Exam 12: Development Over the Lifespan

People in their 40s have higher rates of divorce, suicide, depression, feelings of meaninglessness, and emotional instability than younger or older adults.

Research by Robert Fantz (1961) found that infants preferred ___________.

How do Vygotsky and the information-processing approaches to cognitive development differ from the approach taken by Piaget?

John Bowlby's ____________ attachment behaviour phase typically begins around three months of age and, during this phase, the infant tends to direct its attachment behaviours toward _____________.

Both of these parenting styles are similar in that they involve exercising control over children, but the latter style does so with a high degree of warmth. They are _______________ and ________________________ parenting styles.

A biologically based predisposition to react to the environment in specific behavioural and emotional ways is defined as __________.

All of the following are valid potential criticisms of Lawrence Kohlberg's model of moral reasoning, EXCEPT ____________.

Boys who reach puberty early tend to experience more positive outcomes than early-maturing girls do.

Your textbook discusses a study that looked at various social and emotional outcomes related to media use in children between the ages of 8 and 12 (Pea et al., 2012). What did they not find?

Sandra is able to lie. According to the idea of theory of mind, Sandra should

Karen is worried about her grandfather. He's quite old and his information processing abilities are starting to decline. While he might show some deficits, which of the following should she be LEAST concerned about?

Which of the following dimensions of parenting styles is NOT identified by Diana Baumrind?

Josh is considering streaming movies from a BitTorrent site rather than paying a cable company for each movie. He finally decides that he will not do this because if he gets caught, he will be in trouble. According to Kohlberg, Josh is in which stage of moral development?

The study by Ames and colleagues at Simon Fraser University and Chisholm of St. Francis Xavier University on Romanian orphans adopted into Canadian homes found that two years after adoption

Research has found that while classification of temperament traits can be relatively stable over age, classification can vary depending on context and observers.

Consistent with the concept of _____________________, a study found that children over age three who grew up with older brothers or sisters performed _________ on a cognitive task than did children with no siblings or younger siblings.

A researcher is interested in examining the development and effects of shyness. To do this, she identifies a group of 100 shy children at age 10, and then follows them for the next 10 years, checking in periodically to gather additional information. This design is best described as

All of the following were mentioned as criticisms of Lawrence Kohlberg's model of moral reasoning EXCEPT

In the study by Arnett (2001), when asked which characteristics" must be achieved before a person can be considered an adult," ___________.

Children are able to easily solve the conservation problems that confused them earlier in life during the _______________ stage of cognitive development.