Question 1

Explain how cross-sectional, longitudinal, and sequential designs differ.

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional, longitudinal, and seque

Question 2

Fifteen-year-old Martika would like to go on a weekend trip with some friends, but her parents say she cannot go unless an adult chaperone accompanies them. Since a chaperone is not going, Martika's friends leave without her, and Martika furiously tells her parents that they don't understand her and how important this was to her. Martika's response exemplifies

Accepted Answer

A) identity versus role confusion. 
B) the personal fable. 
C) the imaginary audience. 
D) moratorium. 
E) foreclosure. 
A) identity versus role confusion. 
B) the personal fable. 
C) the imaginary audience. 
D) moratorium. 
E) foreclosure.

Question 3

An infant who smiles at and vocalizes to almost any adult that she encounters is most likely in Bowlby's _______________ attachment behaviour phase.

Accepted Answer

A) undifferentiated 
B) random 
C) indiscriminate 
D) uniform 
A) undifferentiated 
B) random 
C) indiscriminate 
D) uniform

Question 4

Discuss how information processing abilities and memory change throughout adulthood.

Accepted Answer

As individuals progress through adulthoo

Question 5

Which of the following does not represent one of the four crises that infants and children go through, according to Erikson's psychosocial theory?

Accepted Answer

A) basic trust versus basic mistrust 
B) acceptance versus rejection 
C) Initiative versus guilt 
D) autonomy versus shame and doubt 
E) industry versus inferiority 
A) basic trust versus basic mistrust 
B) acceptance versus rejection 
C) Initiative versus guilt 
D) autonomy versus shame and doubt 
E) industry versus inferiority

Question 6

Erik Erikson (1968) proposed that personality develops through confronting __________, each of which involves a different conflict over how individuals view themselves in relation to other people and the world.

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive developmental stages 
B) psychosexual stages 
C) psychosocial stages 
D) attachment stages 
A) cognitive developmental stages 
B) psychosexual stages 
C) psychosocial stages 
D) attachment stages

Question 7

Which of the following lists the correct order of progression for Donald Super's vocational stages?

Accepted Answer

A) Growth, exploration, establishment, maintenance, and decline 
B) Growth, establishment, exploration, maintenance, and decline 
C) Exploration, growth, maintenance, establishment, and decline 
D) Exploration, growth, establishment, maintenance, and decline 
A) Growth, exploration, establishment, maintenance, and decline 
B) Growth, establishment, exploration, maintenance, and decline 
C) Exploration, growth, maintenance, establishment, and decline 
D) Exploration, growth, establishment, maintenance, and decline

Question 8

Imagine that a young child is able to show object permanence but fails at a conservation task. According to Piaget, this child is in the

Accepted Answer

A) sensorimotor stage 
B) preoperational stage 
C) concrete operational stage 
D) formal operational stage 
E) proximal stage 
A) sensorimotor stage 
B) preoperational stage 
C) concrete operational stage 
D) formal operational stage 
E) proximal stage

Question 9

Which of the below statements about newborn visual preferences is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A) Infants prefer patterned to non-patterned stimuli. 
B) Infants prefer their mother's face (perhaps based on her hairline) to a stranger's face. 
C) Infants prefer simpler patterns to complex patterns. 
D) Infants prefer novel to familiar stimuli. 
A) Infants prefer patterned to non-patterned stimuli. 
B) Infants prefer their mother's face (perhaps based on her hairline) to a stranger's face. 
C) Infants prefer simpler patterns to complex patterns. 
D) Infants prefer novel to familiar stimuli.

Question 10

Marital researchers have determined that relationship satisfaction typically decreases in the first few years after getting married.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following statements regarding the sex of a child is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The sex of a child is determined by the father's genetic contribution. 
B) The sex of a child is determined by the mother's genetic contribution. 
C) The sex of a child is determined by both parents' genetic contributions. 
D) The sex of a child is unrelated to the genetic contributions of either parent. 
A) The sex of a child is determined by the father's genetic contribution. 
B) The sex of a child is determined by the mother's genetic contribution. 
C) The sex of a child is determined by both parents' genetic contributions. 
D) The sex of a child is unrelated to the genetic contributions of either parent.

