Question 1

What is a quasi-experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A)  a research design where the researcher manipulates all of the dependent variables 
B)  a research design where the researcher manipulates all of the independent variables 
C)  a research design where random assignment cannot be used 
D)  a research design where the researcher treats variables as if they are dependent variables even though the variables cannot be manipulated 
A)  a research design where the researcher manipulates all of the dependent variables 
B)  a research design where the researcher manipulates all of the independent variables 
C)  a research design where random assignment cannot be used 
D)  a research design where the researcher treats variables as if they are dependent variables even though the variables cannot be manipulated

Question 2

Random error:

Accepted Answer

A)  can be eliminated. 
B)  is minimized in large datasets. 
C)  is minimal in small datasets. 
D)  does not need to be eliminated because it is not a point of concern for researchers. 
A)  can be eliminated. 
B)  is minimized in large datasets. 
C)  is minimal in small datasets. 
D)  does not need to be eliminated because it is not a point of concern for researchers.

Question 3

Which of the following minimizes participant reactivity?

Accepted Answer

A)  the use of questionnaires 
B)  answering in front of a group 
C)  unobtrusive measures 
D)  behavioral measures 
A)  the use of questionnaires 
B)  answering in front of a group 
C)  unobtrusive measures 
D)  behavioral measures

Question 4

Random error is:

Accepted Answer

A)  systematic. 
B)  organized. 
C)  unpredictable. 
D)  focused. 
A)  systematic. 
B)  organized. 
C)  unpredictable. 
D)  focused.

Question 5

Tristan is interested in understanding the study habits of college freshmen. He hypothesizes that males are more likely than females to procrastinate when stressed. For his study, Tristan assigns male and female participants to different stress conditions and measures their behavior. What type of study design is Tristan using?

Accepted Answer

A)  correlation 
B)  quasi-experimental design 
C)  interview 
D)  true experiment 
A)  correlation 
B)  quasi-experimental design 
C)  interview 
D)  true experiment

Question 6

Which of the following represents a societal example of systematic error?

Accepted Answer

A)  the national debt 
B)  the elevated divorce rate 
C)  the unpredictable nature of hurricanes 
D)  bias SAT scores against minorities 
A)  the national debt 
B)  the elevated divorce rate 
C)  the unpredictable nature of hurricanes 
D)  bias SAT scores against minorities

Question 7

Each of the following is an example of random error, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  environmental distraction. 
B)  experimenter recording error. 
C)  a clock set fifteen minutes fast. 
D)  participant misunderstanding. 
A)  environmental distraction. 
B)  experimenter recording error. 
C)  a clock set fifteen minutes fast. 
D)  participant misunderstanding.

Question 8

On which of the following topics would a researcher most want to use a self-report measure?

Accepted Answer

A)  heart rate 
B)  height 
C)  confidence 
D)  athleticism 
A)  heart rate 
B)  height 
C)  confidence 
D)  athleticism

Question 9

A behavioral measure is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a measure of participants' feelings during a research study. 
B)  an accounting of a participant's motivation given by a close other. 
C)  a measure of participants' actions in a research design. 
D)  what participants think they will do in a hypothetical situation. 
A)  a measure of participants' feelings during a research study. 
B)  an accounting of a participant's motivation given by a close other. 
C)  a measure of participants' actions in a research design. 
D)  what participants think they will do in a hypothetical situation.

Question 10

A behavioral choice is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a measure that relies on directly seeing behavior as it occurs. 
B)  a measure that relies on evidence left behind by a participant who is no longer present. 
C)  a measurement technique that directly asks participants how they think or feel. 
D)  a measure that requires participants to make a purposeful selection from several options. 
A)  a measure that relies on directly seeing behavior as it occurs. 
B)  a measure that relies on evidence left behind by a participant who is no longer present. 
C)  a measurement technique that directly asks participants how they think or feel. 
D)  a measure that requires participants to make a purposeful selection from several options.

Question 11

Research suggests that most individuals have an inability to accurately assess how others may perceive them and therefore demonstrate:

Accepted Answer

A)  "hindsight." 
B)  "snowballing." 
C)  "sensitivity." 
D)  "blind spots." 
A)  "hindsight." 
B)  "snowballing." 
C)  "sensitivity." 
D)  "blind spots."

Question 12

Observer bias is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the misinterpretation of an observation based on the participants' beliefs, experiences, or expectations. 
B)  the misinterpretation of an observation based on the researcher's beliefs, experiences, or expectations. 
C)  unpredictable influences that impact the true score. 
D)  an outside influence that affect the true score in a consistent way. 
A)  the misinterpretation of an observation based on the participants' beliefs, experiences, or expectations. 
B)  the misinterpretation of an observation based on the researcher's beliefs, experiences, or expectations. 
C)  unpredictable influences that impact the true score. 
D)  an outside influence that affect the true score in a consistent way.

Question 13

The ceiling effect is when most participants to select the _____ response, and the floor effect is when most participants to select the _____ response.

Accepted Answer

A)  lowest; lowest 
B)  lowest; highest 
C)  highest; lowest 
D)  highest; highest 
A)  lowest; lowest 
B)  lowest; highest 
C)  highest; lowest 
D)  highest; highest

Question 14

Lorenzo asks his participants whether they would like to solve anagram tasks alone or with a teammate. He is using:

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral trace. 
B)  behavioral observation. 
C)  physiological measures. 
D)  behavioral choice. 
A)  behavioral trace. 
B)  behavioral observation. 
C)  physiological measures. 
D)  behavioral choice.

