Question 1

During data analysis an experimenter must do each of the following, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  verify that groups are similar on variables that would provide alternate explanations. 
B)  establish that the manipulation was effective. 
C)  test the research hypothesis. 
D)  assess the likelihood of participants ending up in either the experimental or control condition. 
A)  verify that groups are similar on variables that would provide alternate explanations. 
B)  establish that the manipulation was effective. 
C)  test the research hypothesis. 
D)  assess the likelihood of participants ending up in either the experimental or control condition.

Question 2

A sensitive measure is one that:

Accepted Answer

A)  is more likely to detect a difference between the experimental and control groups. 
B)  participants are likely to be deceived by. 
C)  is less likely to detect a difference between the experimental and control groups. 
D)  mirrors conditions in the real world. 
A)  is more likely to detect a difference between the experimental and control groups. 
B)  participants are likely to be deceived by. 
C)  is less likely to detect a difference between the experimental and control groups. 
D)  mirrors conditions in the real world.

Question 3

A _____ hypothesis states that experimental and control groups are expected to be different, whereas a _____ hypothesis states which way groups are expected to vary.

Accepted Answer

A)  directional; nondirectional 
B)  directional; null 
C)  nondirectional; directional 
D)  nondirectional; null 
A)  directional; nondirectional 
B)  directional; null 
C)  nondirectional; directional 
D)  nondirectional; null

Question 4

As the number of participants tested at the same time during an experimental test session increases, the independence of a study:

Accepted Answer

A)  stays the same. 
B)  decreases. 
C)  increases. 
D)  varies unpredictably. 
A)  stays the same. 
B)  decreases. 
C)  increases. 
D)  varies unpredictably.

Question 5

Wanda is a dance teacher who wants to investigate whether room color affects students' memories of complex choreography. She teaches two identical classes, one in a blue room and one in a red room. In this study, the independent variable is _____, whereas the dependent variable is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  room color; memory of choreography 
B)  memory of choreography; room color 
C)  room color; type of dance class 
D)  type of dance class; memory of choreography 
A)  room color; memory of choreography 
B)  memory of choreography; room color 
C)  room color; type of dance class 
D)  type of dance class; memory of choreography

Question 6

The existence of covariation tells us:

Accepted Answer

A)  that one variable causes changes in another variable. 
B)  that two variables are associated with each other. 
C)  that two variables are not associated with each other. 
D)  that one variable is not responsible for changes in another variable. 
A)  that one variable causes changes in another variable. 
B)  that two variables are associated with each other. 
C)  that two variables are not associated with each other. 
D)  that one variable is not responsible for changes in another variable.

Question 7

In order to increase the generalizability of his results, Diego may want to try replicating his study using:

Accepted Answer

A)  a convenience sample. 
B)  more control. 
C)  additional extraneous variables. 
D)  a sample more representative of the population. 
A)  a convenience sample. 
B)  more control. 
C)  additional extraneous variables. 
D)  a sample more representative of the population.

Question 8

Which test statistic is NOT characteristic of an experimental result?

Accepted Answer

A)  effect size d 
B)  t value 
C)  p value 
D)  Pearson r 
A)  effect size d 
B)  t value 
C)  p value 
D)  Pearson r

Question 9

In a study examining the impact of wearing eyeglasses on the likelihood of being hired for a job, participants who are assigned to wear eyeglasses to their job interviews are in the _____ condition.

Accepted Answer

A)  control 
B)  experimental 
C)  null 
D)  independent 
A)  control 
B)  experimental 
C)  null 
D)  independent

Question 10

Unlike a correlation, the two-group experimental design allows researchers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  examine real life phenomena. 
B)  investigate naturally occurring relationships. 
C)  establish a cause-and-effect relationship. 
D)  study covariation. 
A)  examine real life phenomena. 
B)  investigate naturally occurring relationships. 
C)  establish a cause-and-effect relationship. 
D)  study covariation.

Question 11

(Scenario II) Regardless of their assigned treatment condition, all participants were told, "We are working on manufacturing a new backpack and are interested in your thoughts. Please put this backpack on and have a seat." By using this standard this script the researchers were enhancing:

Accepted Answer

A)  internal validity. 
B)  experimental realism. 
C)  experimental control. 
D)  mundane realism. 
A)  internal validity. 
B)  experimental realism. 
C)  experimental control. 
D)  mundane realism.