Question 12

Identify some factors associated with greater retention of cognitive abilities during late adulthood.

Accepted Answer

There are several factors associated wit

Question 13

The fertilized egg is called a zygote in the ____________ stage, whereas it is referred to as a fetus in the ___________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A) germinal; embryonic 
B) germinal; fetal 
C) embryonic; fetal 
D) embryonic; germinal 
A) germinal; embryonic 
B) germinal; fetal 
C) embryonic; fetal 
D) embryonic; germinal

Question 14

Sally's teacher has observed that she does understand object permanence, conservation tasks, and is able to solve the three-mountain problem. In addition, she is able to think abstractly. According to Piaget's theory, Sally is in the

Accepted Answer

A) sensorimotor stage 
B) preoperational stage 
C) concrete operational stage 
D) formal operational stage 
E) proximal development stage 
A) sensorimotor stage 
B) preoperational stage 
C) concrete operational stage 
D) formal operational stage 
E) proximal development stage

Question 15

Which of the following statements regarding newborns and learning is TRUE? Newborns ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) can acquire classically conditioned responses, but show no evidence of learning through imitation or operant conditioning 
B) can acquire classically and operantly conditioned responses, but show no evidence of learning through imitation 
C) show clear evidence of learning through classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and imitation 
D) show no evidence of learning through classical conditioning, operant conditioning, or imitation 
A) can acquire classically conditioned responses, but show no evidence of learning through imitation or operant conditioning 
B) can acquire classically and operantly conditioned responses, but show no evidence of learning through imitation 
C) show clear evidence of learning through classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and imitation 
D) show no evidence of learning through classical conditioning, operant conditioning, or imitation

Question 16

The stage in which children represent the world symbolically through words and mental images, but do not yet understand basic mental operations or rules is called the ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) concrete operational stage 
B) preoperational stage 
C) formal operational stage 
D) conservation stage 
A) concrete operational stage 
B) preoperational stage 
C) formal operational stage 
D) conservation stage

Question 17

Contrary to Piaget's theory, the cognitive abilities in his four stages appear to occur in the same order across a wide variety of cultures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Recent research on Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development has concluded all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) from childhood through adolescence, moral reasoning changes from preconventional to conventional levels 
B) children's different moral judgments are consistent within the stage that they are in 
C) even in adulthood, postconventional reasoning is relatively uncommon 
D) evidence for a gender bias in the stages is mixed 
A) from childhood through adolescence, moral reasoning changes from preconventional to conventional levels 
B) children's different moral judgments are consistent within the stage that they are in 
C) even in adulthood, postconventional reasoning is relatively uncommon 
D) evidence for a gender bias in the stages is mixed

Question 19

You're interested in studying newborn attention. You wonder whether the kinds of things newborns pay attention to in their environment are similar to what captures the attention of adults. Based on prior research discussed in your textbook, which of these things would you not predict newborns would pay attention to?

Accepted Answer

A) sounds 
B) being touched 
C) smells 
D) locations in space where adults were previously paying attention to 
E) all of these things would be predicted to be attended to by newborns 
A) sounds 
B) being touched 
C) smells 
D) locations in space where adults were previously paying attention to 
E) all of these things would be predicted to be attended to by newborns

Question 20

As a newborn, Mindy was fine when her parents went out and left her with a babysitter. As she approaches her first birthday, however, she has begun to cry when her parents leave. Though the sitter assures them that Mindy quiets down after they are gone, the separation process itself always involves tears. With regard to a developmental timetable, Mindy's behaviour is occurring

Accepted Answer

A) fairly late; most infants begin to fear separation around two to three months of age, because they have not yet developed adequate schemas for strangers versus nonstrangers. 
B) right on time; this is the age at which a child has developed a strong attachment to the primary caregiver(s). 
C) extremely late; normally, separation anxiety occurs immediately after birth, since infants become attached to the mother in utero. 
D) extremely early; most children do not show any distress at separation until at least age five. 
E) None of these response options is correct. 
A) fairly late; most infants begin to fear separation around two to three months of age, because they have not yet developed adequate schemas for strangers versus nonstrangers. 
B) right on time; this is the age at which a child has developed a strong attachment to the primary caregiver(s). 
C) extremely late; normally, separation anxiety occurs immediately after birth, since infants become attached to the mother in utero. 
D) extremely early; most children do not show any distress at separation until at least age five. 
E) None of these response options is correct.

