Question 1

Who would be MOST likely to engage in private speech?

Accepted Answer

A) 5-year-old Mike, who is working on a task he has done many times before 
B) 3-year-old Natalia, who is working on a challenging task 
C) 6-year-old Elijah, who is working on a challenging task 
D) 12-year-old Theresa, who is working on a task she has done many times before 
A) 5-year-old Mike, who is working on a task he has done many times before 
B) 3-year-old Natalia, who is working on a challenging task 
C) 6-year-old Elijah, who is working on a challenging task 
D) 12-year-old Theresa, who is working on a task she has done many times before

Question 2

Myelination does NOT

Accepted Answer

A) increase connectivity amongst brain regions. 
B) contribute to greater processing speed. 
C) enhance the ability to resist distractions. 
D) improve efficiency of neural communication. 
A) increase connectivity amongst brain regions. 
B) contribute to greater processing speed. 
C) enhance the ability to resist distractions. 
D) improve efficiency of neural communication.

Question 3

Sociocultural theories posit that the values of a culture do NOT influence _____ in its members.

Accepted Answer

A) memories 
B) thoughts 
C) skills 
D) encoding 
A) memories 
B) thoughts 
C) skills 
D) encoding

Question 4

Amanda has developed egocentrism. This is characteristic of Piaget's _____ stage.

Accepted Answer

A) formal operational 
B) sensorimotor 
C) preoperational 
D) concrete operational 
A) formal operational 
B) sensorimotor 
C) preoperational 
D) concrete operational

Question 5

Research from this perspective shows that 3-year-olds understand deception much better when they are actively involved in perpetrating the deceit than when they merely witness the same deception being perpetrated by others.

Accepted Answer

A) information-processing theory 
B) dynamic-systems theory 
C) Piaget's theory 
D) core-knowledge theory 
A) information-processing theory 
B) dynamic-systems theory 
C) Piaget's theory 
D) core-knowledge theory

Question 6

The simplest and most frequently used mental activities are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) strategies. 
B) core processes. 
C) basic processes. 
D) executive functions. 
A) strategies. 
B) core processes. 
C) basic processes. 
D) executive functions.

Question 7

Ann Brown's community-of-learners program is BEST supported by _____ theory.

Accepted Answer

A) dynamic-systems 
B) sociocultural 
C) information-processing 
D) Piagetian 
A) dynamic-systems 
B) sociocultural 
C) information-processing 
D) Piagetian

Question 8

Encoding refers to

Accepted Answer

A) representing features of objects in memory. 
B) recognizing objects. 
C) generalizing from one event to another. 
D) goal-directed behaviour. 
A) representing features of objects in memory. 
B) recognizing objects. 
C) generalizing from one event to another. 
D) goal-directed behaviour.

Question 9

Dr. Brown conducts a study in which participants are presented with the pendulum problem described in the text and are asked to determine which factor or factors influence the amount of time it takes the pendulum to swing through a complete arc: the length of the string, the heaviness of the weight, the height from which the weight is dropped, or some combination of these factors. Which comparison is MOST likely to be made by an individual in Piaget's formal operational stage?

Accepted Answer

A) heavy weight on short string versus light weight on long string, both dropped from the same height 
B) heavy weight on long string versus light weight on short string, both dropped from the same height 
C) light weight on short string dropped from high position versus light weight on short string dropped from lower position 
D) light weight on long string dropped from high position versus light weight on short string dropped from lower position 
A) heavy weight on short string versus light weight on long string, both dropped from the same height 
B) heavy weight on long string versus light weight on short string, both dropped from the same height 
C) light weight on short string dropped from high position versus light weight on short string dropped from lower position 
D) light weight on long string dropped from high position versus light weight on short string dropped from lower position

Question 10

Ned's general knowledge about cars and trucks is an example of information stored in _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

A) working 
B) long-term 
C) sensory 
D) short-term 
A) working 
B) long-term 
C) sensory 
D) short-term

Question 11

Robert's mother pours a cup of milk for him and then realizes that the cup has a small crack in the rim. Not wanting her son to cut his lip, she pours the milk into another cup. The second cup happens to be shorter and wider than the first cup. Robert is not upset because he knows that the amount of milk has remained the same. Robert is at LEAST _____ years old.

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 5 
C) 7 
D) 9 
A) 3 
B) 5 
C) 7 
D) 9

Question 12

_____ theory emphasizes that other people and the surrounding nation contribute greatly to children's development.

Accepted Answer

A) Dynamic-systems 
B) Information-processing 
C) Piagetian 
D) Sociocultural 
A) Dynamic-systems 
B) Information-processing 
C) Piagetian 
D) Sociocultural

Question 13

Which statement about intersubjectivity is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) The skills involved in intersubjectivity do not emerge until the second year of life. 
B) Scaffolding is an example of intersubjectivity. 
C) Sociocultural theorists believe that intersubjectivity is the foundation of cognitive development. 
D) All of these statements are true. 
A) The skills involved in intersubjectivity do not emerge until the second year of life. 
B) Scaffolding is an example of intersubjectivity. 
C) Sociocultural theorists believe that intersubjectivity is the foundation of cognitive development. 
D) All of these statements are true.

Question 14

Compared with the other theories described in the chapter, dynamic-systems theories place particular emphasis on children's

Accepted Answer

A) memory. 
B) actions. 
C) interest in the social world. 
D) age-related changes. 
A) memory. 
B) actions. 
C) interest in the social world. 
D) age-related changes.

Question 15

Which behaviour do information-processing theorists consider to be a basic process?

Accepted Answer

A) selective attention 
B) encoding 
C) rehearsal 
D) autobiographical memory 
A) selective attention 
B) encoding 
C) rehearsal 
D) autobiographical memory

Question 16

Working memory involves

Accepted Answer

A) attending to and processing information. 
B) retaining information. 
C) inhibiting counterproductive actions. 
D) all of these. 
A) attending to and processing information. 
B) retaining information. 
C) inhibiting counterproductive actions. 
D) all of these.

Question 17

Describe how intelligence is conceived of within each of the five theories described in this chapter (Piagetian, information-processing, core-knowledge, sociocultural, and dynamic-systems).

Accepted Answer

Piaget viewed intelligence as qualitativ

Question 18

The concept of social scaffolding is MOST similar to the concept of

Accepted Answer

A) joint attention. 
B) guided participation. 
C) intersubjectivity. 
D) private speech. 
A) joint attention. 
B) guided participation. 
C) intersubjectivity. 
D) private speech.

Question 19

Which characteristic is NOT shared by children's rudimentary theories and those of formal scientific theories?

Accepted Answer

A) They identify fundamental units for dividing relevant objects and events into a few basic categories. 
B) They explain many phenomena in terms of a few fundamental principles. 
C) They explain events in terms of unobservable causes. 
D) There are no shared characteristics between children's rudimentary theories and formal scientific theories. 
A) They identify fundamental units for dividing relevant objects and events into a few basic categories. 
B) They explain many phenomena in terms of a few fundamental principles. 
C) They explain events in terms of unobservable causes. 
D) There are no shared characteristics between children's rudimentary theories and formal scientific theories.

Question 20

Young children can be defined as _____ in that they believe that members of a species have a fixed inner essence that makes then what they are.

Accepted Answer

A) nativist 
B) essentialist 
C) domain-specific 
D) constructivist 
A) nativist 
B) essentialist 
C) domain-specific 
D) constructivist

Who would be MOST likely to engage in private speech?

Myelination does NOT

Sociocultural theories posit that the values of a culture do NOT influence _____ in its members.

Amanda has developed egocentrism. This is characteristic of Piaget's _____ stage.

Research from this perspective shows that 3-year-olds understand deception much better when they are actively involved in perpetrating the deceit than when they merely witness the same deception being perpetrated by others.

The simplest and most frequently used mental activities are referred to as

Ann Brown's community-of-learners program is BEST supported by _____ theory.

Encoding refers to

Ned's general knowledge about cars and trucks is an example of information stored in _____ memory.

_____ theory emphasizes that other people and the surrounding nation contribute greatly to children's development.

Which statement about intersubjectivity is TRUE?

Compared with the other theories described in the chapter, dynamic-systems theories place particular emphasis on children's

Which behaviour do information-processing theorists consider to be a basic process?

Working memory involves

Describe how intelligence is conceived of within each of the five theories described in this chapter (Piagetian, information-processing, core-knowledge, sociocultural, and dynamic-systems).

The concept of social scaffolding is MOST similar to the concept of

Which characteristic is NOT shared by children's rudimentary theories and those of formal scientific theories?

Young children can be defined as _____ in that they believe that members of a species have a fixed inner essence that makes then what they are.

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 4: Theories of Cognitive Development

Who would be MOST likely to engage in private speech?

Myelination does NOT

Sociocultural theories posit that the values of a culture do NOT influence _____ in its members.

Amanda has developed egocentrism. This is characteristic of Piaget's _____ stage.

Research from this perspective shows that 3-year-olds understand deception much better when they are actively involved in perpetrating the deceit than when they merely witness the same deception being perpetrated by others.

The simplest and most frequently used mental activities are referred to as

Ann Brown's community-of-learners program is BEST supported by _____ theory.

Encoding refers to

Ned's general knowledge about cars and trucks is an example of information stored in _____ memory.

_____ theory emphasizes that other people and the surrounding nation contribute greatly to children's development.

Which statement about intersubjectivity is TRUE?

Compared with the other theories described in the chapter, dynamic-systems theories place particular emphasis on children's

Which behaviour do information-processing theorists consider to be a basic process?

Working memory involves

Describe how intelligence is conceived of within each of the five theories described in this chapter (Piagetian, information-processing, core-knowledge, sociocultural, and dynamic-systems).

The concept of social scaffolding is MOST similar to the concept of

Which characteristic is NOT shared by children's rudimentary theories and those of formal scientific theories?

Young children can be defined as _____ in that they believe that members of a species have a fixed inner essence that makes then what they are.

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters