

A) Water causes the specimen to swell. 
B) Water distorts the image. 
C) The specimen will be observed in a vacuum, which would cause the water to freeze. 
D) The specimen will be observed in a vacuum, which would cause the water to evaporate rapidly and damage the specimen, altering its surface structure. 
E) Water attracts electrons. 
A) Water causes the specimen to swell. 
B) Water distorts the image. 
C) The specimen will be observed in a vacuum, which would cause the water to freeze. 
D) The specimen will be observed in a vacuum, which would cause the water to evaporate rapidly and damage the specimen, altering its surface structure. 
E) Water attracts electrons. D

Question 2

Which form of radiation is equivalent to a helium atom nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A) an alpha particle 
B) a delta particle 
C) a beta particle 
D) gamma radiation 
E) an omega particle 
A) an alpha particle 
B) a delta particle 
C) a beta particle 
D) gamma radiation 
E) an omega particle A

Question 3

A solvent passes through a column and is collected as it drips out of the bottom of the column into a series of tubes; each of these tubes is called ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) an elutant 
B) a fractal 
C) a diluent 
D) a fraction 
E) a digest 
A) an elutant 
B) a fractal 
C) a diluent 
D) a fraction 
E) a digest D

Question 4

How are DNA molecules fragmented during sequencing procedures?

Accepted Answer

A) by acid hydrolysis 
B) by basic condensation 
C) using restriction enzymes 
D) using DNA polymerase I 
E) by sonicating the sample 
A) by acid hydrolysis 
B) by basic condensation 
C) using restriction enzymes 
D) using DNA polymerase I 
E) by sonicating the sample

Question 5

What does the change in field direction in pulsed field electrophoresis accomplish?

Accepted Answer

A) It makes the DNA molecules move faster. 
B) It causes the DNA molecules to reorient themselves during their migration. 
C) It causes the DNA molecules to denature. 
D) It causes the DNA molecules to renature. 
E) It causes the stain to adhere better to the DNA molecules. 
A) It makes the DNA molecules move faster. 
B) It causes the DNA molecules to reorient themselves during their migration. 
C) It causes the DNA molecules to denature. 
D) It causes the DNA molecules to renature. 
E) It causes the stain to adhere better to the DNA molecules.

Question 6

What presently supplies reduced nitrogen compounds to crop plants that are unable to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere on their own?

Accepted Answer

A) phosphates 
B) water 
C) fertilizers 
D) soil 
E) sunlight 
A) phosphates 
B) water 
C) fertilizers 
D) soil 
E) sunlight

Question 7

The process of learning about genotypes by studying mutant phenotypes is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A) reverse genetics 
B) forward genetics 
C) backwards genetics 
D) frontwards genetics 
E) proverse genetics 
A) reverse genetics 
B) forward genetics 
C) backwards genetics 
D) frontwards genetics 
E) proverse genetics

Question 8

In the cycle sequencing method, how is the sequence of the DNA determined?

Accepted Answer

A) from autoradiograms 
B) from the order of fluorescent colors in the capillary gel 
C) from the overall color of the gel 
D) from the amount of heavy nitrogen in each band on the gel 
E) from the absorbance read in the spectrophotometer 
A) from autoradiograms 
B) from the order of fluorescent colors in the capillary gel 
C) from the overall color of the gel 
D) from the amount of heavy nitrogen in each band on the gel 
E) from the absorbance read in the spectrophotometer

Question 9

What device is used to automatically change the temperature of the PCR reaction mixture, allowing each step in the cycle to take place?

Accepted Answer

A) a water bath 
B) a thermal cycler 
C) an ice bucket 
D) a thermocoupler 
E) a thermometer 
A) a water bath 
B) a thermal cycler 
C) an ice bucket 
D) a thermocoupler 
E) a thermometer

Question 10

The fluorescence imaging method in which a specimen containing one or more photoswitchable fluorophores is illuminated with pulses of light is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) fluorescence recovery after photobleaching 
B) laser scanning confocal microscopy 
C) super-resolution microscopy 
D) light sheet microscopy 
E) fluorescence resonance energy transfer 
A) fluorescence recovery after photobleaching 
B) laser scanning confocal microscopy 
C) super-resolution microscopy 
D) light sheet microscopy 
E) fluorescence resonance energy transfer

Question 11

How do you prepare tissue for electron microscopy without using fixatives?

Accepted Answer

A) Freeze it gradually over a few hours. 
B) Freeze it rapidly. 
C) Subject it to a vacuum rapidly. 
D) Heat it to dry it rapidly. 
E) Coat it quickly in heavy metal. 
A) Freeze it gradually over a few hours. 
B) Freeze it rapidly. 
C) Subject it to a vacuum rapidly. 
D) Heat it to dry it rapidly. 
E) Coat it quickly in heavy metal.

Question 12

What method introduces new variants into a population that may or may not affect the gene being studied?

Accepted Answer

A) directed mutation 
B) replication 
C) random mutation 
D) evolution 
E) intelligent design 
A) directed mutation 
B) replication 
C) random mutation 
D) evolution 
E) intelligent design

Question 13

__________ are established with cells that have been obtained directly from the organism; cultures produced from animal cells are usually obtained from ________.

Accepted Answer

A) Primary cultures, embryos 
B) Secondary cultures, adult organisms 
C) Primary cultures, adult organisms 
D) Secondary cultures, embryos 
E) Secondary cultures, primary cultures 
A) Primary cultures, embryos 
B) Secondary cultures, adult organisms 
C) Primary cultures, adult organisms 
D) Secondary cultures, embryos 
E) Secondary cultures, primary cultures

Question 14

What is the name of the procedure in which proteins separated on a polyacrylamide gel are transferred with the application of a current to a nitrocellulose filter placed against the gel and subsequently identified by their interaction with specific antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A) a Southern blot 
B) a Northern blot 
C) an Eastern blot 
D) a Western blot 
E) an East Northeastern blot 
A) a Southern blot 
B) a Northern blot 
C) an Eastern blot 
D) a Western blot 
E) an East Northeastern blot

Question 15

Which of the following is a feature of "third generation" sequencers?

Accepted Answer

A) sequencing of single molecules without amplification 
B) generation of long reads of 1000 nucleotides or more 
C) laser-based detection of nucleotide incorporation 
D) identification of single nucleotides passing through nanopores 
E) all of these are correct 
A) sequencing of single molecules without amplification 
B) generation of long reads of 1000 nucleotides or more 
C) laser-based detection of nucleotide incorporation 
D) identification of single nucleotides passing through nanopores 
E) all of these are correct

Question 16

Antibodies can distinguish between two polypeptides that differ by as little as __________.

Accepted Answer

A) one amino acid 
B) two amino acids 
C) five amino acids 
D) one nucleotide 
E) two nucleotides 
A) one amino acid 
B) two amino acids 
C) five amino acids 
D) one nucleotide 
E) two nucleotides

Question 17

Nucleic acid hybridization techniques are based on the observation that ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) DNA can be very long 
B) two single-stranded nucleic acid molecules of complementary base sequence can form a double-stranded hybrid 
C) DNA molecules are very hydrophobic 
D) two single-stranded nucleic acid molecules of any base sequence can form a double-stranded hybrid 
E) two double-stranded nucleic acid molecules of complementary base sequence can form a double-stranded hybrid 
A) DNA can be very long 
B) two single-stranded nucleic acid molecules of complementary base sequence can form a double-stranded hybrid 
C) DNA molecules are very hydrophobic 
D) two single-stranded nucleic acid molecules of any base sequence can form a double-stranded hybrid 
E) two double-stranded nucleic acid molecules of complementary base sequence can form a double-stranded hybrid

Question 18

Good fixatives are chemicals that _______ and ________ cellular macromolecules without producing artifacts.

Accepted Answer

A) precipitate, degrade 
B) degrade, denature 
C) denature, precipitate 
D) denature, polarize 
E) polarize, precipitate 
A) precipitate, degrade 
B) degrade, denature 
C) denature, precipitate 
D) denature, polarize 
E) polarize, precipitate

Question 19

What is required in order to study a protein's fine structure or function?

