Question 1

Which of the following represents the largest effect size?

Accepted Answer

A)  d = .01 
B)  d = .05 
C)  d = .5 
D)  d = .8 
A)  d = .01 
B)  d = .05 
C)  d = .5 
D)  d = .8

Question 2

Priya was interested in investigating whether people who use credit cards spend more money than people who pay in cash. To examine this research question experimentally, she _____ the type of payment participants used and _____ money spent.

Accepted Answer

A)  manipulated; measured 
B)  quantified; manipulated 
C)  varied; manipulated 
D)  manipulated; varied 
A)  manipulated; measured 
B)  quantified; manipulated 
C)  varied; manipulated 
D)  manipulated; varied

Question 3

(Scenario I) "Self-awareness will not differ between those who receive the B&L model of therapy and those who receive the S&M model of therapy" is an example of a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental hypothesis. 
B)  control hypothesis. 
C)  null hypothesis. 
D)  research hypothesis. 
A)  experimental hypothesis. 
B)  control hypothesis. 
C)  null hypothesis. 
D)  research hypothesis.

Question 4

Internal validity is a characteristic of which type of study?

Accepted Answer

A)  observational studies 
B)  correlations 
C)  experiments 
D)  interviews 
A)  observational studies 
B)  correlations 
C)  experiments 
D)  interviews

Question 5

The experiment discussed at the beginning of the chapter identified both an experimental and control group in the examination of the effect of ignoring text messages on participants' levels of distraction during a given task. This experiment would be classified as a:

Accepted Answer

A)  one-group design. 
B)  two-group design. 
C)  three-group design. 
D)  four-group design. 
A)  one-group design. 
B)  two-group design. 
C)  three-group design. 
D)  four-group design.

Question 6

Failing to find a significant difference between the experimental and control groups on variables that were identified as extraneous or alternative in nature suggests:

Accepted Answer

A)  these variables are responsible for any observed group differences. 
B)  these variables are not responsible for any observed group differences. 
C)  the independent variable is responsible for any observed group differences. 
D)  the independent variable is not responsible for any observed group differences. 
A)  these variables are responsible for any observed group differences. 
B)  these variables are not responsible for any observed group differences. 
C)  the independent variable is responsible for any observed group differences. 
D)  the independent variable is not responsible for any observed group differences.

Question 7

Logan is studying for an upcoming psychology exam and is having difficulty understanding the differences between the experimental and control conditions of a given experiment. Logan should remember that participants in the experimental condition:

Accepted Answer

A)  also participate in the control condition. 
B)  are exposed to all of the same variables as the control condition with the addition of the experimental variable. 
C)  are not exposed to any of the control condition variables. 
D)  are exposed to a completely different set of variables than the control condition. 
A)  also participate in the control condition. 
B)  are exposed to all of the same variables as the control condition with the addition of the experimental variable. 
C)  are not exposed to any of the control condition variables. 
D)  are exposed to a completely different set of variables than the control condition.

Question 8

Professor Loman is interested in conducting a study examining the impact of class discussions on students' overall understanding of course concepts. In his experiment he uses a convenience sample of college-aged students. Ultimately, this is not a problem for the given study, because:

Accepted Answer

A)  all psychology studies use college-aged samples. 
B)  convenience samples measure nearly the entire population of interest. 
C)  the impact of class discussion on course comprehension is believed to be a universal phenomenon. 
D)  college students are the target population for this particular study. 
A)  all psychology studies use college-aged samples. 
B)  convenience samples measure nearly the entire population of interest. 
C)  the impact of class discussion on course comprehension is believed to be a universal phenomenon. 
D)  college students are the target population for this particular study.

Question 9

Laurin and Aisha are designing an experiment investigating depressive symptoms. In an effort to increase objectivity Laurin and Aisha use a _____ measure of depressive symptoms.

Accepted Answer

A)  true-false 
B)  multiple choice 
C)  short answer 
D)  essay 
A)  true-false 
B)  multiple choice 
C)  short answer 
D)  essay

Question 10

Temporal precedence is established by showing that changes in the suspected cause occur _____ changes in the outcome.

Accepted Answer

A)  before 
B)  at the same time as 
C)  after 
D)  regardless of 
A)  before 
B)  at the same time as 
C)  after 
D)  regardless of

Question 11

Researcher notes are:

Accepted Answer

A)  the magnitude of the difference observed between experimental and control groups. 
B)  a collection of comments that document any abnormalities that occurred during the study. 
C)  a record of the degree to which the research setting influenced participants' behavior. 
D)  the researcher's belief about how much the experiment resembles a real-world setting. 
A)  the magnitude of the difference observed between experimental and control groups. 
B)  a collection of comments that document any abnormalities that occurred during the study. 
C)  a record of the degree to which the research setting influenced participants' behavior. 
D)  the researcher's belief about how much the experiment resembles a real-world setting.

