Question 1

Provide some examples of effortful and automatic processing in your own life.

Accepted Answer

Effortful processing refers to the type

Question 2

Sir Frederick Bartlett had his participants read a story called "The War of the Ghosts," a unique tale from the 18th century. Participants' recall of the story 20 hours later was highly inaccurate and Bartlett interpreted these results as being due to _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) ineffective use of elaborative rehearsal 
B) source confusion 
C) the lack of an appropriate schema 
D) proactive interference 
A) ineffective use of elaborative rehearsal 
B) source confusion 
C) the lack of an appropriate schema 
D) proactive interference

Question 3

Explicit is to implicit as ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) procedural is to declarative 
B) conscious is to non-conscious 
C) episodic is to semantic 
D) retroactive is to retrograde 
A) procedural is to declarative 
B) conscious is to non-conscious 
C) episodic is to semantic 
D) retroactive is to retrograde

Question 4

The two subcategories of declarative memory are

Accepted Answer

A) implicit and explicit memory 
B) episodic and semantic memory 
C) procedural and episodic memory 
D) proactive and retroactive memory 
A) implicit and explicit memory 
B) episodic and semantic memory 
C) procedural and episodic memory 
D) proactive and retroactive memory

Question 5

Chunking refers to the process whereby

Accepted Answer

A) individual units are combined into a single larger unit of meaning 
B) information is organized hierarchically 
C) incidental information is encoded 
D) a larger unit is broken down into smaller individual units of meaning 
A) individual units are combined into a single larger unit of meaning 
B) information is organized hierarchically 
C) incidental information is encoded 
D) a larger unit is broken down into smaller individual units of meaning

Question 6

Elaborative rehearsal is more effective than maintenance rehearsal for transferring information into long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

You observe a person in the lab trying to recall some information. He is not able to do so. The experimenter says that it is do to forgetting, but She is not sure if it is an effect of interference or the result of amnesia. Which of the following would help you to decide?

Accepted Answer

A) If recognition was used as well as recall 
B) If the interference was retroactive 
C) If the method of loci was used 
D) If there was some kind of trauma 
E) If the interference was proactive 
A) If recognition was used as well as recall 
B) If the interference was retroactive 
C) If the method of loci was used 
D) If there was some kind of trauma 
E) If the interference was proactive

Question 8

Which of the following is not a type of long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

A) procedural (non-declarative) memory 
B) semantic memory 
C) episodic memory 
D) iconic memory 
E) all of the possible responses represent examples of long-term memory 
A) procedural (non-declarative) memory 
B) semantic memory 
C) episodic memory 
D) iconic memory 
E) all of the possible responses represent examples of long-term memory

Question 9

According to the three-stage model of memory, the primacy effect is due to the transfer of words into long-term memory, and the ______________ is due to short-term memory.

Accepted Answer

A) rehearsal effect 
B) recency effect 
C) serial position effect 
D) misinformation effect 
A) rehearsal effect 
B) recency effect 
C) serial position effect 
D) misinformation effect

Question 10

Individuals undergoing an fMRI who incorrectly identified shapes as being previously viewed showed activity in _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) the amygdala 
B) different areas than those associated with correctly identifying shapes 
C) the same areas associated with correctly identifying shapes 
D) the hippocampus 
A) the amygdala 
B) different areas than those associated with correctly identifying shapes 
C) the same areas associated with correctly identifying shapes 
D) the hippocampus

Question 11

Consider the following list of words: farmer, cow, chicken, barn, computer, hay, crop, rooster, pasture, and horse. When attempting to recall this list, people most likely would have little difficulty remembering the word "computer." The increased recall of this word is most likely a result of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) The serial position effect 
B) The dual coding theory 
C) The encoding specificity principle 
D) Distinctiveness 
A) The serial position effect 
B) The dual coding theory 
C) The encoding specificity principle 
D) Distinctiveness

Question 12

A friend tells you that he really wants to do well on his next test and asks you for some study tips. All of the following would be good ideas EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) use elaborative rehearsal 
B) link new information to material already in memory 
C) use imagery 
D) use massed rather than distributed practice 
E) overlearn the material 
A) use elaborative rehearsal 
B) link new information to material already in memory 
C) use imagery 
D) use massed rather than distributed practice 
E) overlearn the material

Question 13

You are a witness to a robbery. Based on research about iconic and echoic store, the time required to recall the face of the robber would be ____________ the time to recall the voice of the robber.

Accepted Answer

A) shorter than 
B) longer than 
C) equal to 
D) shorter, longer, or equal to 
A) shorter than 
B) longer than 
C) equal to 
D) shorter, longer, or equal to

Question 14

Some memory theorists propose that memory can be represented as being similar to a massive system of linked ideas and concepts known as a(n)____________.

Accepted Answer

A) mnemonic device 
B) implicit memory 
C) associative network 
D) flashbulb picture 
A) mnemonic device 
B) implicit memory 
C) associative network 
D) flashbulb picture

Question 15

With regard to the serial position effect, the primacy effect refers to the superior recall of words presented at/in the _________________ of the list.

Accepted Answer

A) beginning and end 
B) end 
C) middle 
D) beginning 
A) beginning and end 
B) end 
C) middle 
D) beginning

Question 16

You have just witnessed a car accident and the police officer asks you how fast the cars were going when they smashed into each other. This question may bias your answer due to the

Accepted Answer

A) repression of information effect 
B) ear witness effect 
C) possibility of flashbulb memory 
D) misinformation effect 
E) leading question effect 
A) repression of information effect 
B) ear witness effect 
C) possibility of flashbulb memory 
D) misinformation effect 
E) leading question effect

Question 17

Schemas can help us to organize and interpret information in a particular way.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Semantic memory is best defined as

Accepted Answer

A) general factual knowledge about the world and language 
B) memories of personal experiences that have happened to us 
C) memories that can influence us without our conscious awareness 
D) nondeclarative memory that is reflected in skills and actions 
A) general factual knowledge about the world and language 
B) memories of personal experiences that have happened to us 
C) memories that can influence us without our conscious awareness 
D) nondeclarative memory that is reflected in skills and actions

Question 19

A mnemonic device is a ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) location in working memory 
B) location in long-term storage 
C) memory aid 
D) tool for examining the neural basis of memory 
A) location in working memory 
B) location in long-term storage 
C) memory aid 
D) tool for examining the neural basis of memory

Question 20

Don dove into a swimming pool and hit his head in the side. He suffered a concussion and damaged his hippocampus. Now he cannot remember anything that happened after he woke up. Don is suffering from

Accepted Answer

A) retrograde amnesia 
B) anterograde amnesia 
C) proactive interference 
D) retroactive interference 
E) memory decay 
A) retrograde amnesia 
B) anterograde amnesia 
C) proactive interference 
D) retroactive interference 
E) memory decay

Provide some examples of effortful and automatic processing in your own life.

Sir Frederick Bartlett had his participants read a story called "The War of the Ghosts," a unique tale from the 18^th century. Participants' recall of the story 20 hours later was highly inaccurate and Bartlett interpreted these results as being due to _____________.

Explicit is to implicit as ____________.

The two subcategories of declarative memory are

Chunking refers to the process whereby

Elaborative rehearsal is more effective than maintenance rehearsal for transferring information into long-term memory.

You observe a person in the lab trying to recall some information. He is not able to do so. The experimenter says that it is do to forgetting, but She is not sure if it is an effect of interference or the result of amnesia. Which of the following would help you to decide?

Which of the following is not a type of long-term memory?

According to the three-stage model of memory, the primacy effect is due to the transfer of words into long-term memory, and the ______________ is due to short-term memory.

Individuals undergoing an fMRI who incorrectly identified shapes as being previously viewed showed activity in _______________.

A friend tells you that he really wants to do well on his next test and asks you for some study tips. All of the following would be good ideas EXCEPT

You are a witness to a robbery. Based on research about iconic and echoic store, the time required to recall the face of the robber would be ____________ the time to recall the voice of the robber.

Some memory theorists propose that memory can be represented as being similar to a massive system of linked ideas and concepts known as a(n)____________.

With regard to the serial position effect, the primacy effect refers to the superior recall of words presented at/in the _________________ of the list.

You have just witnessed a car accident and the police officer asks you how fast the cars were going when they smashed into each other. This question may bias your answer due to the

Schemas can help us to organize and interpret information in a particular way.

Semantic memory is best defined as

A mnemonic device is a ____________.

Don dove into a swimming pool and hit his head in the side. He suffered a concussion and damaged his hippocampus. Now he cannot remember anything that happened after he woke up. Don is suffering from

Psychology: the Science of Behaviour

Studying Behaviour Scientifically

Biological Foundations of Behaviour

Genes, Evolution, and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

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Intelligence

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Development Over the Lifespan

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Exam 8: Memory

Provide some examples of effortful and automatic processing in your own life.

Sir Frederick Bartlett had his participants read a story called "The War of the Ghosts," a unique tale from the 18th century. Participants' recall of the story 20 hours later was highly inaccurate and Bartlett interpreted these results as being due to _____________.

Explicit is to implicit as ____________.

The two subcategories of declarative memory are

Chunking refers to the process whereby

Elaborative rehearsal is more effective than maintenance rehearsal for transferring information into long-term memory.

You observe a person in the lab trying to recall some information. He is not able to do so. The experimenter says that it is do to forgetting, but She is not sure if it is an effect of interference or the result of amnesia. Which of the following would help you to decide?

Which of the following is not a type of long-term memory?

According to the three-stage model of memory, the primacy effect is due to the transfer of words into long-term memory, and the ______________ is due to short-term memory.

Individuals undergoing an fMRI who incorrectly identified shapes as being previously viewed showed activity in _______________.

A friend tells you that he really wants to do well on his next test and asks you for some study tips. All of the following would be good ideas EXCEPT

You are a witness to a robbery. Based on research about iconic and echoic store, the time required to recall the face of the robber would be ____________ the time to recall the voice of the robber.

Some memory theorists propose that memory can be represented as being similar to a massive system of linked ideas and concepts known as a(n)____________.

With regard to the serial position effect, the primacy effect refers to the superior recall of words presented at/in the _________________ of the list.

You have just witnessed a car accident and the police officer asks you how fast the cars were going when they smashed into each other. This question may bias your answer due to the

Schemas can help us to organize and interpret information in a particular way.

Semantic memory is best defined as

A mnemonic device is a ____________.

Don dove into a swimming pool and hit his head in the side. He suffered a concussion and damaged his hippocampus. Now he cannot remember anything that happened after he woke up. Don is suffering from

Psychology: the Science of Behaviour

Studying Behaviour Scientifically

Biological Foundations of Behaviour

Genes, Evolution, and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

Language and Thinking

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Development Over the Lifespan

Behaviour in a Social Context

Personality

Stress, Coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

Sir Frederick Bartlett had his participants read a story called "The War of the Ghosts," a unique tale from the 18^th century. Participants' recall of the story 20 hours later was highly inaccurate and Bartlett interpreted these results as being due to _____________.