Question 1

By what age is a rudimentary sense of self present?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 to 4 months 
B) 7 to 8 months 
C) 12 to 14 months 
D) 18 to 20 months 
A) 2 to 4 months 
B) 7 to 8 months 
C) 12 to 14 months 
D) 18 to 20 months

Question 2

About _____ of sexual and gender-minority youth report feeling like they can be themselves as an LGBTQ person at school.

Accepted Answer

A) 2% 
B) 9% 
C) 13% 
D) 27% 
A) 2% 
B) 9% 
C) 13% 
D) 27%

Question 3

Which piece of evidence is the BEST support for the causal effect of infant attachment security on later social functioning?

Accepted Answer

A) Children who are securely attached as infants are more likely than other children to be socially and emotionally competent. 
B) When security of attachment changes because of stress in the home, parent child interactions at the time are associated with social and emotional competence at that age. 
C) Children who had a secure attachment during infancy are more socially and emotionally competent in middle childhood than are other children. 
D) There is no association between infant attachment security and social functioning. 
A) Children who are securely attached as infants are more likely than other children to be socially and emotionally competent. 
B) When security of attachment changes because of stress in the home, parent child interactions at the time are associated with social and emotional competence at that age. 
C) Children who had a secure attachment during infancy are more socially and emotionally competent in middle childhood than are other children. 
D) There is no association between infant attachment security and social functioning.

Question 4

Noticing discrepancies between one's own performance and others' performance is founded on

Accepted Answer

A) social comparison. 
B) self-esteem. 
C) overconfidence. 
D) an adolescent sense of self. 
A) social comparison. 
B) self-esteem. 
C) overconfidence. 
D) an adolescent sense of self.

Question 5

One's overall evaluation of oneself is referred to as one's

Accepted Answer

A) sexual orientation. 
B) identity. 
C) sense of self. 
D) self-esteem. 
A) sexual orientation. 
B) identity. 
C) sense of self. 
D) self-esteem.

Question 6

Which attachment category is often associated with infants whose mothers exhibit abusive behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A) insecure/resistant 
B) secure 
C) disorganized/distressed 
D) insecure/avoidant 
A) insecure/resistant 
B) secure 
C) disorganized/distressed 
D) insecure/avoidant

Question 7

Research has found that adult use of inflated praise is

Accepted Answer

A) harmful for children who have low self-esteem. 
B) most effective with children who have low self-esteem. 
C) harmful for children who have high self-esteem. 
D) not effective with children who have high self-esteem. 
A) harmful for children who have low self-esteem. 
B) most effective with children who have low self-esteem. 
C) harmful for children who have high self-esteem. 
D) not effective with children who have high self-esteem.

Question 8

Bowlby proposed that an individual's internal working model of attachment contains

Accepted Answer

A) expectations about whether interpersonal relationships will be rewarding. 
B) thoughts about whether one is physically attractive. 
C) notions about whether other people are generally intelligent. 
D) All of these are parts of an individual's internal working model of attachment according to Bowlby. 
A) expectations about whether interpersonal relationships will be rewarding. 
B) thoughts about whether one is physically attractive. 
C) notions about whether other people are generally intelligent. 
D) All of these are parts of an individual's internal working model of attachment according to Bowlby.

Question 9

Which action is NOT part of the Strange Situation?

Accepted Answer

A) separations from the caregiver 
B) reunions with the caregiver 
C) interactions with a stranger 
D) contact with novel, scary objects 
A) separations from the caregiver 
B) reunions with the caregiver 
C) interactions with a stranger 
D) contact with novel, scary objects

Question 10

Aspects of childcare were related to attachment security when children experienced

Accepted Answer

A) risks in the childcare context. 
B) risks in the home context. 
C) risks at both childcare and home contexts. 
D) risks neither at childcare nor the home contexts. 
A) risks in the childcare context. 
B) risks in the home context. 
C) risks at both childcare and home contexts. 
D) risks neither at childcare nor the home contexts.

Question 11

As children enter adolescence, they tend to increasingly rely on which influence to evaluate themselves?

Accepted Answer

A) peer evaluations 
B) parental evaluations 
C) teacher standards 
D) internalized standards 
A) peer evaluations 
B) parental evaluations 
C) teacher standards 
D) internalized standards

Question 12

The beliefs and attitudes an individual has about the ethnic or racial groups to which they belong is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) ethnic and racial identity. 
B) sexual orientation. 
C) racial belonging. 
D) identity foreclosure. 
A) ethnic and racial identity. 
B) sexual orientation. 
C) racial belonging. 
D) identity foreclosure.

Question 13

In the Strange Situation, baby Jacob plays actively with the toys in the room, occasionally looking back to check on his mother, is mildly distressed when his mother leaves the room, and is easily comforted by her return. Jacob falls into which attachment category?

Accepted Answer

A) disorganized/disoriented 
B) insecure/resistant 
C) secure 
D) insecure/avoidant 
A) disorganized/disoriented 
B) insecure/resistant 
C) secure 
D) insecure/avoidant

Question 14

The "terrible twos" are an indication of

Accepted Answer

A) insecure attachment. 
B) self-awareness. 
C) negative identity. 
D) parental insensitivity. 
A) insecure attachment. 
B) self-awareness. 
C) negative identity. 
D) parental insensitivity.

Question 15

Mary Ainsworth concluded that the quality of infant attachments can be determined by looking at

Accepted Answer

A) infant reactions to separations from the caregiver and the infant's use of the caregiver as a secure base. 
B) infant smiling directed at the caregiver and caregiver nonverbal communication toward the infant. 
C) mutual verbal and nonverbal communication between the infant and the caregiver. 
D) the infant's use of the caregiver as a secure base and smiling versus crying in the presence of the caregiver. 
A) infant reactions to separations from the caregiver and the infant's use of the caregiver as a secure base. 
B) infant smiling directed at the caregiver and caregiver nonverbal communication toward the infant. 
C) mutual verbal and nonverbal communication between the infant and the caregiver. 
D) the infant's use of the caregiver as a secure base and smiling versus crying in the presence of the caregiver.

