Question 1

From the perspective of cognitive psychology, recognition memory tasks are easier than recall tasks because recognition tasks:

Accepted Answer

A) can be answered by using less working memory capacity. 
B) do not need to be learned in a meaningful fashion. 
C) provide more retrieval cues. 
D) can usually be answered by using skills that have been learned to automaticity. 
A) can be answered by using less working memory capacity. 
B) do not need to be learned in a meaningful fashion. 
C) provide more retrieval cues. 
D) can usually be answered by using skills that have been learned to automaticity.

Question 2

According to research into classroom practice, how long do teachers typically wait for a student response?

Accepted Answer

A) one second. 
B) as long as it takes. 
C) one minute. 
D) ten seconds. 
A) one second. 
B) as long as it takes. 
C) one minute. 
D) ten seconds.

Question 3

As human beings, we encounter a great many stimuli at any one time.Which one of the following most accurately reflects cognitive psychologists' perspective about how we respond to all these stimuli?

Accepted Answer

A) By learning to use effective long-term memory storage processes, we can eventually begin to remember almost everything we encounter. 
B) We must select the things we think are most important to learn and remember, and ignore the rest. 
C) We remember virtually everything we experience, but we have difficulty retrieving most of it. 
D) We cannot remember everything, and we have little control over the things that we do remember. 
A) By learning to use effective long-term memory storage processes, we can eventually begin to remember almost everything we encounter. 
B) We must select the things we think are most important to learn and remember, and ignore the rest. 
C) We remember virtually everything we experience, but we have difficulty retrieving most of it. 
D) We cannot remember everything, and we have little control over the things that we do remember.

Question 4

Cordell is trying to remember the various rocks he has been studying in his earth science class (granite, sandstone, limestone, obsidian, marble, etc.).He finally decides it would be easiest if he studied them as three groups: sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic.Considering research regarding this strategy, Cordell should:

Accepted Answer

A) have an easier time remembering them because he is organizing them. 
B) have a more difficult time remembering them because he must remember the three groupings as well as the rocks themselves. 
C) have an easier time remembering them only if he also looks at pictures of each kind of rock. 
D) have a more difficult time remembering them because he is only using rehearsal to learn them. 
A) have an easier time remembering them because he is organizing them. 
B) have a more difficult time remembering them because he must remember the three groupings as well as the rocks themselves. 
C) have an easier time remembering them only if he also looks at pictures of each kind of rock. 
D) have a more difficult time remembering them because he is only using rehearsal to learn them.

Question 5

Which one of the following statements best describes the three-component model of memory presented in the textbook?

Accepted Answer

A) All information that reaches the sensory register also reaches working memory, but only a small percentage of this information is stored in long-term memory. 
B) Information that must be remembered for a long time goes directly from the sensory register to long-term memory; less important information is stored in working memory. 
C) The three components of memory are used to store different kinds of information: visual images are stored in the sensory register, most numerical information is stored in working memory, and verbal information is stored in long-term memory. 
D) All information that enters long-term memory must first pass through the sensory register and working memory. 
A) All information that reaches the sensory register also reaches working memory, but only a small percentage of this information is stored in long-term memory. 
B) Information that must be remembered for a long time goes directly from the sensory register to long-term memory; less important information is stored in working memory. 
C) The three components of memory are used to store different kinds of information: visual images are stored in the sensory register, most numerical information is stored in working memory, and verbal information is stored in long-term memory. 
D) All information that enters long-term memory must first pass through the sensory register and working memory.

Question 6

Travis realizes that the year World War II ended-1945-is the same year that his father was born.Which one of the following processes is Travis most clearly demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

A) a mnemonic 
B) rehearsal 
C) meaningful learning 
D) imagery 
A) a mnemonic 
B) rehearsal 
C) meaningful learning 
D) imagery

Question 7

Tyler learns that Christopher Columbus's first voyage across the Atlantic was financed by Queen Isabella of Spain.He thinks to himself, "She probably thought she would make a profit on her investment." When he stops to consider the queen's motives, Tyler is demonstrating which one of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A) elaboration 
B) meaningful learning 
C) rehearsal 
D) organization 
A) elaboration 
B) meaningful learning 
C) rehearsal 
D) organization

Question 8

According to constructivists, why is it important for teachers to closely monitor students' understanding?

