Question 1

Professor Bryson is a researcher who asks children a series of predetermined questions about how much they like to play with their siblings. He is using

Accepted Answer

A)  naturalistic observation. 
B)  structured observation. 
C)  a clinical interview. 
D)  a structured interview. 
A)  naturalistic observation. 
B)  structured observation. 
C)  a clinical interview. 
D)  a structured interview.

Question 2

What is the biochemical process that reduces expression of a variety of genes and is involved in regulating reactions to stress?

Accepted Answer

A)  methylation 
B)  meta-analysis 
C)  genome 
D)  nurture 
A)  methylation 
B)  meta-analysis 
C)  genome 
D)  nurture

Question 3

Neurotransmitters can BEST be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  electrical impulses in the brain. 
B)  chemicals involved in communication between brain cells. 
C)  gene defects that produce schizophrenia. 
D)  what early philosophers theorized reflected children's core nature at birth. 
A)  electrical impulses in the brain. 
B)  chemicals involved in communication between brain cells. 
C)  gene defects that produce schizophrenia. 
D)  what early philosophers theorized reflected children's core nature at birth.

Question 4

A class of 3rd-grade children is split into two groups through random assignment. Group A is given training in a new game, and group B is not. Group A is referred to as the _____ group, and group B is referred to as the _____ group.

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent; independent 
B)  independent; dependent 
C)  control; experimental 
D)  experimental; control 
A)  dependent; independent 
B)  independent; dependent 
C)  control; experimental 
D)  experimental; control

Question 5

Research has determined that this brain area is involved in emotional reactions.

Accepted Answer

A)  amygdala 
B)  hippocampus 
C)  hypothalamus 
D)  pons 
A)  amygdala 
B)  hippocampus 
C)  hypothalamus 
D)  pons

Question 6

The extent to which two variables are related is referred to as their

Accepted Answer

A)  causal direction. 
B)  coefficient. 
C)  relativity. 
D)  correlation. 
A)  causal direction. 
B)  coefficient. 
C)  relativity. 
D)  correlation.

Question 7

The external validity of a measure involves the extent to which

Accepted Answer

A)  the effects of an experiment are truly due to conditions the researcher intended to manipulate. 
B)  different observers of the same behavior agree. 
C)  the results of a study will hold when studies are conducted with different participants and methods. 
D)  independent measurements of a given behavior are consistent. 
A)  the effects of an experiment are truly due to conditions the researcher intended to manipulate. 
B)  different observers of the same behavior agree. 
C)  the results of a study will hold when studies are conducted with different participants and methods. 
D)  independent measurements of a given behavior are consistent.

Question 8

A class of 3rd-grade children is split into two groups through random assignment. Group A is given training in a new game, and group B is not. Training in the new game is referred to as the _____ variable, and game-playing skill at the conclusion of the study is referred to as the _____ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent; independent 
B)  independent; dependent 
C)  control; experimental 
D)  experimental; control 
A)  dependent; independent 
B)  independent; dependent 
C)  control; experimental 
D)  experimental; control

Question 9

Explain how changes in sociocultural factors are demonstrated with childcare outside of the home in the United States.

Accepted Answer

General characteristics of society are a

Question 10

A researcher is interested in thoroughly exploring 8-year-old Jane's thoughts and feelings about living in poverty. The researcher's BEST option for obtaining this information would be

Accepted Answer

A)  a clinical interview. 
B)  a structured interview. 
C)  naturalistic observation. 
D)  structured observation. 
A)  a clinical interview. 
B)  a structured interview. 
C)  naturalistic observation. 
D)  structured observation.

Question 11

One study discussed in the text demonstrated that infants with a particular form of one of the genes influencing production of neurotransmitters associated with effortful attention had lower effortful attention than other infants when they also were exposed to poor parenting. What principle is demonstrated by this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Environment plays a crucial role in the expression of genes. 
B)  The expression of genes plays a crucial role in one's environment. 
C)  Some genetic influences operate regardless of environment. 
D)  Current research methods often do not allow researchers to separate the influences of genetics and environment. 
A)  Environment plays a crucial role in the expression of genes. 
B)  The expression of genes plays a crucial role in one's environment. 
C)  Some genetic influences operate regardless of environment. 
D)  Current research methods often do not allow researchers to separate the influences of genetics and environment.

Question 12

A researcher is interested in the impact of a new type of training diaper on the age at which toddlers become potty trained. The researcher plans to split a group of 100 toddlers into two groups-in one group, members will wear the new training diapers until they are potty trained, and in the other, members will wear their usual diapers. Answer these questions about this study: (1) What is the researcher's hypothesis? (2) How should the researcher split the 100 toddlers into two groups? (3) Which group is the experimental group, and which is the control group? (4) What is the independent variable? (5) What is the dependent variable? (6) What results will the researcher need to make a conclusion about the effectiveness of the new training diaper? (7) Will the researcher be able to conclude that there is a cause-and-effect association? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The hypothesis in this study would be th

Question 13

The text describes a study examining the link between sleeping with a nightlight in infancy and later developing nearsightedness. This study exhibited which type of problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  negative-correlation 
B)  third-variable 
C)  causal-relationship 
D)  direction-of-causation 
A)  negative-correlation 
B)  third-variable 
C)  causal-relationship 
D)  direction-of-causation

Question 14

The emergence of theories such as those of Piaget and Freud in the early twentieth century reflected the

Accepted Answer

A)  nature versus nurture aspect of development. 
B)  continuity versus discontinuity aspect of development. 
C)  way in which children shape their own development. 
D)  sociocultural context related to development. 
A)  nature versus nurture aspect of development. 
B)  continuity versus discontinuity aspect of development. 
C)  way in which children shape their own development. 
D)  sociocultural context related to development.

Question 15

Which item is a potential source of internal invalidity?

Accepted Answer

A)  passage of time 
B)  inconsistent findings across different groups of participants 
C)  observer disagreement 
D)  conflicting scores on multiple test days 
A)  passage of time 
B)  inconsistent findings across different groups of participants 
C)  observer disagreement 
D)  conflicting scores on multiple test days

Question 16

Research studies engaging in _____ designs often reveal that practices that are rare or nonexistent in one's own culture are common in other cultures.

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-sectional 
B)  longitudinal 
C)  cross-cultural 
D)  experimental 
A)  cross-sectional 
B)  longitudinal 
C)  cross-cultural 
D)  experimental

Question 17

The study that examined the lying behavior of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds utilized which type of design?

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-sectional 
B)  microgenetic 
C)  experimental 
D)  longitudinal 
A)  cross-sectional 
B)  microgenetic 
C)  experimental 
D)  longitudinal

Question 18

What do longitudinal designs do?

Accepted Answer

A)  study children on the verge of a developmental change in order to examine the processes that produce changes 
B)  compare groups of children who are of different ages on the same variable 
C)  follow the same children over a period of time 
D)  use random assignment 
A)  study children on the verge of a developmental change in order to examine the processes that produce changes 
B)  compare groups of children who are of different ages on the same variable 
C)  follow the same children over a period of time 
D)  use random assignment

Question 19

Which statement expresses a disadvantage of naturalistic observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Memory of participants for past events is often inaccurate and incomplete. 
B)  It can feel artificial to the participants. 
C)  Reports are often biased to reflect favorably on the participants. 
D)  It has a limited value for studying infrequent behaviors. 
A)  Memory of participants for past events is often inaccurate and incomplete. 
B)  It can feel artificial to the participants. 
C)  Reports are often biased to reflect favorably on the participants. 
D)  It has a limited value for studying infrequent behaviors.

Question 20

Which statement describes the results of research by Dweck on children's beliefs about intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children who believe that intelligence is a fixed entity are more likely than are other children to persist in the face of difficulty. 
B)  Children who believe that intelligence can be increased by learning are more likely than are other children to say they are dumb when faced with a challenge. 
C)  Children who believe that intelligence is a fixed entity are more likely than are other children to think that a very challenging problem is too hard for them. 
D)  Children who believe that intelligence can be decreased are more likely than are other children to quit trying at challenging tasks. 
A)  Children who believe that intelligence is a fixed entity are more likely than are other children to persist in the face of difficulty. 
B)  Children who believe that intelligence can be increased by learning are more likely than are other children to say they are dumb when faced with a challenge. 
C)  Children who believe that intelligence is a fixed entity are more likely than are other children to think that a very challenging problem is too hard for them. 
D)  Children who believe that intelligence can be decreased are more likely than are other children to quit trying at challenging tasks.

Professor Bryson is a researcher who asks children a series of predetermined questions about how much they like to play with their siblings. He is using

What is the biochemical process that reduces expression of a variety of genes and is involved in regulating reactions to stress?

Neurotransmitters can BEST be described as

A class of 3rd-grade children is split into two groups through random assignment. Group A is given training in a new game, and group B is not. Group A is referred to as the _ group, and group B is referred to as the _ group.

Research has determined that this brain area is involved in emotional reactions.

The extent to which two variables are related is referred to as their

The external validity of a measure involves the extent to which

A class of 3rd-grade children is split into two groups through random assignment. Group A is given training in a new game, and group B is not. Training in the new game is referred to as the _ variable, and game-playing skill at the conclusion of the study is referred to as the _ variable.

Explain how changes in sociocultural factors are demonstrated with childcare outside of the home in the United States.

A researcher is interested in thoroughly exploring 8-year-old Jane's thoughts and feelings about living in poverty. The researcher's BEST option for obtaining this information would be

The text describes a study examining the link between sleeping with a nightlight in infancy and later developing nearsightedness. This study exhibited which type of problem?

The emergence of theories such as those of Piaget and Freud in the early twentieth century reflected the

Which item is a potential source of internal invalidity?

Research studies engaging in _____ designs often reveal that practices that are rare or nonexistent in one's own culture are common in other cultures.

The study that examined the lying behavior of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds utilized which type of design?

What do longitudinal designs do?

Which statement expresses a disadvantage of naturalistic observation?

Which statement describes the results of research by Dweck on children's beliefs about intelligence?

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 1: An Introduction to Child Development

Professor Bryson is a researcher who asks children a series of predetermined questions about how much they like to play with their siblings. He is using

What is the biochemical process that reduces expression of a variety of genes and is involved in regulating reactions to stress?

Neurotransmitters can BEST be described as

A class of 3rd-grade children is split into two groups through random assignment. Group A is given training in a new game, and group B is not. Group A is referred to as the _____ group, and group B is referred to as the _____ group.

Research has determined that this brain area is involved in emotional reactions.

The extent to which two variables are related is referred to as their

The external validity of a measure involves the extent to which

A class of 3rd-grade children is split into two groups through random assignment. Group A is given training in a new game, and group B is not. Training in the new game is referred to as the _____ variable, and game-playing skill at the conclusion of the study is referred to as the _____ variable.

Explain how changes in sociocultural factors are demonstrated with childcare outside of the home in the United States.

A researcher is interested in thoroughly exploring 8-year-old Jane's thoughts and feelings about living in poverty. The researcher's BEST option for obtaining this information would be

The text describes a study examining the link between sleeping with a nightlight in infancy and later developing nearsightedness. This study exhibited which type of problem?

The emergence of theories such as those of Piaget and Freud in the early twentieth century reflected the

Which item is a potential source of internal invalidity?

Research studies engaging in _____ designs often reveal that practices that are rare or nonexistent in one's own culture are common in other cultures.

The study that examined the lying behavior of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds utilized which type of design?

What do longitudinal designs do?

Which statement expresses a disadvantage of naturalistic observation?

Which statement describes the results of research by Dweck on children's beliefs about intelligence?

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

A class of 3rd-grade children is split into two groups through random assignment. Group A is given training in a new game, and group B is not. Group A is referred to as the _ group, and group B is referred to as the _ group.

A class of 3rd-grade children is split into two groups through random assignment. Group A is given training in a new game, and group B is not. Training in the new game is referred to as the _ variable, and game-playing skill at the conclusion of the study is referred to as the _ variable.