Accepted Answer

A) It must be isolated in a relatively pure state. 
B) It must be observed in a light microscope. 
C) It must be denatured. 
D) It must be enzymatically degraded. 
E) It must be fixed. 
A) It must be isolated in a relatively pure state. 
B) It must be observed in a light microscope. 
C) It must be denatured. 
D) It must be enzymatically degraded. 
E) It must be fixed.

Question 20

With what molecules in a cell does osmium tetroxide primarily react?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA 
B) RNA 
C) fatty acids 
D) proteins 
E) carbohydrates 
A) DNA 
B) RNA 
C) fatty acids 
D) proteins 
E) carbohydrates

Why must a specimen that is to be viewed in the SEM be dehydrated before viewing?

Which form of radiation is equivalent to a helium atom nucleus?

A solvent passes through a column and is collected as it drips out of the bottom of the column into a series of tubes; each of these tubes is called ____________.

How are DNA molecules fragmented during sequencing procedures?

What does the change in field direction in pulsed field electrophoresis accomplish?

What presently supplies reduced nitrogen compounds to crop plants that are unable to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere on their own?

The process of learning about genotypes by studying mutant phenotypes is called ________.

In the cycle sequencing method, how is the sequence of the DNA determined?

What device is used to automatically change the temperature of the PCR reaction mixture, allowing each step in the cycle to take place?

The fluorescence imaging method in which a specimen containing one or more photoswitchable fluorophores is illuminated with pulses of light is known as:

How do you prepare tissue for electron microscopy without using fixatives?

What method introduces new variants into a population that may or may not affect the gene being studied?

__ are established with cells that have been obtained directly from the organism; cultures produced from animal cells are usually obtained from .

What is the name of the procedure in which proteins separated on a polyacrylamide gel are transferred with the application of a current to a nitrocellulose filter placed against the gel and subsequently identified by their interaction with specific antibodies?

Which of the following is a feature of "third generation" sequencers?

Antibodies can distinguish between two polypeptides that differ by as little as __________.

Nucleic acid hybridization techniques are based on the observation that ______________.

Good fixatives are chemicals that _ and __ cellular macromolecules without producing artifacts.

What is required in order to study a protein's fine structure or function?

With what molecules in a cell does osmium tetroxide primarily react?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Filters

Exam 18: Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Why must a specimen that is to be viewed in the SEM be dehydrated before viewing?

Which form of radiation is equivalent to a helium atom nucleus?

A solvent passes through a column and is collected as it drips out of the bottom of the column into a series of tubes; each of these tubes is called ____________.

How are DNA molecules fragmented during sequencing procedures?

What does the change in field direction in pulsed field electrophoresis accomplish?

What presently supplies reduced nitrogen compounds to crop plants that are unable to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere on their own?

The process of learning about genotypes by studying mutant phenotypes is called ________.

In the cycle sequencing method, how is the sequence of the DNA determined?

What device is used to automatically change the temperature of the PCR reaction mixture, allowing each step in the cycle to take place?

The fluorescence imaging method in which a specimen containing one or more photoswitchable fluorophores is illuminated with pulses of light is known as:

How do you prepare tissue for electron microscopy without using fixatives?

What method introduces new variants into a population that may or may not affect the gene being studied?

__________ are established with cells that have been obtained directly from the organism; cultures produced from animal cells are usually obtained from ________.

What is the name of the procedure in which proteins separated on a polyacrylamide gel are transferred with the application of a current to a nitrocellulose filter placed against the gel and subsequently identified by their interaction with specific antibodies?

Which of the following is a feature of "third generation" sequencers?

Antibodies can distinguish between two polypeptides that differ by as little as __________.

Nucleic acid hybridization techniques are based on the observation that ______________.

Good fixatives are chemicals that _______ and ________ cellular macromolecules without producing artifacts.

What is required in order to study a protein's fine structure or function?

With what molecules in a cell does osmium tetroxide primarily react?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Filters

__ are established with cells that have been obtained directly from the organism; cultures produced from animal cells are usually obtained from .

Good fixatives are chemicals that _ and __ cellular macromolecules without producing artifacts.