Question 15

Given the tendency of participants to engage in the social desirability bias, behavioral observation should provide _____ responses than self-report measures, particularly on sensitive topics.

Accepted Answer

A)  less genuine 
B)  more genuine 
C)  less detailed 
D)  more detailed 
A)  less genuine 
B)  more genuine 
C)  less detailed 
D)  more detailed

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of probability sampling?

Accepted Answer

A)  quota sampling 
B)  convenience sampling 
C)  stratified random sampling 
D)  snowball sampling 
A)  quota sampling 
B)  convenience sampling 
C)  stratified random sampling 
D)  snowball sampling

Question 17

Kinsey and his colleagues conducted a radical study of sexual practices during the 1930s and 1940s and surveyed approximately _____ women about their sexual experiences and interests.

Accepted Answer

A)  1,000 
B)  4,000 
C)  6,000 
D)  8,000 
A)  1,000 
B)  4,000 
C)  6,000 
D)  8,000

Question 18

Caelen fondly remembers his senior prom as he recounts the details to his daughter many years later. However, Caelen does not mention the flooding rains or his date leaving early with the flu. Caelen's more positive recollection of that evening may be the result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  probability sampling. 
B)  retrospective bias. 
C)  demand characteristics. 
D)  scorer bias. 
A)  probability sampling. 
B)  retrospective bias. 
C)  demand characteristics. 
D)  scorer bias.

Question 19

Nonresponse bias _____ a researcher's confidence in his/her ability to generalize the results of a study to the targeted population.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases 
B)  decreases 
C)  has no effect on 
D)  eliminates 
A)  increases 
B)  decreases 
C)  has no effect on 
D)  eliminates

Question 20

Gael is interested in examining people's feelings toward the works of art in her new exhibition. In order to assess their feelings and opinions, she should use:

Accepted Answer

A)  an informant report. 
B)  a behavioral measure. 
C)  archival data. 
D)  a self-report measure. 
A)  an informant report. 
B)  a behavioral measure. 
C)  archival data. 
D)  a self-report measure.

What is a quasi-experimental design?

Random error:

Which of the following minimizes participant reactivity?

Random error is:

Which of the following represents a societal example of systematic error?

Each of the following is an example of random error, EXCEPT:

On which of the following topics would a researcher most want to use a self-report measure?

A behavioral measure is:

A behavioral choice is:

Research suggests that most individuals have an inability to accurately assess how others may perceive them and therefore demonstrate:

Observer bias is:

The ceiling effect is when most participants to select the _ response, and the floor effect is when most participants to select the _ response.

Lorenzo asks his participants whether they would like to solve anagram tasks alone or with a teammate. He is using:

Given the tendency of participants to engage in the social desirability bias, behavioral observation should provide _____ responses than self-report measures, particularly on sensitive topics.

Which of the following is an example of probability sampling?

Kinsey and his colleagues conducted a radical study of sexual practices during the 1930s and 1940s and surveyed approximately _____ women about their sexual experiences and interests.

Caelen fondly remembers his senior prom as he recounts the details to his daughter many years later. However, Caelen does not mention the flooding rains or his date leaving early with the flu. Caelen's more positive recollection of that evening may be the result of:

Nonresponse bias _____ a researcher's confidence in his/her ability to generalize the results of a study to the targeted population.

Gael is interested in examining people's feelings toward the works of art in her new exhibition. In order to assess their feelings and opinions, she should use:

Psychology As a Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions

Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

Observational Research: the Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind

Multigroup Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

Within-Subjects Design: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

Factorial Design: I Lost My Phone Number, Can I Borrow Yours Do Pick-Up Lines Really Work

Mixed Design: Which Therapy Is Best for Treating Eating Disorders

Using Research in the Real World: How Do You Know If You Are Truly Helping

Filters

Exam 4: The Psychologists Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs

What is a quasi-experimental design?

Random error:

Which of the following minimizes participant reactivity?

Random error is:

Which of the following represents a societal example of systematic error?

Each of the following is an example of random error, EXCEPT:

On which of the following topics would a researcher most want to use a self-report measure?

A behavioral measure is:

A behavioral choice is:

Research suggests that most individuals have an inability to accurately assess how others may perceive them and therefore demonstrate:

Observer bias is:

The ceiling effect is when most participants to select the _____ response, and the floor effect is when most participants to select the _____ response.

Lorenzo asks his participants whether they would like to solve anagram tasks alone or with a teammate. He is using:

Given the tendency of participants to engage in the social desirability bias, behavioral observation should provide _____ responses than self-report measures, particularly on sensitive topics.

Which of the following is an example of probability sampling?

Kinsey and his colleagues conducted a radical study of sexual practices during the 1930s and 1940s and surveyed approximately _____ women about their sexual experiences and interests.

Caelen fondly remembers his senior prom as he recounts the details to his daughter many years later. However, Caelen does not mention the flooding rains or his date leaving early with the flu. Caelen's more positive recollection of that evening may be the result of:

Nonresponse bias _____ a researcher's confidence in his/her ability to generalize the results of a study to the targeted population.

Gael is interested in examining people's feelings toward the works of art in her new exhibition. In order to assess their feelings and opinions, she should use:

Psychology As a Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions

Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

Observational Research: the Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind

Multigroup Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

Within-Subjects Design: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

Factorial Design: I Lost My Phone Number, Can I Borrow Yours Do Pick-Up Lines Really Work

Mixed Design: Which Therapy Is Best for Treating Eating Disorders

Using Research in the Real World: How Do You Know If You Are Truly Helping

Filters

The ceiling effect is when most participants to select the _ response, and the floor effect is when most participants to select the _ response.