Question 12

When comparing correlational and experimental designs _____ is a factor more closely associated with experiments.

Accepted Answer

A)  random assignment 
B)  experimental control 
C)  internal validity 
D)  causation 
A)  random assignment 
B)  experimental control 
C)  internal validity 
D)  causation

Question 13

Gustave is testing whether participants are more likely to comply with a request from an individual wearing a uniform than from someone in more casual clothes. Which of the following questions would be an appropriate manipulation check or measure to help determine if the independent variable was appropriately administered for his study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Did someone ask you for a request? 
B)  What did the requester ask you to do? 
C)  How did you feel in response to the request? 
D)  What was the requester wearing? 
A)  Did someone ask you for a request? 
B)  What did the requester ask you to do? 
C)  How did you feel in response to the request? 
D)  What was the requester wearing?

Question 14

(Scenario III) In Scenario III the researchers included only those participants who were not regular caffeine drinkers. In doing do, the researchers:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased experimental control. 
B)  minimized caffeine tolerance as an extraneous variable. 
C)  increased the internal validity of the study. 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  increased experimental control. 
B)  minimized caffeine tolerance as an extraneous variable. 
C)  increased the internal validity of the study. 
D)  All of the above.

Question 15

Dr. Rice is presenting a lecture to his social psychology class and discusses an example from his own research. Dr. Rice noted that in a recent experimental study he conducted, internal validity was high due to _____ of experimental control was utilized for the study. The _____ experimental control a study has the greater internal validity it has.

Accepted Answer

A)  the high degree; more 
B)  little regulation; more 
C)  the lack; less 
D)  the non-applicability; less 
A)  the high degree; more 
B)  little regulation; more 
C)  the lack; less 
D)  the non-applicability; less

Question 16

For the study described in this chapter, the _____ examined whether trying to ignore a text message leads to distraction, whereas the _____ suggested that participants in the highly restricted cell phone use group will have worse test performance than those who are allowed to check their cell phones.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothesis; research question 
B)  hypothesis; theory 
C)  research question; hypothesis 
D)  research question; theory 
A)  hypothesis; research question 
B)  hypothesis; theory 
C)  research question; hypothesis 
D)  research question; theory

Question 17

Which of the following is an acceptable manner for randomly assigning participants to groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  allowing participants to self-select into condition 
B)  separating by gender 
C)  assigning by age 
D)  flipping a coin 
A)  allowing participants to self-select into condition 
B)  separating by gender 
C)  assigning by age 
D)  flipping a coin

Question 18

An experimenter conducts a study to examine whether caffeine improves performance on an IQ test. Which of the following represents what happens in the control condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participants drink a caffeinated beverage while testing. 
B)  Participants do not drink a caffeinated beverage while testing. 
C)  Participants are incentivized to do their best on the IQ test. 
D)  Participants are incentivized to do their worst on the IQ test. 
A)  Participants drink a caffeinated beverage while testing. 
B)  Participants do not drink a caffeinated beverage while testing. 
C)  Participants are incentivized to do their best on the IQ test. 
D)  Participants are incentivized to do their worst on the IQ test.

Question 19

You end up recruiting college students who were readily available, cheap, and easy to use as your participants. Your selection of participants represents a _____ sample.

Accepted Answer

A)  stratified 
B)  representative 
C)  convenience 
D)  random 
A)  stratified 
B)  representative 
C)  convenience 
D)  random

Question 20

(Scenario I) Based on the information provided in Scenario I, which of the following statements BEST describes the data shown in Figure 1?

Accepted Answer

A)  The B&L and S&M models of therapy are equal in their ability to increase self-awareness. 
B)  The B&L model of therapy was far superior than the S&M model in increasing self-awareness in patients. 
C)  The B&L model, but not the S&M model, improves self-awareness. 
D)  All of the above statements are equally good. 
A)  The B&L and S&M models of therapy are equal in their ability to increase self-awareness. 
B)  The B&L model of therapy was far superior than the S&M model in increasing self-awareness in patients. 
C)  The B&L model, but not the S&M model, improves self-awareness. 
D)  All of the above statements are equally good.

Which of the following represents the largest effect size?

Priya was interested in investigating whether people who use credit cards spend more money than people who pay in cash. To examine this research question experimentally, she _ the type of payment participants used and _ money spent.

(Scenario I) "Self-awareness will not differ between those who receive the B&L model of therapy and those who receive the S&M model of therapy" is an example of a(n):

Internal validity is a characteristic of which type of study?