Accepted Answer

A) Students don't learn information exactly as you present it. 
B) So they can establish appropriate reinforcers. 
C) Some students are not motivated to learn 
D) To establish appropriate scaffolding. 
A) Students don't learn information exactly as you present it. 
B) So they can establish appropriate reinforcers. 
C) Some students are not motivated to learn 
D) To establish appropriate scaffolding.

Question 9

Three of the following are ways that prior knowledge contributes to learning.Which one is not?

Accepted Answer

A) it determines what is important to learn. 
B) it provides an organizational framework. 
C) it provides a mechanism for procedural knowledge. 
D) it promotes meaningful learning. 
A) it determines what is important to learn. 
B) it provides an organizational framework. 
C) it provides a mechanism for procedural knowledge. 
D) it promotes meaningful learning.

Question 10

The German word for "rabbit" is kaninchen.Develop two different mnemonics for remembering this vocabulary word, one using each of these two techniques:
a.verbal mediation
b.keyword method

Accepted Answer

Responses to the two parts of the questi

Question 11

What is the main difference between declarative and procedural knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A) intensity. 
B) flexibility. 
C) reversibility. 
D) frequency. 
A) intensity. 
B) flexibility. 
C) reversibility. 
D) frequency.

Question 12

Three of the following conditions are necessary for meaningful learning to occur.Which one of the following is not an essential condition for meaningful learning?

Accepted Answer

A) being emotionally involved with the information being studied 
B) intending to learn information in a meaningful fashion 
C) knowing something about the topic already 
D) being aware that prior knowledge is related to the topic being studied 
A) being emotionally involved with the information being studied 
B) intending to learn information in a meaningful fashion 
C) knowing something about the topic already 
D) being aware that prior knowledge is related to the topic being studied

Question 13

Three of the following statements accurately characterize rote learning.Which statement is not true of rote learning?

Accepted Answer

A) Few if any connections are made to existing knowledge. 
B) Information is learned in a relatively meaningless fashion. 
C) Repetition is the main strategy used during storage. 
D) Information is stored as one or more visual images. 
A) Few if any connections are made to existing knowledge. 
B) Information is learned in a relatively meaningless fashion. 
C) Repetition is the main strategy used during storage. 
D) Information is stored as one or more visual images.

Question 14

These four teachers claim to be practicing principles from cognitive psychology.Based on the following information, which one is not actually doing so?

Accepted Answer

A) Ms.Arnott, a high school biology teacher, draws a hierarchy on the board showing how mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, and amphibians are all vertebrates, and how vertebrates and invertebrates are both animals. 
B) Mr.Campbell, a fourth grade teacher, suggests that his students try to learn their spelling words by thinking about similarly spelled words that they already know. 
C) Ms.MacPherson, a third grade teacher, introduces her class to the topic of multiplication by showing them how it relates to addition. 
D) Mr.Sullivan, a junior high school soccer coach, asks his players to practice passing the ball to one another as they run down the field and then openly praises those players who are passing skillfully. 
A) Ms.Arnott, a high school biology teacher, draws a hierarchy on the board showing how mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, and amphibians are all vertebrates, and how vertebrates and invertebrates are both animals. 
B) Mr.Campbell, a fourth grade teacher, suggests that his students try to learn their spelling words by thinking about similarly spelled words that they already know. 
C) Ms.MacPherson, a third grade teacher, introduces her class to the topic of multiplication by showing them how it relates to addition. 
D) Mr.Sullivan, a junior high school soccer coach, asks his players to practice passing the ball to one another as they run down the field and then openly praises those players who are passing skillfully.

Question 15

To learn how to spell "rhinoceros," Paula repeats the letters of the word over and over again without really thinking about what she is saying.Considering research findings about the effectiveness of rehearsal, we can predict that Paula's strategy will be:

Accepted Answer

A) highly effective. 
B) effective only if she says the letters in a very loud voice. 
C) effective only if she says the letters slowly (e.g., at a rate of one letter per second). 
D) relatively ineffective. 
A) highly effective. 
B) effective only if she says the letters in a very loud voice. 
C) effective only if she says the letters slowly (e.g., at a rate of one letter per second). 
D) relatively ineffective.

Question 16

When we increase the wait time after teacher questions from one second to three seconds, we can expect students' answers to those questions to:

Accepted Answer

A) be more dependent on retrieval cues present in the immediate situation. 
B) be longer and more complex. 
C) reflect more automaticity in responding. 
D) reflect a decline in interest for the subject matter. 
A) be more dependent on retrieval cues present in the immediate situation. 
B) be longer and more complex. 
C) reflect more automaticity in responding. 
D) reflect a decline in interest for the subject matter.

Question 17

Only one of the following teaching practices is consistent with what we know about working memory.Which one?

Accepted Answer

A) Mr.Adams tells his students that, with practice, they will be able to do complicated long division problems in their heads. 
B) Ms.Borelli tells her students that they should try to focus on main ideas rather than try to remember every detail. 
C) Ms.Fisher suggests that students in her Russian class listen to Russian tapes while they sleep. 
D) Mr.Vandenberk urges his students to put information for tomorrow's test in their "short-term memories." 
A) Mr.Adams tells his students that, with practice, they will be able to do complicated long division problems in their heads. 
B) Ms.Borelli tells her students that they should try to focus on main ideas rather than try to remember every detail. 
C) Ms.Fisher suggests that students in her Russian class listen to Russian tapes while they sleep. 
D) Mr.Vandenberk urges his students to put information for tomorrow's test in their "short-term memories."

Question 18

Which one of the following examples best reflects the cocktail party phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A) Students become overwhelmed when too much is going on in the classroom at once. 
B) Students working in a small group can hear what one student is saying even though students in other groups are also talking. 
C) When a dog walks into the classroom, the students' attention is temporarily distracted from their independent seatwork assignment. 
D) Students pay more attention when they are enjoying themselves. 
A) Students become overwhelmed when too much is going on in the classroom at once. 
B) Students working in a small group can hear what one student is saying even though students in other groups are also talking. 
C) When a dog walks into the classroom, the students' attention is temporarily distracted from their independent seatwork assignment. 
D) Students pay more attention when they are enjoying themselves.

Question 19

Which of the following is not a recommendation for teachers when working with students who show gifts/talents?

Accepted Answer

A) include more in-depth activities. 
B) allow more processing time. 
C) create inter-disciplinary lessons. 
D) allow student choice. 
A) include more in-depth activities. 
B) allow more processing time. 
C) create inter-disciplinary lessons. 
D) allow student choice.

Question 20

To remember the three American states that come together at a single point (Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah), Marcia remembers "CANU" (pronounced like "canoe").Marcia's technique illustrates the use of:

Accepted Answer

A) the keyword method. 
B) a superimposed meaningful structure. 
C) visual imagery. 
D) verbal mediation. 
A) the keyword method. 
B) a superimposed meaningful structure. 
C) visual imagery. 
D) verbal mediation.

From the perspective of cognitive psychology, recognition memory tasks are easier than recall tasks because recognition tasks:

According to research into classroom practice, how long do teachers typically wait for a student response?

As human beings, we encounter a great many stimuli at any one time.Which one of the following most accurately reflects cognitive psychologists' perspective about how we respond to all these stimuli?

Which one of the following statements best describes the three-component model of memory presented in the textbook?

Travis realizes that the year World War II ended-1945-is the same year that his father was born.Which one of the following processes is Travis most clearly demonstrating?

According to constructivists, why is it important for teachers to closely monitor students' understanding?

