Question 1

When tissue lining a blood vessel is damaged,the first thing that happens is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  erythrocytes release fibrin 
B)  leukocytes multiply 
C)  platelets convert fibrinogen to fibrin 
D)  platelets adhere to the damaged tissue 
A)  erythrocytes release fibrin 
B)  leukocytes multiply 
C)  platelets convert fibrinogen to fibrin 
D)  platelets adhere to the damaged tissue

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the pathway an oxygen molecule would take through the human circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  systemic tissues → alveoli → pulmonary vein → pulmonary capillaries → systemic capillaries → left ventricle → left atrium → aorta → systemic arteries 
B)  alveoli → pulmonary capillaries → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → systemic arteries → systemic capillaries → systemic tissues 
C)  alveoli → pulmonary capillaries → pulmonary artery → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary vein → systemic arteries → systemic capillaries → systemic tissues 
D)  alveoli → pulmonary vein → pulmonary capillaries → systemic capillaries → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → systemic arteries → systemic tissues 
A)  systemic tissues → alveoli → pulmonary vein → pulmonary capillaries → systemic capillaries → left ventricle → left atrium → aorta → systemic arteries 
B)  alveoli → pulmonary capillaries → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → systemic arteries → systemic capillaries → systemic tissues 
C)  alveoli → pulmonary capillaries → pulmonary artery → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary vein → systemic arteries → systemic capillaries → systemic tissues 
D)  alveoli → pulmonary vein → pulmonary capillaries → systemic capillaries → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → systemic arteries → systemic tissues

Question 3

Oxygen is transported through the body mostly ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  dissolved in the blood 
B)  dissolved in red blood cells 
C)  bound to hemoglobin 
D)  bound to dissolved iron 
A)  dissolved in the blood 
B)  dissolved in red blood cells 
C)  bound to hemoglobin 
D)  bound to dissolved iron

Question 4

The basic rhythm of the heartbeat is set by the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  systolic pressure 
B)  EKG 
C)  sinoatrial node 
D)  "fight-or-flight" hormone 
A)  systolic pressure 
B)  EKG 
C)  sinoatrial node 
D)  "fight-or-flight" hormone

Question 5

Why is blood pressure higher during systole than during diastole?

Accepted Answer

A)  The contraction of the heart during systole increases the blood pressure against arterial walls. 
B)  The relaxation of the heart during systole increases the blood pressure against arterial walls. 
C)  The contraction of the heart during diastole decreases the blood pressure against arterial walls. 
D)  More blood flows into the heart during systole than during diastole. 
A)  The contraction of the heart during systole increases the blood pressure against arterial walls. 
B)  The relaxation of the heart during systole increases the blood pressure against arterial walls. 
C)  The contraction of the heart during diastole decreases the blood pressure against arterial walls. 
D)  More blood flows into the heart during systole than during diastole.

Question 6

If your blood pressure were 120/70,it would mean that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  your blood pressure during systole is 120 and your blood pressure during diastole is 70 
B)  you have high blood pressure 
C)  you have low blood pressure 
D)  your blood pressure during systole is 120 and your heart rate is 70 
A)  your blood pressure during systole is 120 and your blood pressure during diastole is 70 
B)  you have high blood pressure 
C)  you have low blood pressure 
D)  your blood pressure during systole is 120 and your heart rate is 70

Question 7

Examine the figure shown.During negative pressure breathing,________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the diaphragm moves downward and the rib muscles contract, increasing the size of the chest cavity and decreasing the air pressure within the chest cavity 
B)  the nasal cavities expand and the diaphragm relaxes 
C)  the diaphragm and rib muscles contract, decreasing the size of the chest cavity and increasing the pressure within the chest cavity 
D)  the diaphragm moves downward and the rib muscles relax, increasing the size of the chest cavity and decreasing the air pressure within the chest cavity 
A)  the diaphragm moves downward and the rib muscles contract, increasing the size of the chest cavity and decreasing the air pressure within the chest cavity 
B)  the nasal cavities expand and the diaphragm relaxes 
C)  the diaphragm and rib muscles contract, decreasing the size of the chest cavity and increasing the pressure within the chest cavity 
D)  the diaphragm moves downward and the rib muscles relax, increasing the size of the chest cavity and decreasing the air pressure within the chest cavity