Explain how cross-sectional, longitudinal, and sequential designs differ.

An infant who smiles at and vocalizes to almost any adult that she encounters is most likely in Bowlby's _______________ attachment behaviour phase.

Discuss how information processing abilities and memory change throughout adulthood.

Which of the following does not represent one of the four crises that infants and children go through, according to Erikson's psychosocial theory?

Erik Erikson (1968) proposed that personality develops through confronting __________, each of which involves a different conflict over how individuals view themselves in relation to other people and the world.

Which of the following lists the correct order of progression for Donald Super's vocational stages?

Imagine that a young child is able to show object permanence but fails at a conservation task. According to Piaget, this child is in the

Which of the below statements about newborn visual preferences is NOT true?

Marital researchers have determined that relationship satisfaction typically decreases in the first few years after getting married.

Which of the following statements regarding the sex of a child is true?

Identify some factors associated with greater retention of cognitive abilities during late adulthood.

The fertilized egg is called a zygote in the __ stage, whereas it is referred to as a fetus in the _ stage.

Sally's teacher has observed that she does understand object permanence, conservation tasks, and is able to solve the three-mountain problem. In addition, she is able to think abstractly. According to Piaget's theory, Sally is in the

Which of the following statements regarding newborns and learning is TRUE? Newborns ___________.

The stage in which children represent the world symbolically through words and mental images, but do not yet understand basic mental operations or rules is called the ___________.

Contrary to Piaget's theory, the cognitive abilities in his four stages appear to occur in the same order across a wide variety of cultures.

Recent research on Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development has concluded all of the following EXCEPT

Psychology: the Science of Behaviour

Studying Behaviour Scientifically

Biological Foundations of Behaviour

Genes, Evolution, and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

Memory

Language and Thinking

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Behaviour in a Social Context

Personality

Stress, Coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 12: Development Over the Lifespan

Explain how cross-sectional, longitudinal, and sequential designs differ.

An infant who smiles at and vocalizes to almost any adult that she encounters is most likely in Bowlby's _______________ attachment behaviour phase.

Discuss how information processing abilities and memory change throughout adulthood.

Which of the following does not represent one of the four crises that infants and children go through, according to Erikson's psychosocial theory?

Erik Erikson (1968) proposed that personality develops through confronting __________, each of which involves a different conflict over how individuals view themselves in relation to other people and the world.

Which of the following lists the correct order of progression for Donald Super's vocational stages?

Imagine that a young child is able to show object permanence but fails at a conservation task. According to Piaget, this child is in the

Which of the below statements about newborn visual preferences is NOT true?

Marital researchers have determined that relationship satisfaction typically decreases in the first few years after getting married.

Which of the following statements regarding the sex of a child is true?

Identify some factors associated with greater retention of cognitive abilities during late adulthood.

The fertilized egg is called a zygote in the ____________ stage, whereas it is referred to as a fetus in the ___________ stage.

Sally's teacher has observed that she does understand object permanence, conservation tasks, and is able to solve the three-mountain problem. In addition, she is able to think abstractly. According to Piaget's theory, Sally is in the

Which of the following statements regarding newborns and learning is TRUE? Newborns ___________.

The stage in which children represent the world symbolically through words and mental images, but do not yet understand basic mental operations or rules is called the ___________.

Contrary to Piaget's theory, the cognitive abilities in his four stages appear to occur in the same order across a wide variety of cultures.

Recent research on Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development has concluded all of the following EXCEPT

Psychology: the Science of Behaviour

Studying Behaviour Scientifically

Biological Foundations of Behaviour

Genes, Evolution, and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

Memory

Language and Thinking

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Behaviour in a Social Context

Personality

Stress, Coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

The fertilized egg is called a zygote in the __ stage, whereas it is referred to as a fetus in the _ stage.