Question 1

For which study design, without direct observation, should experimenters be most concerned about demand characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral measures 
B)  informant reports 
C)  archival data 
D)  self-report measures 
A)  behavioral measures 
B)  informant reports 
C)  archival data 
D)  self-report measures

Question 2

If a researcher hopes to draw conclusions about women, then all women in the world would be the:

Accepted Answer

A)  quota. 
B)  comparison group. 
C)  population. 
D)  sample. 
A)  quota. 
B)  comparison group. 
C)  population. 
D)  sample.

Question 3

(Scenario I) The researchers in Scenario I recruited participants by taking out an ad in the local newspaper. This method of obtaining participants is most accurately described as:

Accepted Answer

A)  simple random sampling. 
B)  probability sampling. 
C)  convenience sampling. 
D)  purposive sampling. 
A)  simple random sampling. 
B)  probability sampling. 
C)  convenience sampling. 
D)  purposive sampling.

Question 4

_____ is the extraneous influence that will cause the raw score to deviate from the true score.

Accepted Answer

A)  Validity 
B)  The floor effect 
C)  The ceiling effect 
D)  Error 
A)  Validity 
B)  The floor effect 
C)  The ceiling effect 
D)  Error

Question 5

The reason why response scales are generally limited to fewer than nine options is that anything:

Accepted Answer

A)  higher is difficult to statistically analyze. 
B)  higher is subject to a floor effect. 
C)  higher fails to provide adequate flexibility in responding. 
D)  higher creates meaningless distinctions. 
A)  higher is difficult to statistically analyze. 
B)  higher is subject to a floor effect. 
C)  higher fails to provide adequate flexibility in responding. 
D)  higher creates meaningless distinctions.

Question 6

Which of the following is most true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-report data are more accurate than behavioral data. 
B)  Behavioral data are more accurate than self-report data. 
C)  Measurements are not perfect regardless of whether they are self-report or behavioral. 
D)  Informant data are more accurate than self-report or behavioral data. 
A)  Self-report data are more accurate than behavioral data. 
B)  Behavioral data are more accurate than self-report data. 
C)  Measurements are not perfect regardless of whether they are self-report or behavioral. 
D)  Informant data are more accurate than self-report or behavioral data.

Question 7

Researchers may fail to use simple random sampling because:

Accepted Answer

A)  they would need access to the entire population. 
B)  it is a nonrandom sample, which limits the ability to draw conclusions from results. 
C)  it requires the creation of complex strata. 
D)  certain statistical analyses require more sophisticated sampling procedures. 
A)  they would need access to the entire population. 
B)  it is a nonrandom sample, which limits the ability to draw conclusions from results. 
C)  it requires the creation of complex strata. 
D)  certain statistical analyses require more sophisticated sampling procedures.

Question 8

Each of the following is a type of sampling, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  random sampling. 
B)  probability sampling. 
C)  convenience sampling. 
D)  true sampling. 
A)  random sampling. 
B)  probability sampling. 
C)  convenience sampling. 
D)  true sampling.

Question 9

How do research psychologists decide upon a study design?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is only one "right" design for psychological research studies. 
B)  They pick the design that provides the best test of the hypothesis under investigation. 
C)  Each person is trained to use a particular design based upon their graduate program. 
D)  They look to other psychologists to see what design is currently most popular. 
A)  There is only one "right" design for psychological research studies. 
B)  They pick the design that provides the best test of the hypothesis under investigation. 
C)  Each person is trained to use a particular design based upon their graduate program. 
D)  They look to other psychologists to see what design is currently most popular.

Question 10

_____ gives everyone in a given population an equal chance of selection, whereas _____ does not.

Accepted Answer

A)  Nonprobability sampling; probability sampling 
B)  Nonprobability sampling; bias sampling 
C)  Probability sampling; nonprobability sampling 
D)  Probability sampling; random sampling 
A)  Nonprobability sampling; probability sampling 
B)  Nonprobability sampling; bias sampling 
C)  Probability sampling; nonprobability sampling 
D)  Probability sampling; random sampling

Question 11

A representative sample is one that is:

Accepted Answer

A)  similar to the population on dimensions of interest. 
B)  similar to the population on all dimensions. 
C)  dissimilar to the population on dimensions of interest. 
D)  dissimilar to the population on all dimensions. 
A)  similar to the population on dimensions of interest. 
B)  similar to the population on all dimensions. 
C)  dissimilar to the population on dimensions of interest. 
D)  dissimilar to the population on all dimensions.

Question 12

Marko takes an IQ test at the beginning and end of his freshman year of college. If the test is known to be reliable, then:

Accepted Answer

A)  Marko should have similar scores both times he takes the test. 
B)  Marko's results will be accurate both times he takes the test. 
C)  the test has adequate sensitivity to assess intelligence. 
D)  the test is not vulnerable to random error. 
A)  Marko should have similar scores both times he takes the test. 
B)  Marko's results will be accurate both times he takes the test. 
C)  the test has adequate sensitivity to assess intelligence. 
D)  the test is not vulnerable to random error.

Question 13

Which of the following study variables would be best addressed using a self-report measure?

