Exam 12: Development Over the Lifespan

What is the Strange Situation Test and what child development variable does it assess? What three types of classifications does Mary Ainsworth make using the Strange Situation Test and how are these classifications related to childhood adjustment?

In his work examining the stability of shyness in early childhood, Kagan and his colleagues have found that this temperament variable

Within a few days of birth, most infants are able to reproduce the facial expressions of an adult. This behaviour is likely the product of a simple, biologically based form of ___________.

According to Erikson's model, if the major crises of earlier stages have been successfully resolved, the person experiences a sense of completeness and fulfilment, called ___________.

Mrs. Papier has taken her son and her daughter to a science museum. They are roughly the same age, but Mrs. Papier spends more time explaining the exhibits to her son than to her daughter. Unintentionally, she is engaging in

Explain how nature and nurture jointly influence physical growth and motor development during infancy.

Imagine that a young child is able to show conservation on a test of cognitive development. However, she has difficulty with hypothetical problem solving and abstract reasoning. According to Piaget, this child is in the

Elkind suggests that there are two parts to adolescent egocentrism. The first is _________, in which adolescents overestimate the uniqueness of their feelings and experiences, and the second is __________, in which adolescents are oversensitive to social evaluation.

James is a young child and he has just learned something very interesting. He used to think that all dogs were small with long hair. But when he met the neighbour's dog who is large with short hair, he had to modify his category of "dogs." This reflects Piaget's concept of

Paulo is 5 years old. His older brother likes to fool him when they are drinking juice-he pours Paulo's juice into a tall, thin glass so that Paulo thinks he is getting more. This deception reflects Piaget's concept of

Puberty marks the beginning of adolescence and is characterized by the fact that the person is now capable of ____________.

Upon enrolling their children in a developmental preschool, parents are asked to participate in a study where they will be contacted every two years for the next ten years and asked to complete a quality of education survey. If they agree, parents will be participating in a _______________ research study.

Shaie's longitudinal research found that cognitively stimulating jobs and personal activities was associated with __________________ with age.

Reaching puberty earlier than fellow peers is associated with

Children can perform basic mental operations such as reversibility and conservation that concern problems with tangible objects and situations in the _________ stage.

What are Lawrence Kohlberg's three levels of moral reasoning and what types of moral reasoning are typical in each of the three stages? Briefly describe the research evidence regarding Kohlberg's theory.

Twelve-year-old Cedrick's English teacher often chooses spelling words that can be rearranged to make new words. Cedrick enjoys the challenge of anagrams and puzzles, and because he has always enjoyed science fiction comic books he has recently begun making up his own stories of planets with occupants completely unlike those on earth or in his science fiction comic books. Cedrick is most likely in Piaget's

An optimal age range for certain experiences is a ______________ period but if those experiences occur at another time, normal development will still be possible.

How does thinking change during the concrete and formal operational stages?

In what fashion does motor development occur in infancy?