Question 12

A factor other than the intended treatment that may change the outcome variable is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  covariation. 
B)  an extraneous variable. 
C)  internal validity. 
D)  temporal precedence. 
A)  covariation. 
B)  an extraneous variable. 
C)  internal validity. 
D)  temporal precedence.

Question 13

Professor Montgomery is interested in testing the utility of a new teaching technique but is worried that individual differences between her students' levels of comprehension of the course material may affect her outcomes. How might she reduce this concern?

Accepted Answer

A)  Use random sampling. 
B)  Use random assignment. 
C)  Use another professor's students. 
D)  Examine only students who are already doing well in the class. 
A)  Use random sampling. 
B)  Use random assignment. 
C)  Use another professor's students. 
D)  Examine only students who are already doing well in the class.

Question 14

(Scenario II) During the experiment one participant in the heavy backpack condition mentioned he had not eaten all day and was starving. In contrast to the majority of the other participants in the heavy backpack condition, he opted for the high-calorie, nonhealthy snack when leaving the laboratory. According to your text what should a good researcher do in this case?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conduct a manipulation check. 
B)  Record this in their researcher notes. 
C)  Remove the participant from the study. 
D)  Reject the null hypothesis. 
A)  Conduct a manipulation check. 
B)  Record this in their researcher notes. 
C)  Remove the participant from the study. 
D)  Reject the null hypothesis.

Question 15

For which of the following would an independent samples t-test be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)  examining the performance difference between participants who took an SAT preparation class and participants who did not 
B)  investigating psychological adjustment following the loss of a loved one 
C)  a cognitive study examining the difference in three different types of memory aids 
D)  examining whether one's astrological sign predicts well-being 
A)  examining the performance difference between participants who took an SAT preparation class and participants who did not 
B)  investigating psychological adjustment following the loss of a loved one 
C)  a cognitive study examining the difference in three different types of memory aids 
D)  examining whether one's astrological sign predicts well-being

Question 16

For a researcher to have confidence in his/her results, the level of internal validity should:

Accepted Answer

A)  vary. 
B)  be high. 
C)  be low. 
D)  not matter. 
A)  vary. 
B)  be high. 
C)  be low. 
D)  not matter.

Question 17

When results of an experiment reveal a large effect size for the dependent variable, this tells you that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the difference between groups is statistically significant. 
B)  the magnitude of difference between groups reveals a practically significant finding. 
C)  there is a lack of independence between the independent and dependent variables. 
D)  the experiment has the required amount of mundane realism. 
A)  the difference between groups is statistically significant. 
B)  the magnitude of difference between groups reveals a practically significant finding. 
C)  there is a lack of independence between the independent and dependent variables. 
D)  the experiment has the required amount of mundane realism.

Question 18

Confederates can be used to increase:

Accepted Answer

A)  effect size. 
B)  independence. 
C)  experimental control. 
D)  covariation. 
A)  effect size. 
B)  independence. 
C)  experimental control. 
D)  covariation.

Question 19

To answer a research question, one must accomplish each of the following tasks, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  make sure groups are similar on variables that may provide alternate explanations. 
B)  determine that an experiment is the only appropriate way to examine the hypothesis. 
C)  test the hypothesis. 
D)  make sure the manipulation was effective. 
A)  make sure groups are similar on variables that may provide alternate explanations. 
B)  determine that an experiment is the only appropriate way to examine the hypothesis. 
C)  test the hypothesis. 
D)  make sure the manipulation was effective.

Question 20

Camila is interested in examining whether people who have more frequent access to pictures have better memory. Which of the following represents the null hypothesis for her study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Frequent access to pictures will lead to better memory. 
B)  Frequent access to pictures will lead to worse memory. 
C)  Frequent access to pictures will affect memory. 
D)  Frequent access to pictures will not affect memory. 
A)  Frequent access to pictures will lead to better memory. 
B)  Frequent access to pictures will lead to worse memory. 
C)  Frequent access to pictures will affect memory. 
D)  Frequent access to pictures will not affect memory.

During data analysis an experimenter must do each of the following, EXCEPT:

A sensitive measure is one that:

A _ hypothesis states that experimental and control groups are expected to be different, whereas a _ hypothesis states which way groups are expected to vary.