Three of the following are ways that prior knowledge contributes to learning.Which one is not?

The German word for "rabbit" is kaninchen.Develop two different mnemonics for remembering this vocabulary word, one using each of these two techniques: a.verbal mediation b.keyword method

What is the main difference between declarative and procedural knowledge?

Three of the following conditions are necessary for meaningful learning to occur.Which one of the following is not an essential condition for meaningful learning?

Three of the following statements accurately characterize rote learning.Which statement is not true of rote learning?

These four teachers claim to be practicing principles from cognitive psychology.Based on the following information, which one is not actually doing so?

To learn how to spell "rhinoceros," Paula repeats the letters of the word over and over again without really thinking about what she is saying.Considering research findings about the effectiveness of rehearsal, we can predict that Paula's strategy will be:

When we increase the wait time after teacher questions from one second to three seconds, we can expect students' answers to those questions to:

Only one of the following teaching practices is consistent with what we know about working memory.Which one?

Which one of the following examples best reflects the cocktail party phenomenon?

Which of the following is not a recommendation for teachers when working with students who show gifts/talents?

To remember the three American states that come together at a single point (Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah), Marcia remembers "CANU" (pronounced like "canoe").Marcia's technique illustrates the use of:

Educational Psychology and Teacher Decision Making

Cognitive and Linguistic Development

Personal, Social, and Moral Development

Individual and Group Differences

Learning and Behaviour Processes

Knowledge Construction

Social Cognitive Views of Learning

Motivation, Affect, and Cognition

Instructional Strategies

Creating and Maintaining a Productive Classroom Environment

Instructional Assessment

Describing Relationships with Correlation Coefficients

Filters

Exam 6: Learning and Cognitive Processes

From the perspective of cognitive psychology, recognition memory tasks are easier than recall tasks because recognition tasks:

According to research into classroom practice, how long do teachers typically wait for a student response?

As human beings, we encounter a great many stimuli at any one time.Which one of the following most accurately reflects cognitive psychologists' perspective about how we respond to all these stimuli?

Which one of the following statements best describes the three-component model of memory presented in the textbook?

Travis realizes that the year World War II ended-1945-is the same year that his father was born.Which one of the following processes is Travis most clearly demonstrating?

According to constructivists, why is it important for teachers to closely monitor students' understanding?

Three of the following are ways that prior knowledge contributes to learning.Which one is not?

The German word for "rabbit" is kaninchen.Develop two different mnemonics for remembering this vocabulary word, one using each of these two techniques: a.verbal mediation b.keyword method

What is the main difference between declarative and procedural knowledge?

Three of the following conditions are necessary for meaningful learning to occur.Which one of the following is not an essential condition for meaningful learning?

Three of the following statements accurately characterize rote learning.Which statement is not true of rote learning?

These four teachers claim to be practicing principles from cognitive psychology.Based on the following information, which one is not actually doing so?

To learn how to spell "rhinoceros," Paula repeats the letters of the word over and over again without really thinking about what she is saying.Considering research findings about the effectiveness of rehearsal, we can predict that Paula's strategy will be:

When we increase the wait time after teacher questions from one second to three seconds, we can expect students' answers to those questions to:

Only one of the following teaching practices is consistent with what we know about working memory.Which one?

Which one of the following examples best reflects the cocktail party phenomenon?

Which of the following is not a recommendation for teachers when working with students who show gifts/talents?

To remember the three American states that come together at a single point (Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah), Marcia remembers "CANU" (pronounced like "canoe").Marcia's technique illustrates the use of:

Educational Psychology and Teacher Decision Making

Cognitive and Linguistic Development

Personal, Social, and Moral Development

Individual and Group Differences

Learning and Behaviour Processes

Knowledge Construction

Social Cognitive Views of Learning

Motivation, Affect, and Cognition

Instructional Strategies

Creating and Maintaining a Productive Classroom Environment

Instructional Assessment

Describing Relationships with Correlation Coefficients

Filters