Exam 8: Memory

Many people have extremely vivid _________________ memories of where they were on September 11, 2001.

Researchers have stimulated neural pathways with rapid low-intensity bursts of electricity to try to duplicate the process of the ________________ memory formation.

John is feeling very happy and content today and has noticed that he seems to have a better memory for several positive events from his past. This example of improved recall best demonstrates the phenomenon of

How do Bartlett's research and studies of boundary extension illustrate memory construction?

As Yvonne learns her spelling words, she creates a visual image of the object each word represents. According to _____________________, she will be better able to remember the words than if she had just read them to herself.

Making a grocery list and taking notes for a class involve encoding that is initiated intentionally and requires conscious attention. These are both examples of ____________.

Professor Carney is conducting a memory study using a technique called priming. What is she researching?

Why do hierarchies, chunking, mnemonic devices, and imagery enhance memory?

What major roles do the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, thalamus, amygdala, and cerebellum play in memory?

Suppose that you are shown a list that includes the words "plate," "tree," and "glass." Several months later, you are shown many short word stems such as "PL ___," "TR ____ " and "GL ____." Even though you have essentially forgotten about the first list you saw, you are more likely to complete the word stems with "PLate," "TRee," and "GLass" than other people who were not shown the initial list. These types of memory tests are used to measure memory and they are called __________.

You are running a study on the serial position effect in your lab. You decide to introduce a 30 second delay at the start of the word list and have participants count backwards by threes. Then they are presented with a list of 30 words to remember. Recall takes place immediately. This procedure should reduce or remove the

Mindel took French in high school and is taking German in college. While out with friends one night she meets a French exchange student; unfortunately, all she can remember is her German! Mindel is experiencing

Vivid recollections of distinctive, positive or negative events that trigger strong emotional responses are called

It has been observed that the creation of multiple self-generated retrieval cues facilitates memory performance. It is assumed that if one cue fails to activate the memory, there are other cues still available that could activate it. This type of processing specifically improves the __________ process.

Research indicates that it is easier to recall information that has been organized into a hierarchy. This result is most likely because memory is enhanced by making associations between concepts.

Veronica just saw a person in a green car labelled "student driver" run a red light and cause a serious accident. While waiting for the police to arrive, Veronica suddenly remembers that she was in a serious car accident when she was a young child. With respect to recalling the accident stored in her long-term memory, today's accident apparently served as ____________.

Incidental information that gets stored in memory is referred to as _____________, whereas the encoding of memories that are intentionally initiated and occur through conscious attention is referred to as _______________.

In order to investigate the brain systems involved in episodic memory, Dr. Jones gathers fMRI readings from participants as they recall events from the previous day. Dr. Jones's research is best categorized as an example of a

Carl and Ursula are taking a second language course and they study together. Each week Carl and Ursula study their new vocabulary words by generating another associated word and a short one-sentence memory that involves the word. Last week Carl and Ursula decided to cut down on the amount of preparation that they each did by taking turns generating the cues for the vocabulary words. When Carl used Ursula's notes to study that first week, he did not do well on the exam because

What is the encoding specificity principle and how is it demonstrated in the following memory phenomenon: state-dependent memory, mood-congruent memory, and context-dependent memory? For each type of memory, give an example demonstrating how it functions.