Question 1

Psychologists working within the dynamic-systems approach would NOT be interested in

Accepted Answer

A) memory. 
B) social interaction. 
C) action. 
D) scaffolding. 
A) memory. 
B) social interaction. 
C) action. 
D) scaffolding.

Question 2

The _____ theory is especially concerned with how variable children's thinking is at any given point in development.

Accepted Answer

A) Piagetian 
B) dynamic-systems 
C) sociocultural 
D) overlapping waves 
A) Piagetian 
B) dynamic-systems 
C) sociocultural 
D) overlapping waves

Question 3

Who proposed the most prominent nativist theory, which is called core-knowledge theory?

Accepted Answer

A) Elizabeth Spelke 
B) Henry Wellman 
C) Susan Gelman 
D) Lev Vygotsky 
A) Elizabeth Spelke 
B) Henry Wellman 
C) Susan Gelman 
D) Lev Vygotsky

Question 4

Which statement can help explain why children tend to lie about transgressions as they get older?

Accepted Answer

A) As they get older, they are more apt to imagine negative consequences for their actions. 
B) As they get older, they are better able to generate ways of avoiding negative consequences. 
C) As they get older, they are more apt to imagine negative consequences for their actions and are better able to generate ways of avoiding them. 
D) Research has not determined that children tend to lie about transgressions as they get older. 
A) As they get older, they are more apt to imagine negative consequences for their actions. 
B) As they get older, they are better able to generate ways of avoiding negative consequences. 
C) As they get older, they are more apt to imagine negative consequences for their actions and are better able to generate ways of avoiding them. 
D) Research has not determined that children tend to lie about transgressions as they get older.

Question 5

The study discussed in the text involving American and Chinese college students who were asked to solve two problems, one that required a solution similar to the strategy in the Hansel and Gretel story and one that required a solution similar to a strategy in a Chinese fairy tale, demonstrated the impact of _____ on analogical problem solving.

Accepted Answer

A) culturally specific content 
B) informal theories 
C) differences in parents' educational practices 
D) social scaffolding 
A) culturally specific content 
B) informal theories 
C) differences in parents' educational practices 
D) social scaffolding

Question 6

Guided participation refers to the process by which more knowledgeable people

Accepted Answer

A) arrange situations in ways that allow less knowledgeable people to succeed at a level beyond their current abilities. 
B) allow less knowledgeable people to attempt things on their own while being observed by the more knowledgeable people. 
C) essentially complete a task for less knowledgeable people while making them believe that they are participating. 
D) defer to the intuition of less knowledgeable people to guide the more knowledgeable people. 
A) arrange situations in ways that allow less knowledgeable people to succeed at a level beyond their current abilities. 
B) allow less knowledgeable people to attempt things on their own while being observed by the more knowledgeable people. 
C) essentially complete a task for less knowledgeable people while making them believe that they are participating. 
D) defer to the intuition of less knowledgeable people to guide the more knowledgeable people.

Question 7

According to sociocultural theories, the level at which parents can optimally support children's learning is

Accepted Answer

A) the level at which children can perform without assistance. 
B) a level that is slightly higher than the level at which children can perform without assistance. 
C) a level that is significantly higher than the level at which children can perform without assistance. 
D) at all of these levels equally. 
A) the level at which children can perform without assistance. 
B) a level that is slightly higher than the level at which children can perform without assistance. 
C) a level that is significantly higher than the level at which children can perform without assistance. 
D) at all of these levels equally.

Question 8

Each of the five theories discussed in this chapter (Piagetian, information-processing, core-knowledge, sociocultural, and dynamic-systems) has implications for teaching methods. Explain what those are for each theoretical perspective.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory suggests that children's

Question 9

In which situation would Michael Tomasello be MOST interested?

Accepted Answer

A) an older sibling teaching a younger sibling the truth about the Tooth Fairy 
B) the increased mathematical reasoning skills of an older child in comparison with a younger child 
C) young infants' inability to retrieve hidden objects 
D) the increased memory skills of an older child in comparison with a younger child 
A) an older sibling teaching a younger sibling the truth about the Tooth Fairy 
B) the increased mathematical reasoning skills of an older child in comparison with a younger child 
C) young infants' inability to retrieve hidden objects 
D) the increased memory skills of an older child in comparison with a younger child

Question 10

Gregory and his father are baking cookies together. Which factor would NOT be considered by sociocultural theorists to be a cultural tool involved in this interaction?

