Question 1

What is the name of the process in which an ion or a molecule is surrounded by solvent molecules arranged in a specific manner?

Accepted Answer

solvation

Question 2

Safrole was once used as a flavoring in root beer, until it was banned in 1960. What is the vapor pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 0.75 mol of nonvolatile safrole in 950 g of ethanol (46.07 g/mol)? P°ethanol = 50.0 torr at 25°C.

Accepted Answer

A)  1.8 torr 
B)  11 torr 
C)  15 torr 
D)  40 torr 
E)  48 torr 
A)  1.8 torr 
B)  11 torr 
C)  15 torr 
D)  40 torr 
E)  48 torr E

Question 3

If a 100-mL sample of a volatile liquid such as diethyl ether is introduced into a 250-mL flask which is immediately sealed, the pressure inside will increase above atmospheric pressure. Explain.

Accepted Answer

The pressure inside the flask will initially be the same as atmospheric pressure, and the gas present will be air with some ether vapor. Initially, the gas above the liquid will not be saturated with ether vapor. More liquid will evaporate until equilibrium is reached, leading to an increase in pressure.

Question 4

A solution of chloroform, CHCl3, and acetone, (CH3)2CO, exhibits a negative deviation from Raoult's law. This result implies that

Accepted Answer

A)  chloroform-chloroform interactions are stronger than chloroform-acetone interactions. 
B)  chloroform-acetone interactions are weaker than chloroform-chloroform interactions. 
C)  acetone-acetone interactions are stronger than chloroform-acetone interactions. 
D)  acetone-acetone interactions are weaker than chloroform-acetone interactions. 
A)  chloroform-chloroform interactions are stronger than chloroform-acetone interactions. 
B)  chloroform-acetone interactions are weaker than chloroform-chloroform interactions. 
C)  acetone-acetone interactions are stronger than chloroform-acetone interactions. 
D)  acetone-acetone interactions are weaker than chloroform-acetone interactions.

Question 5

Which of these compounds is a weak electrolyte?

Accepted Answer

A)  HCl 
B)  NH3 
C)  C6H12O6 (glucose) 
D)  N2 
E)  KCl 
A)  HCl 
B)  NH3 
C)  C6H12O6 (glucose) 
D)  N2 
E)  KCl

Question 6

If a solute dissolves in an endothermic process

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen bonds must exist between solvent and solute. 
B)  strong ion-dipole forces must exist in the solution. 
C)  the solute must be a gas. 
D)  the entropy of the solution is immaterial. 
E)  the entropy of the solution must be greater than that of its pure components. 
A)  hydrogen bonds must exist between solvent and solute. 
B)  strong ion-dipole forces must exist in the solution. 
C)  the solute must be a gas. 
D)  the entropy of the solution is immaterial. 
E)  the entropy of the solution must be greater than that of its pure components.

Question 7

Sodium hydroxide is a common ingredient in drain cleaners such as Drano®. The mole fraction of sodium hydroxide in a saturated aqueous solution is 0.310. What is the molality of the solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.310 m 
B)  0.690 m 
C)  1.24 m 
D)  12.4 m 
E)  24.9 m 
A)  0.310 m 
B)  0.690 m 
C)  1.24 m 
D)  12.4 m 
E)  24.9 m

Question 8

________ is the term used for a water loving substance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is the term used for a...

Question 9

________ ________ is the percentage of dissolved molecules that separate into ions in solution.

Accepted Answer

Percent di

Question 10

Which of the following is not a colligative property?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vapor pressure lowering 
B)  Atmospheric pressure 
C)  Boiling point elevation 
D)  Osmotic pressure 
E)  Freezing point depression 
A)  Vapor pressure lowering 
B)  Atmospheric pressure 
C)  Boiling point elevation 
D)  Osmotic pressure 
E)  Freezing point depression

Question 11

Which of the following aqueous solutions should demonstrate the most ideal behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.1 M K2SO4 
B)  0.1 M CaCl2 
C)  3.0 M LiF 
D)  0.1 M MgSO4 
E)  0.1 M NaCl 
A)  0.1 M K2SO4 
B)  0.1 M CaCl2 
C)  3.0 M LiF 
D)  0.1 M MgSO4 
E)  0.1 M NaCl

Question 12

A hydrophilic colloid must generally be stabilized.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of these compounds is a nonelectrolyte?

Accepted Answer

A)  NaOH 
B)  HNO3 
C)  C2H6O (ethanol) 
D)  KF 
E)  CH3COOH (acetic acid) 
A)  NaOH 
B)  HNO3 
C)  C2H6O (ethanol) 
D)  KF 
E)  CH3COOH (acetic acid)

Question 14

What is the name of a solution that obeys Raoult's law?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ideal solution 
B)  Nonideal solution 
C)  Suspension 
D)  Solute 
E)  Solvent 
A)  Ideal solution 
B)  Nonideal solution 
C)  Suspension 
D)  Solute 
E)  Solvent

Question 15

What volume of concentrated (14.7 M) phosphoric acid is needed to prepare 25.0 L of 3.0 M H3PO4?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.20 L 
B)  0.57 L 
C)  1.8 L 
D)  3.6 L 
E)  5.1 L 
A)  0.20 L 
B)  0.57 L 
C)  1.8 L 
D)  3.6 L 
E)  5.1 L

Question 16

Which compound is the most soluble in water?

Accepted Answer

A)  CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH 
B)  CH3CH2CH2CH2OH 
C)  CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH 
D)  CH3CH2CH2OH 
E)  All of these compounds are equally soluble in water. 
A)  CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH 
B)  CH3CH2CH2CH2OH 
C)  CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH 
D)  CH3CH2CH2OH 
E)  All of these compounds are equally soluble in water.

Question 17

What is the molar mass of toluene if 0.85 g of toluene depresses the freezing point of 100. g of benzene by 0.47°C? (Kf of benzene is 5.12°C/m.)

Accepted Answer

A)  93 g/mol 
B)  78 g/mol 
C)  10.7 g/mol 
D)  82 g/mol 
E)  927 g/mol 
A)  93 g/mol 
B)  78 g/mol 
C)  10.7 g/mol 
D)  82 g/mol 
E)  927 g/mol

Question 18

Calculate the percent by mass of potassium nitrate in a solution made from 45.0 g KNO3 and 295 mL of water at 25ºC. At this temperature, the density of water is 0.997 g/mL.

Accepted Answer

A)  1.51% 
B)  7.57% 
C)  13.3% 
D)  15.2% 
E)  86.7% 
A)  1.51% 
B)  7.57% 
C)  13.3% 
D)  15.2% 
E)  86.7%

Question 19

Which of the following states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is proportional to the pressure of the gas over the solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Entropy 
B)  Henry's law 
C)  Dissolution 
D)  Vapor pressure 
E)  Enthalpy of solvation 
A)  Entropy 
B)  Henry's law 
C)  Dissolution 
D)  Vapor pressure 
E)  Enthalpy of solvation

Question 20

Which of the following sets of conditions could exist when two liquids which are completely miscible in one another are mixed?

Accepted Answer

A)  ΔHsoln > 0, entropy of system decreases 
B)  ΔHsoln ≈ 0, entropy of system decreases 
C)  ΔHsoln ≈ 0, entropy change of system ≈ 0 
D)  ΔHsoln ≈ 0, entropy of system increases 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  ΔHsoln > 0, entropy of system decreases 
B)  ΔHsoln ≈ 0, entropy of system decreases 
C)  ΔHsoln ≈ 0, entropy change of system ≈ 0 
D)  ΔHsoln ≈ 0, entropy of system increases 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Exam 13: Physical Properties of Solutions

What is the name of the process in which an ion or a molecule is surrounded by solvent molecules arranged in a specific manner?

Safrole was once used as a flavoring in root beer, until it was banned in 1960. What is the vapor pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 0.75 mol of nonvolatile safrole in 950 g of ethanol (46.07 g/mol)? P°ethanol = 50.0 torr at 25°C.

If a 100-mL sample of a volatile liquid such as diethyl ether is introduced into a 250-mL flask which is immediately sealed, the pressure inside will increase above atmospheric pressure. Explain.

A solution of chloroform, CHCl3, and acetone, (CH3)2CO, exhibits a negative deviation from Raoult's law. This result implies that

Which of these compounds is a weak electrolyte?

If a solute dissolves in an endothermic process

Sodium hydroxide is a common ingredient in drain cleaners such as Drano®. The mole fraction of sodium hydroxide in a saturated aqueous solution is 0.310. What is the molality of the solution?

________ is the term used for a water loving substance.

________ ________ is the percentage of dissolved molecules that separate into ions in solution.

Which of the following is not a colligative property?

Which of the following aqueous solutions should demonstrate the most ideal behavior?

A hydrophilic colloid must generally be stabilized.

Which of these compounds is a nonelectrolyte?

What is the name of a solution that obeys Raoult's law?

What volume of concentrated (14.7 M) phosphoric acid is needed to prepare 25.0 L of 3.0 M H3PO4?

Which compound is the most soluble in water?

What is the molar mass of toluene if 0.85 g of toluene depresses the freezing point of 100. g of benzene by 0.47°C? (Kf of benzene is 5.12°C/m.)

Calculate the percent by mass of potassium nitrate in a solution made from 45.0 g KNO3 and 295 mL of water at 25ºC. At this temperature, the density of water is 0.997 g/mL.

Which of the following states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is proportional to the pressure of the gas over the solution?

Which of the following sets of conditions could exist when two liquids which are completely miscible in one another are mixed?

Chemistry: the Central Science

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

Stoichiometry: Ratios of Combination

Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

Thermochemistry

Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms

Electron Configuration and the Periodic Table

Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts

Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories

Gases

Intermolecular Forces and the Physical Properties of Liquids and Solids

Modern Materials

Chemical Kinetics

Chemical Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

Acid-Base Equilibria and Solubility Equilibria

Entropy, Free Energy, and Equilibrium

Electrochemistry

Nuclear Chemistry

Environmental Chemistry

Coordination Chemistry

Metallurgy and the Chemistry of Metals

Nonmetallic Elements and Their Compounds

Organic Chemistry

Filters

Safrole was once used as a flavoring in root beer, until it was banned in 1960. What is the vapor pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 0.75 mol of nonvolatile safrole in 950 g of ethanol (46.07 g/mol)? P°_ethanol= 50.0 torr at 25°C.

A solution of chloroform, CHCl₃, and acetone, (CH₃)₂CO, exhibits a negative deviation from Raoult's law. This result implies that

Sodium hydroxide is a common ingredient in drain cleaners such as Drano^®. The mole fraction of sodium hydroxide in a saturated aqueous solution is 0.310. What is the molality of the solution?

is the percentage of dissolved molecules that separate into ions in solution.

What volume of concentrated (14.7 M) phosphoric acid is needed to prepare 25.0 L of 3.0 M H₃PO₄?

What is the molar mass of toluene if 0.85 g of toluene depresses the freezing point of 100. g of benzene by 0.47°C? (K_f of benzene is 5.12°C/m.)

Calculate the percent by mass of potassium nitrate in a solution made from 45.0 g KNO₃ and 295 mL of water at 25ºC. At this temperature, the density of water is 0.997 g/mL.