Question 1

Which one of the following individuals is in Kohlberg's social contract stage of moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A) Jacques does what the teacher says because he knows he will be punished if he does not. 
B) Barbara obeys the teacher because she wants the teacher to think nice things about her. 
C) Clara obeys the teacher because she understands that the only way schools can run smoothly is if students behave appropriately. 
D) Rafael obeys the teacher because the rules say he must obey, and it is his duty to obey. 
A) Jacques does what the teacher says because he knows he will be punished if he does not. 
B) Barbara obeys the teacher because she wants the teacher to think nice things about her. 
C) Clara obeys the teacher because she understands that the only way schools can run smoothly is if students behave appropriately. 
D) Rafael obeys the teacher because the rules say he must obey, and it is his duty to obey.

Question 2

If we look at children's moral development from the perspective of Lawrence Kohlberg's stage theory, then we see which of the following trends?

Accepted Answer

A) Preschool children have little idea of what behaviours are likely to be punished.As they proceed through the school years, they show an increasing tendency to avoid punishment by behaving appropriately. 
B) In the late elementary years (fifth and sixth grade), we see a temporary reversal to the immoral behaviour of the preschool years. 
C) Children become increasingly more "religious" in how they define "right" and "wrong" (e.g., by defining "right" as obeying the Ten Commandments). 
D) Children become increasingly more likely to define "right" and "wrong" in terms of what behaviours will help society run smoothly. 
A) Preschool children have little idea of what behaviours are likely to be punished.As they proceed through the school years, they show an increasing tendency to avoid punishment by behaving appropriately. 
B) In the late elementary years (fifth and sixth grade), we see a temporary reversal to the immoral behaviour of the preschool years. 
C) Children become increasingly more "religious" in how they define "right" and "wrong" (e.g., by defining "right" as obeying the Ten Commandments). 
D) Children become increasingly more likely to define "right" and "wrong" in terms of what behaviours will help society run smoothly.

Question 3

The availability of comparison groups affects the development of self-esteem.In your opinion, how might daycare or preschool affect the development of self-esteem? What strategies could early childhood educators use to promote self-esteem among very young children? Make reference to Erikson's theory in your response.

Accepted Answer

Preschool students will likely be in the

Question 4

Which of Erikson's stages is hinged on having established one's identity?

Accepted Answer

A) industry vs.inferiority 
B) identity vs.role confusion 
C) intimacy vs.isolation 
D) generativity vs.stagnation 
A) industry vs.inferiority 
B) identity vs.role confusion 
C) intimacy vs.isolation 
D) generativity vs.stagnation

Question 5

Which one of the following best illustrates a sense of identity?

Accepted Answer

A) Jimmy takes pride in his First Nation heritage. 
B) Shea knows she could be a better dancer if she practiced more often. 
C) Drew wonders whether she should be a doctor or a lawyer. Noah feels confident that he will make new friends when he moves to a new
School district next year. 
A) Jimmy takes pride in his First Nation heritage. 
B) Shea knows she could be a better dancer if she practiced more often. 
C) Drew wonders whether she should be a doctor or a lawyer. Noah feels confident that he will make new friends when he moves to a new
School district next year.

Question 6

At a parent/teacher meeting at your school, several parents complain about the moral decline of today's youth and argue that the school should be giving regular lectures about the importance of honesty, loyalty, generosity, and so on.If the teachers and school administrators are up to date on research regarding moral development, they should respond by saying that such lectures:

Accepted Answer

A) can only be effective if parents urge their children to take the lectures seriously. 
B) would do little if anything to promote moral behaviour. 
C) are likely to be effective for junior high and high school students but not for elementary school students. 
D) are likely to be effective for elementary school students but not for junior high and high school students. 
A) can only be effective if parents urge their children to take the lectures seriously. 
B) would do little if anything to promote moral behaviour. 
C) are likely to be effective for junior high and high school students but not for elementary school students. 
D) are likely to be effective for elementary school students but not for junior high and high school students.

Question 7

Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development is a:

Accepted Answer

A) series of stages, each of which has a unique developmental task to be dealt with. 
B) process of growing increasingly self-confident through the years as one's competence improves. 
C) series of stages in which people develop increasingly more sophisticated social skills. 
D) progression of increasingly more abstract understandings of social situations. 
A) series of stages, each of which has a unique developmental task to be dealt with. 
B) process of growing increasingly self-confident through the years as one's competence improves. 
C) series of stages in which people develop increasingly more sophisticated social skills. 
D) progression of increasingly more abstract understandings of social situations.

Question 8

What is the best possible explanation for the inflated self-esteem of many preschool and elementary school aged children?

Accepted Answer

A) young children don't receive enough negative feedback from parents 
B) television programs promote a collaborative approach 
C) teachers do not provide their young students with challenging tasks 
D) fewer opportunities for social comparison in the early years 
A) young children don't receive enough negative feedback from parents 
B) television programs promote a collaborative approach 
C) teachers do not provide their young students with challenging tasks 
D) fewer opportunities for social comparison in the early years

Question 9

Which student has probably come from a home in which his or her parents exhibit an authoritative parenting style?

Accepted Answer

A) Rhoda is anxious and unhappy. 
B) Francine is impulsive and disobedient. 
C) Zina is well-behaved and self-confident. 
D) Patrick is selfish and unmotivated. 
A) Rhoda is anxious and unhappy. 
B) Francine is impulsive and disobedient. 
C) Zina is well-behaved and self-confident. 
D) Patrick is selfish and unmotivated.

Question 10

Lawrence Kohlberg studied the moral development of children by:

Accepted Answer

A) asking them to imagine being in another person's situation. 
B) asking them to respond to situations with no obvious right or wrong answers. 
C) observing how they acted in real-life situations calling for moral behaviour. 
D) comparing their moral beliefs with their moral behaviour. 
A) asking them to imagine being in another person's situation. 
B) asking them to respond to situations with no obvious right or wrong answers. 
C) observing how they acted in real-life situations calling for moral behaviour. 
D) comparing their moral beliefs with their moral behaviour.

Question 11

The parents of students in your fifth-grade class want you to include moral issues in your classroom curriculum.A few who have read Kohlberg's theory of moral development want you to help the students progress to postconventional moral reasoning.You should reply by pointing out that:

Accepted Answer

A) there is nothing you can do to promote moral development before students reach adolescence. 
B) this is a good idea because postconventional reasoning will promote abstract thought. 
C) research studies indicate that most students have already reached the postconventional level by fifth grade. 
D) postconventional reasoning is an unrealistic goal for fifth graders. 
A) there is nothing you can do to promote moral development before students reach adolescence. 
B) this is a good idea because postconventional reasoning will promote abstract thought. 
C) research studies indicate that most students have already reached the postconventional level by fifth grade. 
D) postconventional reasoning is an unrealistic goal for fifth graders.

Question 12

Three of the following are accurate statements about the shortcomings of Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning.Which one is inaccurate?

Accepted Answer

A) Most elementary school children distinguish between two kinds of "wrong" behaviours-those that are morally wrong and those that violate cultural standards. 
B) The same person may reason at different levels depending on the situation. 
C) Children may show conventional thinking for several years and then revert back to preconventional thinking when they reach adolescence. 
D) Young children are not as influenced by consequences and the dictates of authority figures as Kohlberg suggested. 
A) Most elementary school children distinguish between two kinds of "wrong" behaviours-those that are morally wrong and those that violate cultural standards. 
B) The same person may reason at different levels depending on the situation. 
C) Children may show conventional thinking for several years and then revert back to preconventional thinking when they reach adolescence. 
D) Young children are not as influenced by consequences and the dictates of authority figures as Kohlberg suggested.

Question 13

Which one of the following most accurately reflects how research links moral behaviour and moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A) Connie reasons at a Stage 1 level, but she behaves at Stage 4 when she is taught Stage 4 behaviour. 
B) Ian behaves at Stage 2 when under stress, although he is capable of reasoning at Stage 3. 
C) Louise reasons at Stage 5, but usually behaves at Stage 1 or 2. 
D) Ross reasons at a postconventional level, but his behaviour shows no morals at all. 
A) Connie reasons at a Stage 1 level, but she behaves at Stage 4 when she is taught Stage 4 behaviour. 
B) Ian behaves at Stage 2 when under stress, although he is capable of reasoning at Stage 3. 
C) Louise reasons at Stage 5, but usually behaves at Stage 1 or 2. 
D) Ross reasons at a postconventional level, but his behaviour shows no morals at all.

Question 14

Which one of the following illustrates developmental theorists' notion of the personal fable?

Accepted Answer

A) Olivia becomes very popular with her peers when she makes up a story that she is from another country and has royal blood in her family. 
B) Wenda has trouble getting along with teachers because she believes herself to be especially vulnerable to illness and injury. 
C) Zach feels he is just like everyone else-a nobody-so he is not very popular. 
D) Cameron feels he is invincible, immortal, and immune to the problems others face. 
A) Olivia becomes very popular with her peers when she makes up a story that she is from another country and has royal blood in her family. 
B) Wenda has trouble getting along with teachers because she believes herself to be especially vulnerable to illness and injury. 
C) Zach feels he is just like everyone else-a nobody-so he is not very popular. 
D) Cameron feels he is invincible, immortal, and immune to the problems others face.

Question 15

Which of the following is not part of the authors' recommendations for teachers regarding the support of student self-concepts?

Accepted Answer

A) be specific about the praise that you give 
B) ask students about how their self-concept is supported at home 
C) seek student input about classroom decisions 
D) catch students in the act of doing something well 
A) be specific about the praise that you give 
B) ask students about how their self-concept is supported at home 
C) seek student input about classroom decisions 
D) catch students in the act of doing something well

Question 16

Which of the following is not an example of the behaviours that teachers expect and encourage?

Accepted Answer

A) obeying rules at home 
B) delaying gratification 
C) following instructions 
D) showing respect for authority 
A) obeying rules at home 
B) delaying gratification 
C) following instructions 
D) showing respect for authority

Question 17

Which one of the following statements reflects Kohlberg's preconventional moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A) "It's okay to cheat on this exam because the teacher isn't watching me." 
B) "It isn't fair to the students who studied hard if I cheat." 
C) "Cheating is against school rules, so I shouldn't do it." 
D) "The most popular boy in school cheats all the time, so I guess I can too." 
A) "It's okay to cheat on this exam because the teacher isn't watching me." 
B) "It isn't fair to the students who studied hard if I cheat." 
C) "Cheating is against school rules, so I shouldn't do it." 
D) "The most popular boy in school cheats all the time, so I guess I can too."

Question 18

Which one of these examples best reflects the role that self-concept typically plays in achievement and school behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A) Jaime thinks of herself as physically fit, so she does not think she needs to participate in sports or other physical activities. 
B) Sheri does not want to take any more math classes because she knows she is already good at math. 
C) Nettie does not think she is very popular, so she smiles at others and tries to talk to them so they will like her. 
D) Deborah knows she is a good reader, so she takes an extra reading class as an elective. 
A) Jaime thinks of herself as physically fit, so she does not think she needs to participate in sports or other physical activities. 
B) Sheri does not want to take any more math classes because she knows she is already good at math. 
C) Nettie does not think she is very popular, so she smiles at others and tries to talk to them so they will like her. 
D) Deborah knows she is a good reader, so she takes an extra reading class as an elective.

Question 19

According to developmentalists, what component of morality to both Kohlberg and Gilligan's theories ignore?

Accepted Answer

A) affective. 
B) cognitive. 
C) behavioural. 
D) neurological. 
A) affective. 
B) cognitive. 
C) behavioural. 
D) neurological.

Question 20

Which one of the following examples illustrates how the imaginary audience can be a factor in the adolescent's developing self-concept?

Accepted Answer

A) Annette talks to an imaginary friend when she is having problems and feels she has no one else to turn to. 
B) Ingrid feels as if everyone must be looking at her when she walks down the hall with her friends. 
C) Shannon feels detached, as if she has no life of her own but is only watching everyone else live their lives. 
D) Suzanne feels self-conscious when she has to get up in front of her class and give a speech from memory. 
A) Annette talks to an imaginary friend when she is having problems and feels she has no one else to turn to. 
B) Ingrid feels as if everyone must be looking at her when she walks down the hall with her friends. 
C) Shannon feels detached, as if she has no life of her own but is only watching everyone else live their lives. 
D) Suzanne feels self-conscious when she has to get up in front of her class and give a speech from memory.

Which one of the following individuals is in Kohlberg's social contract stage of moral reasoning?

If we look at children's moral development from the perspective of Lawrence Kohlberg's stage theory, then we see which of the following trends?

Which of Erikson's stages is hinged on having established one's identity?

Which one of the following best illustrates a sense of identity?

Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development is a:

What is the best possible explanation for the inflated self-esteem of many preschool and elementary school aged children?

Which student has probably come from a home in which his or her parents exhibit an authoritative parenting style?

Lawrence Kohlberg studied the moral development of children by:

The parents of students in your fifth-grade class want you to include moral issues in your classroom curriculum.A few who have read Kohlberg's theory of moral development want you to help the students progress to postconventional moral reasoning.You should reply by pointing out that:

Three of the following are accurate statements about the shortcomings of Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning.Which one is inaccurate?

Which one of the following most accurately reflects how research links moral behaviour and moral reasoning?

Which one of the following illustrates developmental theorists' notion of the personal fable?

Which of the following is not part of the authors' recommendations for teachers regarding the support of student self-concepts?

Which of the following is not an example of the behaviours that teachers expect and encourage?

Which one of the following statements reflects Kohlberg's preconventional moral reasoning?

Which one of these examples best reflects the role that self-concept typically plays in achievement and school behaviour?

According to developmentalists, what component of morality to both Kohlberg and Gilligan's theories ignore?

Which one of the following examples illustrates how the imaginary audience can be a factor in the adolescent's developing self-concept?

Educational Psychology and Teacher Decision Making

Cognitive and Linguistic Development

Individual and Group Differences

Learning and Behaviour Processes

Learning and Cognitive Processes

Knowledge Construction

Social Cognitive Views of Learning

Motivation, Affect, and Cognition

Instructional Strategies

Creating and Maintaining a Productive Classroom Environment

Instructional Assessment

Describing Relationships with Correlation Coefficients

Filters

Exam 3: Personal, Social, and Moral Development

Which one of the following individuals is in Kohlberg's social contract stage of moral reasoning?

If we look at children's moral development from the perspective of Lawrence Kohlberg's stage theory, then we see which of the following trends?

Which of Erikson's stages is hinged on having established one's identity?

Which one of the following best illustrates a sense of identity?

Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development is a:

What is the best possible explanation for the inflated self-esteem of many preschool and elementary school aged children?

Which student has probably come from a home in which his or her parents exhibit an authoritative parenting style?

Lawrence Kohlberg studied the moral development of children by:

The parents of students in your fifth-grade class want you to include moral issues in your classroom curriculum.A few who have read Kohlberg's theory of moral development want you to help the students progress to postconventional moral reasoning.You should reply by pointing out that:

Three of the following are accurate statements about the shortcomings of Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning.Which one is inaccurate?

Which one of the following most accurately reflects how research links moral behaviour and moral reasoning?

Which one of the following illustrates developmental theorists' notion of the personal fable?

Which of the following is not part of the authors' recommendations for teachers regarding the support of student self-concepts?

Which of the following is not an example of the behaviours that teachers expect and encourage?

Which one of the following statements reflects Kohlberg's preconventional moral reasoning?

Which one of these examples best reflects the role that self-concept typically plays in achievement and school behaviour?

According to developmentalists, what component of morality to both Kohlberg and Gilligan's theories ignore?

Which one of the following examples illustrates how the imaginary audience can be a factor in the adolescent's developing self-concept?

Educational Psychology and Teacher Decision Making

Cognitive and Linguistic Development

Individual and Group Differences

Learning and Behaviour Processes

Learning and Cognitive Processes

Knowledge Construction

Social Cognitive Views of Learning

Motivation, Affect, and Cognition

Instructional Strategies

Creating and Maintaining a Productive Classroom Environment

Instructional Assessment

Describing Relationships with Correlation Coefficients

Filters