Question 16

Compare and contrast the four styles of attachment. Explain both the parent's behaviour toward the child as well as the child's behaviour toward the parent.

Accepted Answer

There are four styles of attachment: sec

Question 17

Describe the notion of the internal working model of attachment. What does this working model include? What type of internal working model is associated with having unresponsive, uncaring, and unavailable caregivers? What about caregivers who are accessible and responsive?

Accepted Answer

The usual outcome of the phases of attac

Question 18

Which description would NOT apply to the self-concept of a typical late elementary school child in comparison to the self-concept of a typical preschool child?

Accepted Answer

A) more complex 
B) based to a greater extent on peer relationships 
C) more likely to involve positive illusions of abilities 
D) more likely to include social comparisons 
A) more complex 
B) based to a greater extent on peer relationships 
C) more likely to involve positive illusions of abilities 
D) more likely to include social comparisons

Question 19

Who is MORE likely to have a less consistent ethnic identity?

Accepted Answer

A) Amanda, who is White 
B) Juan, who currently lives in the United States but is originally from Brazil 
C) Marcellus, who is African American 
D) AviYah, whose mother is White and father is African American 
A) Amanda, who is White 
B) Juan, who currently lives in the United States but is originally from Brazil 
C) Marcellus, who is African American 
D) AviYah, whose mother is White and father is African American

Question 20

In Western cultures, self-esteem tends to be related to _____; in Asian cultures, it tends to be related to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) contributing to the welfare of the group; affirming the norms of social interdependence 
B) individual accomplishments; contributing to the welfare of the group 
C) individual accomplishments; individual accomplishments 
D) contributing to the welfare of the group; contributing to the welfare of the group 
A) contributing to the welfare of the group; affirming the norms of social interdependence 
B) individual accomplishments; contributing to the welfare of the group 
C) individual accomplishments; individual accomplishments 
D) contributing to the welfare of the group; contributing to the welfare of the group

By what age is a rudimentary sense of self present?

About _____ of sexual and gender-minority youth report feeling like they can be themselves as an LGBTQ person at school.

Which piece of evidence is the BEST support for the causal effect of infant attachment security on later social functioning?

Noticing discrepancies between one's own performance and others' performance is founded on

One's overall evaluation of oneself is referred to as one's

Which attachment category is often associated with infants whose mothers exhibit abusive behaviour?

Research has found that adult use of inflated praise is

Bowlby proposed that an individual's internal working model of attachment contains

Which action is NOT part of the Strange Situation?

Aspects of childcare were related to attachment security when children experienced

As children enter adolescence, they tend to increasingly rely on which influence to evaluate themselves?

The beliefs and attitudes an individual has about the ethnic or racial groups to which they belong is referred to as

In the Strange Situation, baby Jacob plays actively with the toys in the room, occasionally looking back to check on his mother, is mildly distressed when his mother leaves the room, and is easily comforted by her return. Jacob falls into which attachment category?

The "terrible twos" are an indication of

Mary Ainsworth concluded that the quality of infant attachments can be determined by looking at

Compare and contrast the four styles of attachment. Explain both the parent's behaviour toward the child as well as the child's behaviour toward the parent.

Describe the notion of the internal working model of attachment. What does this working model include? What type of internal working model is associated with having unresponsive, uncaring, and unavailable caregivers? What about caregivers who are accessible and responsive?

Which description would NOT apply to the self-concept of a typical late elementary school child in comparison to the self-concept of a typical preschool child?

Who is MORE likely to have a less consistent ethnic identity?

In Western cultures, self-esteem tends to be related to _; in Asian cultures, it tends to be related to _.

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 11: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

By what age is a rudimentary sense of self present?

About _____ of sexual and gender-minority youth report feeling like they can be themselves as an LGBTQ person at school.

Which piece of evidence is the BEST support for the causal effect of infant attachment security on later social functioning?

Noticing discrepancies between one's own performance and others' performance is founded on

One's overall evaluation of oneself is referred to as one's

Which attachment category is often associated with infants whose mothers exhibit abusive behaviour?

Research has found that adult use of inflated praise is

Bowlby proposed that an individual's internal working model of attachment contains

Which action is NOT part of the Strange Situation?

Aspects of childcare were related to attachment security when children experienced

As children enter adolescence, they tend to increasingly rely on which influence to evaluate themselves?

The beliefs and attitudes an individual has about the ethnic or racial groups to which they belong is referred to as

In the Strange Situation, baby Jacob plays actively with the toys in the room, occasionally looking back to check on his mother, is mildly distressed when his mother leaves the room, and is easily comforted by her return. Jacob falls into which attachment category?

The "terrible twos" are an indication of

Mary Ainsworth concluded that the quality of infant attachments can be determined by looking at

Compare and contrast the four styles of attachment. Explain both the parent's behaviour toward the child as well as the child's behaviour toward the parent.

Describe the notion of the internal working model of attachment. What does this working model include? What type of internal working model is associated with having unresponsive, uncaring, and unavailable caregivers? What about caregivers who are accessible and responsive?

Which description would NOT apply to the self-concept of a typical late elementary school child in comparison to the self-concept of a typical preschool child?

Who is MORE likely to have a less consistent ethnic identity?

In Western cultures, self-esteem tends to be related to _____; in Asian cultures, it tends to be related to _____.

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

In Western cultures, self-esteem tends to be related to _; in Asian cultures, it tends to be related to _.