Question 8

Veins carry ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  blood away from the heart 
B)  oxygen-rich blood 
C)  oxygen-poor blood 
D)  blood toward the heart 
A)  blood away from the heart 
B)  oxygen-rich blood 
C)  oxygen-poor blood 
D)  blood toward the heart

Question 9

Blood pressure that is consistently ________ or higher would indicate that you have hypertension.

Accepted Answer

A)  120/80 
B)  140/90 
C)  110/85 
D)  100/75 
A)  120/80 
B)  140/90 
C)  110/85 
D)  100/75

Question 10

Which blood vessels have thin,leaky walls?

Accepted Answer

A)  capillaries 
B)  venules 
C)  arteries 
D)  none of the above 
A)  capillaries 
B)  venules 
C)  arteries 
D)  none of the above

Question 11

What path does a molecule of O₂ take from the nose to the respiratory surface?

Accepted Answer

A)  pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchus → bronchiole → alveolus 
B)  larynx → pharynx → trachea → bronchus → bronchiole → alveolus 
C)  pharynx → larynx → bronchus → bronchiole → alveolus → trachea 
D)  pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchiole → bronchus → alveolus 
A)  pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchus → bronchiole → alveolus 
B)  larynx → pharynx → trachea → bronchus → bronchiole → alveolus 
C)  pharynx → larynx → bronchus → bronchiole → alveolus → trachea 
D)  pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchiole → bronchus → alveolus

Question 12

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.
  
-In varicose veins,the one-way flow of blood in veins is disrupted,which can cause swelling and blood clots.What might help return the blood flow in these veins to normal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reduce physical activity. 
B)  Raise legs above the level of the heart when resting. 
C)  Remove valves from varicose veins. 
D)  Stand or sit still for long periods of time. 
A)  Reduce physical activity. 
B)  Raise legs above the level of the heart when resting. 
C)  Remove valves from varicose veins. 
D)  Stand or sit still for long periods of time.

Question 13

The Antarctic icefishes are the only known vertebrates to lack hemoglobin.Which of the following would be LEAST likely to alter gas transport from the environment to an icefish's cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  higher oceanic temperatures from global warming 
B)  higher concentrations of carbon monoxide in the water from pollution 
C)  higher concentrations of carbon dioxide in the water from pollution 
D)  an injury that reduces the surface area of gills 
A)  higher oceanic temperatures from global warming 
B)  higher concentrations of carbon monoxide in the water from pollution 
C)  higher concentrations of carbon dioxide in the water from pollution 
D)  an injury that reduces the surface area of gills

Question 14

Which of the following can cause anemia? I)bone marrow disease
II)iron deficiency
III)low number of white blood cells

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  I and II 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  I and II

Question 15

When you hold your breath,which of the following blood gas changes leads initially to the urge to breathe again?

Accepted Answer

A)  rising carbon monoxide level 
B)  rising carbon dioxide level 
C)  falling carbon monoxide level 
D)  rising carbon dioxide level and falling carbon monoxide level 
A)  rising carbon monoxide level 
B)  rising carbon dioxide level 
C)  falling carbon monoxide level 
D)  rising carbon dioxide level and falling carbon monoxide level

Question 16

Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
In sickle cell disease (SCD), a mutation in hemoglobin causes deoxygenated hemoglobin to stick together in long chains, which in turn distorts red blood cells into an elongated, sickle (crescent) shape.
-Red blood cells with a sickle shape can block circulation in small blood vessels.Which blood vessels are most likely to become blocked by sickle cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  veins 
B)  arteries 
C)  arterioles 
D)  capillaries 
A)  veins 
B)  arteries 
C)  arterioles 
D)  capillaries

Question 17

Breathing is regulated by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the diaphragm and chest muscles 
B)  the spinal cord 
C)  the circulatory system 
D)  control centers in the brain stem 
A)  the diaphragm and chest muscles 
B)  the spinal cord 
C)  the circulatory system 
D)  control centers in the brain stem

Question 18

Scenario Questions
Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
Blood flowing away from the heart is under tremendous pressure, able to travel to just about any portion of the body. However, blood pressure drops considerably as it moves away from the heart. When blood finally reaches capillaries, the blood pressure drops to nearly zero. Therefore, when a person is standing, blood returning from the feet is not moved back towards the heart by contractions of the heart.
-A scientist claimed that students might get better scores on written exams if they wiggle their legs frequently while taking an exam.This could work (but it is not better than studying)because wiggling legs might ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  propel more blood from the legs back to the heart, increasing oxygen flow to the brain 
B)  add more oxygen to the blood that is returning to the heart 
C)  shake out more of the carbon dioxide that lingers in the blood returning to the heart 
D)  break up blood clots in the legs, which slow the movement of blood back to the heart 
A)  propel more blood from the legs back to the heart, increasing oxygen flow to the brain 
B)  add more oxygen to the blood that is returning to the heart 
C)  shake out more of the carbon dioxide that lingers in the blood returning to the heart 
D)  break up blood clots in the legs, which slow the movement of blood back to the heart

Question 19

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.
  
-The one-way flow of blood in veins is maintained by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  blood pressure 
B)  muscles pressing against the veins 
C)  their thick walls 
D)  valves 
A)  blood pressure 
B)  muscles pressing against the veins 
C)  their thick walls 
D)  valves

Question 20

Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
Yawning is a reflexive action that is often associated with sleepiness. When a person yawns, the mouth opens, and a longer than normal breath of air is inhaled, followed by a longer than normal exhalation. Hypothesizing that yawning has a regulatory mechanism similar to breathing, scientists conducted an experiment on college students to test the effect of ambient carbon dioxide levels on yawning.
-The scientists investigated carbon dioxide levels in their experiment because high carbon dioxide levels in the ________ signal control centers in the brain to increase rate and depth of inhalations and exhalations.

Accepted Answer

A)  alveoli 
B)  blood 
C)  heart muscle 
D)  pharynx 
A)  alveoli 
B)  blood 
C)  heart muscle 
D)  pharynx

Exam 23: Circulation and Respiration

When tissue lining a blood vessel is damaged,the first thing that happens is ________.

Which of the following best describes the pathway an oxygen molecule would take through the human circulatory system?

Oxygen is transported through the body mostly ________.

The basic rhythm of the heartbeat is set by the ________.

Why is blood pressure higher during systole than during diastole?

If your blood pressure were 120/70,it would mean that ________.

Examine the figure shown.During negative pressure breathing,________.

Veins carry ________.

Blood pressure that is consistently ________ or higher would indicate that you have hypertension.

Which blood vessels have thin,leaky walls?

What path does a molecule of O₂ take from the nose to the respiratory surface?

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions. -In varicose veins,the one-way flow of blood in veins is disrupted,which can cause swelling and blood clots.What might help return the blood flow in these veins to normal?

The Antarctic icefishes are the only known vertebrates to lack hemoglobin.Which of the following would be LEAST likely to alter gas transport from the environment to an icefish's cells?

Which of the following can cause anemia? I)bone marrow disease II)iron deficiency III)low number of white blood cells

When you hold your breath,which of the following blood gas changes leads initially to the urge to breathe again?

Breathing is regulated by ________.

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions. -The one-way flow of blood in veins is maintained by ________.

Introduction: Biology Today

Essential Chemistry for Biology

The Molecules of Life

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

Cellular Reproduction: Cells from Cells

Patterns of Inheritance

The Structure and Function of DNA

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology

How Populations Evolve

How Biological Diversity Evolves

The Evolution of Microbial Life

The Evolution of Plants and Fungi

The Evolution of Animals

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

The Body's Defenses

Hormones

Reproduction and Development

Nervous, Sensory, and Locomotor Systems

The Life of a Flowering Plant

The Working Plant

Filters