Exam 1: An Overview of Community Corrections: Goals and Evidence-Based Practices

Roughly how many people are currently under some form of correctional supervision in the United States?

The release of a convicted offender under conditions imposed by the court for a specified period of time, during which the court retains authority to modify the conditions or to resentence the offender if he or she violates the conditions, is known as __________.

"Net widening" results in a cost increase instead of a cost savings.

In contrast to mainstream criminal justice that is focused on punishment of the offender, restorative justice is centered on the victim throughout the process and emphasizes the offender's responsibility to repair the injustice and wrong caused to the victim.

The pretrial and bail decision is one of the three major decision points in the corrections system.

You have been caught red-handed shoplifting from a mall. Describe your journey through the corrections system, and the role discretion has in each of the three major decision points in the corrections system as it applies to your case. What should be emphasized at each stage, in your opinion?

From the 1930s to the 1970s, _____ was the primary sentencing philosophy in the United States.

The most commonly used dependent variable when evaluating the effectiveness of correctional treatment programs is ______________.

The state in which a defendant has been sentenced by a court after having either pled guilty or been found guilty by a judge or jury is known as

Restorative justice is most effective with _____ crimes.

All U.S. states have adopted some form of mandatory minimum sentencing laws for certain types of offenses, requiring a minimum period of time that must be served before release can be considered.

Parole is used for offenders who have not yet been convicted of a felony offense.

In determinate sentencing, the range of permissible sentences is determined largely by _____________.

You work as a social worker in a poor area of Detroit. You have to spend your time with victims of crime, and with criminals who want to improve their situation. You have a lunch with the head of a community corrections program, and want to tell her about the value of rehabilitation. The community corrections officer believes in restorative justice. How will you convince her?

_____________ refers to the correctional process in which offenders are exposed to treatment in the hopes of correcting the issues that may be causing them to commit crime.

Lack of confidence in correctional programming peaked in 1974 when __________ publication concluded that, "with few exceptions, the rehabilitative efforts that have been reported so far had no appreciable effect on recidivism."

Indeterminate sentencing and determinate sentencing are the two main sentencing philosophies.

Forty-five years ago, the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice introduced the term ________.

Return to criminal behavior, usually measured as either rearrest, reconviction, or reincarceration, is referred to as __________.

The three main decision points in the corrections system are bail, sentencing, and _____.