Question 1

Who did NOT propose a stage theory related to child development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Piaget 
B)  Freud 
C)  Erikson 
D)  Darwin 
A)  Piaget 
B)  Freud 
C)  Erikson 
D)  Darwin

Question 2

Which child in the United States is MOST likely to live below the poverty line?

Accepted Answer

A)  Brice, who is White, non-Hispanic and whose parents are currently divorced 
B)  Tracey, who is Hispanic and whose parents have recently remarried 
C)  Suan, who is African American and lives in a single-mother household 
D)  Chris, who is White, non-Hispanic and lives in a single-mother household 
A)  Brice, who is White, non-Hispanic and whose parents are currently divorced 
B)  Tracey, who is Hispanic and whose parents have recently remarried 
C)  Suan, who is African American and lives in a single-mother household 
D)  Chris, who is White, non-Hispanic and lives in a single-mother household

Question 3

Which research design has a limitation regarding being used to study many variables of interest at the same time?

Accepted Answer

A)  correlational 
B)  experimental 
C)  cross-sectional 
D)  longitudinal 
A)  correlational 
B)  experimental 
C)  cross-sectional 
D)  longitudinal

Question 4

One of the earliest examples of research conducted for the benefit of children was

Accepted Answer

A)  Watson's experiments on the effects of reward and punishment. 
B)  the Earl of Shaftesbury's effort to reform child labor practices. 
C)  Freud's dream analysis. 
D)  Locke's advocacy of early discipline and later freedom. 
A)  Watson's experiments on the effects of reward and punishment. 
B)  the Earl of Shaftesbury's effort to reform child labor practices. 
C)  Freud's dream analysis. 
D)  Locke's advocacy of early discipline and later freedom.

Question 5

The accumulation of disadvantages over years of development is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  methylation. 
B)  genome. 
C)  effortful attention. 
D)  cumulative risk. 
A)  methylation. 
B)  genome. 
C)  effortful attention. 
D)  cumulative risk.

Question 6

Of Aristotle, Locke, and Plato, which philosopher(s) believed that all knowledge comes from experience, meaning that infants are born without innate knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A)  Locke only 
B)  Plato only 
C)  Aristotle and Locke only 
D)  Plato and Aristotle only 
A)  Locke only 
B)  Plato only 
C)  Aristotle and Locke only 
D)  Plato and Aristotle only

Question 7

A town committee learns that there is a strong negative correlation between the number of inches of daily rainfall and the number of children who use the neighborhood playgrounds each day. If the committee were to conclude that high rainfall is caused by children not using the playground, which type of problem would MOST likely be occurring?

Accepted Answer

A)  third-variable 
B)  direction-of-correlation 
C)  direction-of-causation 
D)  insufficient-knowledge 
A)  third-variable 
B)  direction-of-correlation 
C)  direction-of-causation 
D)  insufficient-knowledge

Question 8

Which statement BEST answers the question of whether development is fundamentally continuous or discontinuous?

Accepted Answer

A)  Development is fundamentally continuous. 
B)  Development is fundamentally discontinuous. 
C)  Some domains of development, such as cognitive development, are fundamentally discontinuous, whereas other domains, such as social development, are fundamentally continuous. 
D)  Whether development is fundamentally continuous or discontinuous depends on perspective-how development is examined as well as how often it is examined. 
A)  Development is fundamentally continuous. 
B)  Development is fundamentally discontinuous. 
C)  Some domains of development, such as cognitive development, are fundamentally discontinuous, whereas other domains, such as social development, are fundamentally continuous. 
D)  Whether development is fundamentally continuous or discontinuous depends on perspective-how development is examined as well as how often it is examined.

Question 9

Which factor is an example of how children shape their own development?

Accepted Answer

A)  play style 
B)  socioeconomic status 
C)  number of siblings 
D)  all of these 
A)  play style 
B)  socioeconomic status 
C)  number of siblings 
D)  all of these

Question 10

What was demonstrated by the study on toddlers' play behaviors in which the TV show Jeopardy! was being shown in the room while the children were playing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Toddlers' play behavior is unaffected by background exposure to TV. 
B)  Toddlers are likely to choose watching TV, rather than playing, even when the toys are interesting. 
C)  Background exposure to TV is disruptive to toddlers, even if they watch little of the show. 
D)  Toddlers are able to learn from TV if the items in the room are compatible with the content of the TV show. 
A)  Toddlers' play behavior is unaffected by background exposure to TV. 
B)  Toddlers are likely to choose watching TV, rather than playing, even when the toys are interesting. 
C)  Background exposure to TV is disruptive to toddlers, even if they watch little of the show. 
D)  Toddlers are able to learn from TV if the items in the room are compatible with the content of the TV show.

Question 11

Which of Scarr's factors is BEST related to the theme of the active child?

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic differences 
B)  different choices of environment 
C)  differences in treatment by parents and others 
D)  different reactions to similar experiences 
A)  genetic differences 
B)  different choices of environment 
C)  differences in treatment by parents and others 
D)  different reactions to similar experiences

Question 12

Test-retest reliability refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  level of agreement between different observers of the same behavior. 
B)  improvement of children over time in abilities such as mathematics. 
C)  degree to which a test measures what it is intended to test. 
D)  degree of similarity in the results of the same measure when it is given at two different times. 
A)  level of agreement between different observers of the same behavior. 
B)  improvement of children over time in abilities such as mathematics. 
C)  degree to which a test measures what it is intended to test. 
D)  degree of similarity in the results of the same measure when it is given at two different times.

Question 13

Who developed the baby biography?

Accepted Answer

A)  Darwin 
B)  Locke 
C)  Freud 
D)  Watson 
A)  Darwin 
B)  Locke 
C)  Freud 
D)  Watson

Question 14

Which scenario provides the BEST example of how children actively contribute to their own development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Joshua's bright blue eyes cause strangers to shower him with attention, which influences his wariness around strangers. 
B)  Analisa's mother's anxiety about her daughter's academic success causes Analisa to panic whenever she takes an exam. 
C)  Manny's quiet nature influences him to seek out other quiet children, with whom he plays quiet games, and to stay away from the more rambunctious children in his class. 
D)  Bree's parents are both highly educated and surround her with books and puzzles, leading Bree to be an intellectually curious child. 
A)  Joshua's bright blue eyes cause strangers to shower him with attention, which influences his wariness around strangers. 
B)  Analisa's mother's anxiety about her daughter's academic success causes Analisa to panic whenever she takes an exam. 
C)  Manny's quiet nature influences him to seek out other quiet children, with whom he plays quiet games, and to stay away from the more rambunctious children in his class. 
D)  Bree's parents are both highly educated and surround her with books and puzzles, leading Bree to be an intellectually curious child.

Question 15

When a child overcomes obstacles in development related to poverty or other negative experiences, he can be said to be _____, according to the text.

Accepted Answer

A)  resilient 
B)  strong 
C)  optimistic 
D)  full of GRIT 
A)  resilient 
B)  strong 
C)  optimistic 
D)  full of GRIT

Question 16

Longitudinal design would be appropriate to examine

Accepted Answer

A)  the typical pattern of age-related changes in a particular skill. 
B)  the pattern of stability and change in individual children's development in a particular area. 
C)  how change in a particular skill occurs. 
D)  all of these. 
A)  the typical pattern of age-related changes in a particular skill. 
B)  the pattern of stability and change in individual children's development in a particular area. 
C)  how change in a particular skill occurs. 
D)  all of these.

Question 17

The possibility that the correlation between two variables may actually be the result of an additional unspecified attribute is referred to as the _____ problem.

Accepted Answer

A)  insufficient-variable 
B)  third-variable 
C)  experimental-design 
D)  direction-of-causation 
A)  insufficient-variable 
B)  third-variable 
C)  experimental-design 
D)  direction-of-causation

Question 18

The study in which 6-year-old children were presented with a 5-day training program designed to improve effortful attention demonstrated that experience can

Accepted Answer

A)  improve intelligence test scores but not brain processes. 
B)  change brain processes but not intelligence test scores. 
C)  improve both intelligence test scores and brain processes. 
D)  change neither intelligence test scores nor brain processes. 
A)  improve intelligence test scores but not brain processes. 
B)  change brain processes but not intelligence test scores. 
C)  improve both intelligence test scores and brain processes. 
D)  change neither intelligence test scores nor brain processes.

Question 19

Which statement is NOT part of the logic of experimental designs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two or more groups of participants vary on one or more variables at the outset. 
B)  The participants within one group are given an experience that differs in only one way from the experience given to participants in the other group. 
C)  The participants in different groups behave differently after the experiences. 
D)  The different experiences are concluded to have caused the subsequent difference in behavior. 
A)  Two or more groups of participants vary on one or more variables at the outset. 
B)  The participants within one group are given an experience that differs in only one way from the experience given to participants in the other group. 
C)  The participants in different groups behave differently after the experiences. 
D)  The different experiences are concluded to have caused the subsequent difference in behavior.

Question 20

Describe one advantage and one disadvantage of each of these designs: (a) cross-sectional, (b) longitudinal, and (c) microgenetic.

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional: One advantage of this d

Who did NOT propose a stage theory related to child development?

Which child in the United States is MOST likely to live below the poverty line?

Which research design has a limitation regarding being used to study many variables of interest at the same time?

One of the earliest examples of research conducted for the benefit of children was

The accumulation of disadvantages over years of development is referred to as

Of Aristotle, Locke, and Plato, which philosopher(s) believed that all knowledge comes from experience, meaning that infants are born without innate knowledge?

Which statement BEST answers the question of whether development is fundamentally continuous or discontinuous?

Which factor is an example of how children shape their own development?

What was demonstrated by the study on toddlers' play behaviors in which the TV show Jeopardy! was being shown in the room while the children were playing?

Which of Scarr's factors is BEST related to the theme of the active child?

Test-retest reliability refers to the

Who developed the baby biography?

Which scenario provides the BEST example of how children actively contribute to their own development?

When a child overcomes obstacles in development related to poverty or other negative experiences, he can be said to be _____, according to the text.

Longitudinal design would be appropriate to examine

The possibility that the correlation between two variables may actually be the result of an additional unspecified attribute is referred to as the _____ problem.

The study in which 6-year-old children were presented with a 5-day training program designed to improve effortful attention demonstrated that experience can

Which statement is NOT part of the logic of experimental designs?

Describe one advantage and one disadvantage of each of these designs: (a) cross-sectional, (b) longitudinal, and (c) microgenetic.

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 1: An Introduction to Child Development

Who did NOT propose a stage theory related to child development?

Which child in the United States is MOST likely to live below the poverty line?

Which research design has a limitation regarding being used to study many variables of interest at the same time?

One of the earliest examples of research conducted for the benefit of children was

The accumulation of disadvantages over years of development is referred to as

Of Aristotle, Locke, and Plato, which philosopher(s) believed that all knowledge comes from experience, meaning that infants are born without innate knowledge?

Which statement BEST answers the question of whether development is fundamentally continuous or discontinuous?

Which factor is an example of how children shape their own development?

What was demonstrated by the study on toddlers' play behaviors in which the TV show Jeopardy! was being shown in the room while the children were playing?

Which of Scarr's factors is BEST related to the theme of the active child?

Test-retest reliability refers to the

Who developed the baby biography?

Which scenario provides the BEST example of how children actively contribute to their own development?

When a child overcomes obstacles in development related to poverty or other negative experiences, he can be said to be _____, according to the text.

Longitudinal design would be appropriate to examine

The possibility that the correlation between two variables may actually be the result of an additional unspecified attribute is referred to as the _____ problem.

The study in which 6-year-old children were presented with a 5-day training program designed to improve effortful attention demonstrated that experience can

Which statement is NOT part of the logic of experimental designs?

Describe one advantage and one disadvantage of each of these designs: (a) cross-sectional, (b) longitudinal, and (c) microgenetic.

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters