Exam 12: Development Over the Lifespan

Ryan's family has a beagle, so when he sees any small, four-legged furry creature he says "doggie." The pattern of thought that provides Ryan with a concept with which to compare his understanding of "doggie" is called

Results from studies examining the information-processing abilities of young children are often used to argue that cognitive development is _____________.

Erik Erikson is best known for his work with

Which of the following statements about developmental changes in intelligence is best supported by the research presented in your textbook?

Which of the following would likely have the least impact on age-related declines in intelligence?

North American motor-scale norms illustrate that

A 5-year-old boy tells his mother that it is fine for boys to play baseball, but not to wear a dress or play with dolls. These beliefs are best classified as examples of

When Kyoko looks back on her life, she feels she has contributed a great deal. She was a successful attorney for many years, has two grown children who visit her regularly, and though her husband has passed away, she had a very good relationship with him. According to Erikson's theory Kyoko is most likely to be in the ____________ stage of life.

At daycare, Nicole and Christine are both fighting over a broken cookie. They both had cookies of the same size, but Nicole's broke in half and now Christine thinks that Nicole has more than she does. When the daycare provider shows the girls that they both have equal amounts of cookie, Christine calms down as she now understands. Nicole continues to feel superior, having more cookie than Christine. According to Piaget,

A child reacts negatively to new situations; the child is also a fussy eater and a fussy sleeper. What would researchers Alexander Thomas and Stella Chess call such an infant?

When Amy's infant daughter starts to crawl, she primarily uses her arms to help herself. After she masters this new way of moving around the room, she starts relying on her legs to help herself more in the crawling process. From a developmental standpoint, the way Amy's daughter starts with her arms and then adds the use of her legs follows the ____________ principle.

Harlow was interested in exploring why infants develop attachments by separating infant rhesus monkeys from their mothers shortly after birth. He then tested them to see what type of artificial surrogate mother they would prefer to spend their time. He found that the infant monkeys spent time with

Distinguish between stranger anxiety and separation anxiety. Which one occurs first?

Studies of infants' auditory pattern perceptions by Werker and colleagues at the University of British Columbia found that

Which developmental research design is the most practical to conduct in terms of time and money?

Maurer and Lewis (2001) summarized the results of their long-term longitudinal study of infants born with congenital cataracts (opaque lens preventing pattern vision) in one or both eyes who therefore suffered some visual deprivation and were then treated. The most devastating impact on later visual processing appears to occur following even short periods of visual deprivation in the first year of life, but the sensitive/critical period for visual deprivation effects extends until about ____________, after that cataracts produce no permanent deficits when vision is restored.

Which of the following was mentioned as one of the three conclusions regarding the relative importance of biological and environmental factors in development?

Kohlberg called the type of moral reasoning based on conformity to social expectations, laws, and duties, _________ moral reasoning.

Infants show a visual preference for solid colours over patterns.

A teenager who believes that she is always "on stage" and that everybody will notice how she looks and what she does is demonstrating one of the two presumed parts of adolescent egocentrism called