The experiment discussed at the beginning of the chapter identified both an experimental and control group in the examination of the effect of ignoring text messages on participants' levels of distraction during a given task. This experiment would be classified as a:

Failing to find a significant difference between the experimental and control groups on variables that were identified as extraneous or alternative in nature suggests:

Logan is studying for an upcoming psychology exam and is having difficulty understanding the differences between the experimental and control conditions of a given experiment. Logan should remember that participants in the experimental condition:

Professor Loman is interested in conducting a study examining the impact of class discussions on students' overall understanding of course concepts. In his experiment he uses a convenience sample of college-aged students. Ultimately, this is not a problem for the given study, because:

Laurin and Aisha are designing an experiment investigating depressive symptoms. In an effort to increase objectivity Laurin and Aisha use a _____ measure of depressive symptoms.

Temporal precedence is established by showing that changes in the suspected cause occur _____ changes in the outcome.

Researcher notes are:

When comparing correlational and experimental designs _____ is a factor more closely associated with experiments.

(Scenario III) In Scenario III the researchers included only those participants who were not regular caffeine drinkers. In doing do, the researchers:

For the study described in this chapter, the _ examined whether trying to ignore a text message leads to distraction, whereas the _ suggested that participants in the highly restricted cell phone use group will have worse test performance than those who are allowed to check their cell phones.

Which of the following is an acceptable manner for randomly assigning participants to groups?

An experimenter conducts a study to examine whether caffeine improves performance on an IQ test. Which of the following represents what happens in the control condition?

You end up recruiting college students who were readily available, cheap, and easy to use as your participants. Your selection of participants represents a _____ sample.

(Scenario I) Based on the information provided in Scenario I, which of the following statements BEST describes the data shown in Figure 1?

Psychology As a Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions

The Psychologists Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs

Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

Observational Research: the Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

Multigroup Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

Within-Subjects Design: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

Factorial Design: I Lost My Phone Number, Can I Borrow Yours Do Pick-Up Lines Really Work

Mixed Design: Which Therapy Is Best for Treating Eating Disorders

Using Research in the Real World: How Do You Know If You Are Truly Helping

Filters

Exam 8: Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind

Which of the following represents the largest effect size?

Priya was interested in investigating whether people who use credit cards spend more money than people who pay in cash. To examine this research question experimentally, she _____ the type of payment participants used and _____ money spent.

(Scenario I) "Self-awareness will not differ between those who receive the B&L model of therapy and those who receive the S&M model of therapy" is an example of a(n):

Internal validity is a characteristic of which type of study?

The experiment discussed at the beginning of the chapter identified both an experimental and control group in the examination of the effect of ignoring text messages on participants' levels of distraction during a given task. This experiment would be classified as a:

Failing to find a significant difference between the experimental and control groups on variables that were identified as extraneous or alternative in nature suggests:

Logan is studying for an upcoming psychology exam and is having difficulty understanding the differences between the experimental and control conditions of a given experiment. Logan should remember that participants in the experimental condition:

Professor Loman is interested in conducting a study examining the impact of class discussions on students' overall understanding of course concepts. In his experiment he uses a convenience sample of college-aged students. Ultimately, this is not a problem for the given study, because:

Laurin and Aisha are designing an experiment investigating depressive symptoms. In an effort to increase objectivity Laurin and Aisha use a _____ measure of depressive symptoms.

Temporal precedence is established by showing that changes in the suspected cause occur _____ changes in the outcome.

Researcher notes are:

When comparing correlational and experimental designs _____ is a factor more closely associated with experiments.

(Scenario III) In Scenario III the researchers included only those participants who were not regular caffeine drinkers. In doing do, the researchers:

Which of the following is an acceptable manner for randomly assigning participants to groups?

An experimenter conducts a study to examine whether caffeine improves performance on an IQ test. Which of the following represents what happens in the control condition?

You end up recruiting college students who were readily available, cheap, and easy to use as your participants. Your selection of participants represents a _____ sample.

(Scenario I) Based on the information provided in Scenario I, which of the following statements BEST describes the data shown in Figure 1?

Psychology As a Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions

The Psychologists Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs

Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

Observational Research: the Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

Multigroup Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

Within-Subjects Design: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

Factorial Design: I Lost My Phone Number, Can I Borrow Yours Do Pick-Up Lines Really Work

Mixed Design: Which Therapy Is Best for Treating Eating Disorders

Using Research in the Real World: How Do You Know If You Are Truly Helping

Filters

Priya was interested in investigating whether people who use credit cards spend more money than people who pay in cash. To examine this research question experimentally, she _ the type of payment participants used and _ money spent.