As the number of participants tested at the same time during an experimental test session increases, the independence of a study:

Wanda is a dance teacher who wants to investigate whether room color affects students' memories of complex choreography. She teaches two identical classes, one in a blue room and one in a red room. In this study, the independent variable is _, whereas the dependent variable is _.

The existence of covariation tells us:

In order to increase the generalizability of his results, Diego may want to try replicating his study using:

Which test statistic is NOT characteristic of an experimental result?

In a study examining the impact of wearing eyeglasses on the likelihood of being hired for a job, participants who are assigned to wear eyeglasses to their job interviews are in the _____ condition.

Unlike a correlation, the two-group experimental design allows researchers to:

(Scenario II) Regardless of their assigned treatment condition, all participants were told, "We are working on manufacturing a new backpack and are interested in your thoughts. Please put this backpack on and have a seat." By using this standard this script the researchers were enhancing:

A factor other than the intended treatment that may change the outcome variable is known as:

Professor Montgomery is interested in testing the utility of a new teaching technique but is worried that individual differences between her students' levels of comprehension of the course material may affect her outcomes. How might she reduce this concern?

For which of the following would an independent samples t-test be most appropriate?

For a researcher to have confidence in his/her results, the level of internal validity should:

When results of an experiment reveal a large effect size for the dependent variable, this tells you that:

Confederates can be used to increase:

To answer a research question, one must accomplish each of the following tasks, EXCEPT:

Camila is interested in examining whether people who have more frequent access to pictures have better memory. Which of the following represents the null hypothesis for her study?

Psychology As a Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions

The Psychologists Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs

Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

Observational Research: the Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

Multigroup Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

Within-Subjects Design: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

Factorial Design: I Lost My Phone Number, Can I Borrow Yours Do Pick-Up Lines Really Work

Mixed Design: Which Therapy Is Best for Treating Eating Disorders

Using Research in the Real World: How Do You Know If You Are Truly Helping

Filters

Exam 8: Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind

During data analysis an experimenter must do each of the following, EXCEPT:

A sensitive measure is one that:

A _____ hypothesis states that experimental and control groups are expected to be different, whereas a _____ hypothesis states which way groups are expected to vary.

As the number of participants tested at the same time during an experimental test session increases, the independence of a study:

Wanda is a dance teacher who wants to investigate whether room color affects students' memories of complex choreography. She teaches two identical classes, one in a blue room and one in a red room. In this study, the independent variable is _____, whereas the dependent variable is _____.

The existence of covariation tells us:

In order to increase the generalizability of his results, Diego may want to try replicating his study using:

Which test statistic is NOT characteristic of an experimental result?

In a study examining the impact of wearing eyeglasses on the likelihood of being hired for a job, participants who are assigned to wear eyeglasses to their job interviews are in the _____ condition.

Unlike a correlation, the two-group experimental design allows researchers to:

(Scenario II) Regardless of their assigned treatment condition, all participants were told, "We are working on manufacturing a new backpack and are interested in your thoughts. Please put this backpack on and have a seat." By using this standard this script the researchers were enhancing:

A factor other than the intended treatment that may change the outcome variable is known as:

Professor Montgomery is interested in testing the utility of a new teaching technique but is worried that individual differences between her students' levels of comprehension of the course material may affect her outcomes. How might she reduce this concern?

For which of the following would an independent samples t-test be most appropriate?

For a researcher to have confidence in his/her results, the level of internal validity should:

When results of an experiment reveal a large effect size for the dependent variable, this tells you that:

Confederates can be used to increase:

To answer a research question, one must accomplish each of the following tasks, EXCEPT:

Camila is interested in examining whether people who have more frequent access to pictures have better memory. Which of the following represents the null hypothesis for her study?

Psychology As a Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions

The Psychologists Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs

Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

Observational Research: the Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

Multigroup Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

Within-Subjects Design: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

Factorial Design: I Lost My Phone Number, Can I Borrow Yours Do Pick-Up Lines Really Work

Mixed Design: Which Therapy Is Best for Treating Eating Disorders

Using Research in the Real World: How Do You Know If You Are Truly Helping

Filters

A _ hypothesis states that experimental and control groups are expected to be different, whereas a _ hypothesis states which way groups are expected to vary.

Wanda is a dance teacher who wants to investigate whether room color affects students' memories of complex choreography. She teaches two identical classes, one in a blue room and one in a red room. In this study, the independent variable is _, whereas the dependent variable is _.