Accepted Answer

A)  degree of happiness 
B)  heart rate 
C)  respiration rate 
D)  reflexes 
A)  degree of happiness 
B)  heart rate 
C)  respiration rate 
D)  reflexes

Question 14

By _____ the potential bias in a sample, researchers can _____ their confidence in the generalizability of their research conclusions.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing; increase 
B)  decreasing; hold constant 
C)  increasing; increase 
D)  increasing; hold constant 
A)  decreasing; increase 
B)  decreasing; hold constant 
C)  increasing; increase 
D)  increasing; hold constant

Question 15

Raw score =

Accepted Answer

A)  true score + error 
B)  true score + reliability 
C)  validity + error 
D)  error + quota sampling 
A)  true score + error 
B)  true score + reliability 
C)  validity + error 
D)  error + quota sampling

Question 16

Which is the most appropriate number of response options for a self-report measure?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  5 
C)  50 
D)  100 
A)  1 
B)  5 
C)  50 
D)  100

Question 17

Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  A measure that has reliability must also have validity. 
B)  A measure can have validity without having reliability. 
C)  Measures either have reliability or validity, but not both. 
D)  A measure that has validity must also have reliability. 
A)  A measure that has reliability must also have validity. 
B)  A measure can have validity without having reliability. 
C)  Measures either have reliability or validity, but not both. 
D)  A measure that has validity must also have reliability.

Question 18

What is retrospective bias?

Accepted Answer

A)  when participants interpret past events in overly optimistic ways 
B)  when participants interpret past events in inaccurate ways 
C)  when participants interpret past events in overly negative ways 
D)  when participants interpret past events in highly accurate ways 
A)  when participants interpret past events in overly optimistic ways 
B)  when participants interpret past events in inaccurate ways 
C)  when participants interpret past events in overly negative ways 
D)  when participants interpret past events in highly accurate ways

Question 19

Colette is a private investigator hired by many families whose loved ones have disappeared. Colette typically tries to learn as much about the missing person as possible and after speaking with their loved ones typically examines the missing person's immediate environments (e.g., home, work, etc.). Colette is likely looking for which type of information during these searches?

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral observations 
B)  self-report 
C)  physiological data 
D)  behavioral traces 
A)  behavioral observations 
B)  self-report 
C)  physiological data 
D)  behavioral traces

Question 20

In a self-report measure, participants are:

Accepted Answer

A)  observed in order to make inferences about their behaviors. 
B)  asked directly about how they feel about a particular topic. 
C)  recorded so that their actions can be coded by experimenters. 
D)  asked to select close friends or family who can report on their thoughts and feelings. 
A)  observed in order to make inferences about their behaviors. 
B)  asked directly about how they feel about a particular topic. 
C)  recorded so that their actions can be coded by experimenters. 
D)  asked to select close friends or family who can report on their thoughts and feelings.

For which study design, without direct observation, should experimenters be most concerned about demand characteristics?

If a researcher hopes to draw conclusions about women, then all women in the world would be the:

(Scenario I) The researchers in Scenario I recruited participants by taking out an ad in the local newspaper. This method of obtaining participants is most accurately described as:

_____ is the extraneous influence that will cause the raw score to deviate from the true score.

The reason why response scales are generally limited to fewer than nine options is that anything:

Which of the following is most true?

Researchers may fail to use simple random sampling because:

Each of the following is a type of sampling, EXCEPT:

How do research psychologists decide upon a study design?

_ gives everyone in a given population an equal chance of selection, whereas _ does not.

A representative sample is one that is:

Marko takes an IQ test at the beginning and end of his freshman year of college. If the test is known to be reliable, then:

Which of the following study variables would be best addressed using a self-report measure?

By _ the potential bias in a sample, researchers can _ their confidence in the generalizability of their research conclusions.

Raw score =

Which is the most appropriate number of response options for a self-report measure?

Which of the following statements is correct?

What is retrospective bias?

In a self-report measure, participants are:

Psychology As a Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions

Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

Observational Research: the Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind

Multigroup Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

Within-Subjects Design: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

Factorial Design: I Lost My Phone Number, Can I Borrow Yours Do Pick-Up Lines Really Work

Mixed Design: Which Therapy Is Best for Treating Eating Disorders

Using Research in the Real World: How Do You Know If You Are Truly Helping

Filters

Exam 4: The Psychologists Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs

For which study design, without direct observation, should experimenters be most concerned about demand characteristics?

If a researcher hopes to draw conclusions about women, then all women in the world would be the:

(Scenario I) The researchers in Scenario I recruited participants by taking out an ad in the local newspaper. This method of obtaining participants is most accurately described as:

_____ is the extraneous influence that will cause the raw score to deviate from the true score.

The reason why response scales are generally limited to fewer than nine options is that anything:

Which of the following is most true?

Researchers may fail to use simple random sampling because:

Each of the following is a type of sampling, EXCEPT:

How do research psychologists decide upon a study design?

_____ gives everyone in a given population an equal chance of selection, whereas _____ does not.

A representative sample is one that is:

Marko takes an IQ test at the beginning and end of his freshman year of college. If the test is known to be reliable, then:

Which of the following study variables would be best addressed using a self-report measure?

By _____ the potential bias in a sample, researchers can _____ their confidence in the generalizability of their research conclusions.

Raw score =

Which is the most appropriate number of response options for a self-report measure?

Which of the following statements is correct?

What is retrospective bias?

In a self-report measure, participants are:

Psychology As a Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions

Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

Observational Research: the Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind

Multigroup Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

Within-Subjects Design: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

Factorial Design: I Lost My Phone Number, Can I Borrow Yours Do Pick-Up Lines Really Work

Mixed Design: Which Therapy Is Best for Treating Eating Disorders

Using Research in the Real World: How Do You Know If You Are Truly Helping

Filters

_ gives everyone in a given population an equal chance of selection, whereas _ does not.

By _ the potential bias in a sample, researchers can _ their confidence in the generalizability of their research conclusions.