Accepted Answer

A) their language 
B) the temperature needed to bake the cookies 
C) concepts of masculine and feminine roles 
D) the recipe 
A) their language 
B) the temperature needed to bake the cookies 
C) concepts of masculine and feminine roles 
D) the recipe

Question 11

Several times during Carmen's first week of school, she mistakenly opened the closet door when she meant to open the door to the bathroom. The BEST explanation for Carmen's mistake is that Carmen

Accepted Answer

A) failed to recall the location of the door. 
B) had utilization deficiency. 
C) failed to associate the location of the door with other knowledge. 
D) had not encoded the location of the bathroom door. 
A) failed to recall the location of the door. 
B) had utilization deficiency. 
C) failed to associate the location of the door with other knowledge. 
D) had not encoded the location of the bathroom door.

Question 12

Shelby has mastered deferred imitation. This is an indication that she has developed

Accepted Answer

A) enduring mental representations. 
B) symbolic representation. 
C) egocentrism. 
D) conservation. 
A) enduring mental representations. 
B) symbolic representation. 
C) egocentrism. 
D) conservation.

Question 13

The overlapping waves theory is a perspective on the development of

Accepted Answer

A) content knowledge. 
B) problem solving. 
C) planning. 
D) memory strategies. 
A) content knowledge. 
B) problem solving. 
C) planning. 
D) memory strategies.

Question 14

According to information-processing theories, young children have particular difficulty with planning because

Accepted Answer

A) planning requires inhibiting the desire to solve the problem. 
B) they have trouble thinking of multiple steps in succession. 
C) the parietal lobe of the brain is one of the last parts to mature. 
D) they tend to underestimate their ability to solve problems. 
A) planning requires inhibiting the desire to solve the problem. 
B) they have trouble thinking of multiple steps in succession. 
C) the parietal lobe of the brain is one of the last parts to mature. 
D) they tend to underestimate their ability to solve problems.

Question 15

Accommodation refers to the process by which children

Accepted Answer

A) create a stable understanding. 
B) translate incoming information into a form that fits concepts they already understand. 
C) adapt current knowledge structures in response to new experiences. 
D) balance assimilation and adaptation to create a stable understanding of the world. 
A) create a stable understanding. 
B) translate incoming information into a form that fits concepts they already understand. 
C) adapt current knowledge structures in response to new experiences. 
D) balance assimilation and adaptation to create a stable understanding of the world.

Question 16

Ten-month-old Claudia and her mother are playing. Claudia's mother looks up at the ceiling fan and says, "Claudia, look at the fan. Around and around it goes!" Claudia notices that her mother is looking up, so Claudia looks up at the fan as well. Claudia and her mother are engaging in

Accepted Answer

A) joint attention. 
B) social scaffolding. 
C) guided participation. 
D) social referencing. 
A) joint attention. 
B) social scaffolding. 
C) guided participation. 
D) social referencing.

Question 17

Which list BEST represents the phases of Piaget's equilibration process?

Accepted Answer

A) equilibrium, disequilibrium, assimilation 
B) disequilibrium, adaptation, accommodation 
C) adaptation, assimilation, equilibrium 
D) equilibrium, disequilibrium, equilibrium 
A) equilibrium, disequilibrium, assimilation 
B) disequilibrium, adaptation, accommodation 
C) adaptation, assimilation, equilibrium 
D) equilibrium, disequilibrium, equilibrium

Question 18

Which problem-solving sequence is typical according to information-processing theories?

Accepted Answer

A) goal, obstacle, strategy 
B) obstacle, strategy, goal 
C) memory, goal, strategy 
D) goal, strategy, memory 
A) goal, obstacle, strategy 
B) obstacle, strategy, goal 
C) memory, goal, strategy 
D) goal, strategy, memory

Question 19

Kevin and his mother are playing with a squeaky toy. Kevin's mother squeezes the toy in front of him and then hides it under a blanket. Kevin has fun finding the toy under the blanket and then giving it back to his mother. After several rounds of this game, Kevin's mother hides the toy behind a pillow instead of under the blanket. Rather than looking behind the pillow, however, Kevin lifts the blanket to look for the toy. Which statement is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Kevin does not know the toy still exists. 
B) Kevin is making the A-not-B error. 
C) Kevin is approximately 6 months old. 
D) All of these statements are true. 
A) Kevin does not know the toy still exists. 
B) Kevin is making the A-not-B error. 
C) Kevin is approximately 6 months old. 
D) All of these statements are true.

Question 20

Core-knowledge constructivist theories share all these characteristics with formal scientific theories EXCEPT they

Accepted Answer

A) identify fundamental units for dividing relevant objects and events into a few basic categories. 
B) explain cognitive development as something that is quickly and easily acquired. 
C) explain many phenomena in terms of a few fundamental principles. 
D) explain events in terms of unobservable causes. 
A) identify fundamental units for dividing relevant objects and events into a few basic categories. 
B) explain cognitive development as something that is quickly and easily acquired. 
C) explain many phenomena in terms of a few fundamental principles. 
D) explain events in terms of unobservable causes.

Psychologists working within the dynamic-systems approach would NOT be interested in

The _____ theory is especially concerned with how variable children's thinking is at any given point in development.

Who proposed the most prominent nativist theory, which is called core-knowledge theory?

Which statement can help explain why children tend to lie about transgressions as they get older?

Guided participation refers to the process by which more knowledgeable people

According to sociocultural theories, the level at which parents can optimally support children's learning is

Each of the five theories discussed in this chapter (Piagetian, information-processing, core-knowledge, sociocultural, and dynamic-systems) has implications for teaching methods. Explain what those are for each theoretical perspective.

In which situation would Michael Tomasello be MOST interested?

Gregory and his father are baking cookies together. Which factor would NOT be considered by sociocultural theorists to be a cultural tool involved in this interaction?

Several times during Carmen's first week of school, she mistakenly opened the closet door when she meant to open the door to the bathroom. The BEST explanation for Carmen's mistake is that Carmen

Shelby has mastered deferred imitation. This is an indication that she has developed

The overlapping waves theory is a perspective on the development of

According to information-processing theories, young children have particular difficulty with planning because

Accommodation refers to the process by which children

Ten-month-old Claudia and her mother are playing. Claudia's mother looks up at the ceiling fan and says, "Claudia, look at the fan. Around and around it goes!" Claudia notices that her mother is looking up, so Claudia looks up at the fan as well. Claudia and her mother are engaging in

Which list BEST represents the phases of Piaget's equilibration process?

Which problem-solving sequence is typical according to information-processing theories?

Core-knowledge constructivist theories share all these characteristics with formal scientific theories EXCEPT they

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 4: Theories of Cognitive Development

Psychologists working within the dynamic-systems approach would NOT be interested in

The _____ theory is especially concerned with how variable children's thinking is at any given point in development.

Who proposed the most prominent nativist theory, which is called core-knowledge theory?

Which statement can help explain why children tend to lie about transgressions as they get older?

Guided participation refers to the process by which more knowledgeable people

According to sociocultural theories, the level at which parents can optimally support children's learning is

Each of the five theories discussed in this chapter (Piagetian, information-processing, core-knowledge, sociocultural, and dynamic-systems) has implications for teaching methods. Explain what those are for each theoretical perspective.

In which situation would Michael Tomasello be MOST interested?

Gregory and his father are baking cookies together. Which factor would NOT be considered by sociocultural theorists to be a cultural tool involved in this interaction?

Several times during Carmen's first week of school, she mistakenly opened the closet door when she meant to open the door to the bathroom. The BEST explanation for Carmen's mistake is that Carmen

Shelby has mastered deferred imitation. This is an indication that she has developed

The overlapping waves theory is a perspective on the development of

According to information-processing theories, young children have particular difficulty with planning because

Accommodation refers to the process by which children

Ten-month-old Claudia and her mother are playing. Claudia's mother looks up at the ceiling fan and says, "Claudia, look at the fan. Around and around it goes!" Claudia notices that her mother is looking up, so Claudia looks up at the fan as well. Claudia and her mother are engaging in

Which list BEST represents the phases of Piaget's equilibration process?

Which problem-solving sequence is typical according to information-processing theories?

Core-knowledge constructivist theories share all these characteristics with formal scientific theories EXCEPT they

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters