Question 1

What is intersubjectivity?

Accepted Answer

A)  judgments made across time periods 
B)  when two interacting partners share a mutual understanding 
C)  infants' ability to determine meanings of words from context 
D)  use of the grammatical structure of an entire sentence to figure out meaning 
A)  judgments made across time periods 
B)  when two interacting partners share a mutual understanding 
C)  infants' ability to determine meanings of words from context 
D)  use of the grammatical structure of an entire sentence to figure out meaning

Question 2

Six-month-old Liana, 9-month-old Joshua, and 11-month-old Sadie all live in English-speaking homes in English-speaking communities. Which statement is MOST likely to be true about their abilities to discriminate among sounds that are found in Mandarin Chinese but are not found in English?

Accepted Answer

A)  Liana will be the most able. 
B)  Sadie will be the most able. 
C)  Liana and Joshua will be equally able, and both will be more able than Sadie. 
D)  Joshua and Sadie will be equally able, and both will be more able than Liana. 
A)  Liana will be the most able. 
B)  Sadie will be the most able. 
C)  Liana and Joshua will be equally able, and both will be more able than Sadie. 
D)  Joshua and Sadie will be equally able, and both will be more able than Liana.

Question 3

Johnson and Newport's study of the English proficiency of Korean and Chinese immigrants in the United States demonstrated that knowledge of English grammar was associated with the

Accepted Answer

A)  length of time individuals had lived in the United States. 
B)  age at which individuals began learning English. 
C)  individuals' motivation to learn English. 
D)  length of time individuals had lived in the United States and the age at which individuals began learning English. 
A)  length of time individuals had lived in the United States. 
B)  age at which individuals began learning English. 
C)  individuals' motivation to learn English. 
D)  length of time individuals had lived in the United States and the age at which individuals began learning English.

Question 4

Which cue would a young child NOT be able to use when interpreting the meaning of a novel word used by an adult?

Accepted Answer

A)  where the adult is looking or pointing 
B)  whether the novel word was used as a noun, an adjective, or a verb 
C)  the intentionality of the adult using the novel word 
D)  Young children are capable of using all these cues to interpret word meaning. 
A)  where the adult is looking or pointing 
B)  whether the novel word was used as a noun, an adjective, or a verb 
C)  the intentionality of the adult using the novel word 
D)  Young children are capable of using all these cues to interpret word meaning.

Question 5

Two-year-old Shana is shown a novel object. The object is 6 inches wide, is made out of blue wire, and is in the shape of an octagon. An adult tells Shana, "This is a glub." Of these objects, which is Shana MOST likely to later believe is a glub?

Accepted Answer

A)  a 12-inch octagonal object made out of red felt 
B)  a 6-inch square object made out of green ceramic 
C)  a 2-inch triangular object made out of blue plastic 
D)  a 10-inch rectangular object made out of orange wire 
A)  a 12-inch octagonal object made out of red felt 
B)  a 6-inch square object made out of green ceramic 
C)  a 2-inch triangular object made out of blue plastic 
D)  a 10-inch rectangular object made out of orange wire

Question 6

Steffy is a baby who uses "baby signs." It can be expected that she

Accepted Answer

A)  may be deaf. 
B)  will experience delays in the development of spoken language. 
C)  is emotionally disturbed. 
D)  will have a larger spoken vocabulary at age 3. 
A)  may be deaf. 
B)  will experience delays in the development of spoken language. 
C)  is emotionally disturbed. 
D)  will have a larger spoken vocabulary at age 3.

Question 7

Which statement about infants' early word production is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The proportion of nouns in very young children's vocabulary is related to the proportion of nouns in their mothers' speech to them. 
B)  The rate of vocabulary development is associated with the amount of speech infants hear. 
C)  One-word utterances typically have the same meaning as adults' single words. 
D)  Highly educated mothers have children with larger vocabularies than those of children with less-educated mothers. 
A)  The proportion of nouns in very young children's vocabulary is related to the proportion of nouns in their mothers' speech to them. 
B)  The rate of vocabulary development is associated with the amount of speech infants hear. 
C)  One-word utterances typically have the same meaning as adults' single words. 
D)  Highly educated mothers have children with larger vocabularies than those of children with less-educated mothers.

Question 8

Which statement about infant-directed speech is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infant-directed speech affects infants' attention to language. 
B)  Infant-directed speech is necessary for language mastery. 
C)  Infants learn new words better when the words are presented in infant-directed speech. 
D)  Infants prefer infant-directed speech to adult-directed speech, even when it is in an unfamiliar language. 
A)  Infant-directed speech affects infants' attention to language. 
B)  Infant-directed speech is necessary for language mastery. 
C)  Infants learn new words better when the words are presented in infant-directed speech. 
D)  Infants prefer infant-directed speech to adult-directed speech, even when it is in an unfamiliar language.

Question 9

A study by Baldwin in which an experimenter showed 18-month-olds two novel objects and then concealed them in containers demonstrated that children

Accepted Answer

A)  use adults' focus of attention as a cue to word meaning. 
B)  are influenced by the grammatical category of new words. 
C)  often make incorrect assumptions about the meaning of new words. 
D)  are unable to use intentionality when interpreting the meaning of novel words. 
A)  use adults' focus of attention as a cue to word meaning. 
B)  are influenced by the grammatical category of new words. 
C)  often make incorrect assumptions about the meaning of new words. 
D)  are unable to use intentionality when interpreting the meaning of novel words.

Question 10

The phenomenon that in any language, certain sounds are more likely to occur together than are others is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  prosody. 
B)  pragmatics. 
C)  word segmentation. 
D)  distributional properties. 
A)  prosody. 
B)  pragmatics. 
C)  word segmentation. 
D)  distributional properties.

Question 11

Research has demonstrated that viewing of infant educational videos by infants around the age of 12 months is

Accepted Answer

A)  related to increases in vocabulary only when caregivers view the videos with the infants. 
B)  positively associated with vocabulary size. 
C)  negatively associated with vocabulary size. 
D)  unrelated to vocabulary size. 
A)  related to increases in vocabulary only when caregivers view the videos with the infants. 
B)  positively associated with vocabulary size. 
C)  negatively associated with vocabulary size. 
D)  unrelated to vocabulary size.

Question 12

Which of these is NOT associated with IDS?

Accepted Answer

A)  pitch variability 
B)  few questions 
C)  slower speech 
D)  word repetition 
A)  pitch variability 
B)  few questions 
C)  slower speech 
D)  word repetition

Question 13

Toddler Arielle sees a baby being tickled by a boy and hears her mother say, "The boy is tickling the baby." Arielle, who has never heard anyone use the word "tickling," is MOST likely

Accepted Answer

A)  not to consider what the word "tickling" refers to, as young children are unable to determine the meaning of a word after a single exposure. 
B)  to know that the word "tickling" is relevant to the scene she has just witnessed, but not be able to determine whether "tickling" refers to what the boy did, what the baby did, or what the two of them did together. 
C)  to believe that "tickling" refers to what the baby did. 
D)  to believe that "tickling" refers to what the boy did. 
A)  not to consider what the word "tickling" refers to, as young children are unable to determine the meaning of a word after a single exposure. 
B)  to know that the word "tickling" is relevant to the scene she has just witnessed, but not be able to determine whether "tickling" refers to what the boy did, what the baby did, or what the two of them did together. 
C)  to believe that "tickling" refers to what the baby did. 
D)  to believe that "tickling" refers to what the boy did.

Question 14

Nate is 2 years old and is talking to his mother. Which statement is his mother MOST likely to correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I maded this picture for you." 
B)  "No do that." 
C)  "Gooses have four legs." 
D)  "I wuv you." 
A)  "I maded this picture for you." 
B)  "No do that." 
C)  "Gooses have four legs." 
D)  "I wuv you."

Question 15

Research examining groups of deaf children who had no exposure to formal spoken or signed languages has demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

A)  children rarely go beyond the linguistic input they receive. 
B)  although children sometimes go beyond the linguistic input they receive, their spontaneous language remains far from qualifying as a true language. 
C)  children do go beyond the linguistic input they receive, and their spontaneous language can develop into a true language. 
D)  children who are not exposed to a formal language are unable to comprehend or produce language. 
A)  children rarely go beyond the linguistic input they receive. 
B)  although children sometimes go beyond the linguistic input they receive, their spontaneous language remains far from qualifying as a true language. 
C)  children do go beyond the linguistic input they receive, and their spontaneous language can develop into a true language. 
D)  children who are not exposed to a formal language are unable to comprehend or produce language.

Question 16

Toddler Arielle sees a baby being tickled by a boy and hears her mother say, "The boy is tickling the baby." Arielle has never heard anyone use the word "tickling." Arielle figures out that "tickling" is what the boy is doing to the baby, not what the baby is doing (laughing and waving her arms in delight), through

Accepted Answer

A)  syntactic bootstrapping. 
B)  intersubjectivity. 
C)  fast mapping. 
D)  attending to the linguistic category of the novel word. 
A)  syntactic bootstrapping. 
B)  intersubjectivity. 
C)  fast mapping. 
D)  attending to the linguistic category of the novel word.

Question 17

The development of language involves several areas of development-phonological, semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic. Briefly explain what development in each of these areas entails.

Accepted Answer

The first step in language development i

Question 18

Dual representation refers to the notion that a symbolic artifact must be represented as both

Accepted Answer

A)  a real object and something useful. 
B)  something useful and a depiction of something other than itself. 
C)  a depiction of something other than itself and a real object. 
D)  a communicative device and a real object. 
A)  a real object and something useful. 
B)  something useful and a depiction of something other than itself. 
C)  a depiction of something other than itself and a real object. 
D)  a communicative device and a real object.

Question 19

A broad interpretation of the meaning of a word is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  overextension. 
B)  underextension. 
C)  babbling. 
D)  pragmatics. 
A)  overextension. 
B)  underextension. 
C)  babbling. 
D)  pragmatics.

Question 20

Which idea is NOT used as evidence to support nativist views of language development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children acquire language very rapidly and with no direct instruction. 
B)  Nonhumans are unable to learn language. 
C)  Children are motivated to use language to communicate with others. 
D)  Groups of deaf children not exposed to language invented their own sign language. 
A)  Children acquire language very rapidly and with no direct instruction. 
B)  Nonhumans are unable to learn language. 
C)  Children are motivated to use language to communicate with others. 
D)  Groups of deaf children not exposed to language invented their own sign language.

What is intersubjectivity?

Six-month-old Liana, 9-month-old Joshua, and 11-month-old Sadie all live in English-speaking homes in English-speaking communities. Which statement is MOST likely to be true about their abilities to discriminate among sounds that are found in Mandarin Chinese but are not found in English?

Johnson and Newport's study of the English proficiency of Korean and Chinese immigrants in the United States demonstrated that knowledge of English grammar was associated with the

Which cue would a young child NOT be able to use when interpreting the meaning of a novel word used by an adult?

Two-year-old Shana is shown a novel object. The object is 6 inches wide, is made out of blue wire, and is in the shape of an octagon. An adult tells Shana, "This is a glub." Of these objects, which is Shana MOST likely to later believe is a glub?

Steffy is a baby who uses "baby signs." It can be expected that she

Which statement about infants' early word production is NOT true?

Which statement about infant-directed speech is NOT true?

A study by Baldwin in which an experimenter showed 18-month-olds two novel objects and then concealed them in containers demonstrated that children

The phenomenon that in any language, certain sounds are more likely to occur together than are others is referred to as

Research has demonstrated that viewing of infant educational videos by infants around the age of 12 months is

Which of these is NOT associated with IDS?

Toddler Arielle sees a baby being tickled by a boy and hears her mother say, "The boy is tickling the baby." Arielle, who has never heard anyone use the word "tickling," is MOST likely

Nate is 2 years old and is talking to his mother. Which statement is his mother MOST likely to correct?

Research examining groups of deaf children who had no exposure to formal spoken or signed languages has demonstrated that

The development of language involves several areas of development-phonological, semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic. Briefly explain what development in each of these areas entails.

Dual representation refers to the notion that a symbolic artifact must be represented as both

A broad interpretation of the meaning of a word is referred to as

Which idea is NOT used as evidence to support nativist views of language development?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 6: Development of Language and Symbol Use

What is intersubjectivity?

Six-month-old Liana, 9-month-old Joshua, and 11-month-old Sadie all live in English-speaking homes in English-speaking communities. Which statement is MOST likely to be true about their abilities to discriminate among sounds that are found in Mandarin Chinese but are not found in English?

Johnson and Newport's study of the English proficiency of Korean and Chinese immigrants in the United States demonstrated that knowledge of English grammar was associated with the

Which cue would a young child NOT be able to use when interpreting the meaning of a novel word used by an adult?

Two-year-old Shana is shown a novel object. The object is 6 inches wide, is made out of blue wire, and is in the shape of an octagon. An adult tells Shana, "This is a glub." Of these objects, which is Shana MOST likely to later believe is a glub?

Steffy is a baby who uses "baby signs." It can be expected that she

Which statement about infants' early word production is NOT true?

Which statement about infant-directed speech is NOT true?

A study by Baldwin in which an experimenter showed 18-month-olds two novel objects and then concealed them in containers demonstrated that children

The phenomenon that in any language, certain sounds are more likely to occur together than are others is referred to as

Research has demonstrated that viewing of infant educational videos by infants around the age of 12 months is

Which of these is NOT associated with IDS?

Toddler Arielle sees a baby being tickled by a boy and hears her mother say, "The boy is tickling the baby." Arielle, who has never heard anyone use the word "tickling," is MOST likely

Nate is 2 years old and is talking to his mother. Which statement is his mother MOST likely to correct?

Research examining groups of deaf children who had no exposure to formal spoken or signed languages has demonstrated that

The development of language involves several areas of development-phonological, semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic. Briefly explain what development in each of these areas entails.

Dual representation refers to the notion that a symbolic artifact must be represented as both

A broad interpretation of the meaning of a word is referred to as

Which idea is NOT used as evidence to support nativist views of language development?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters